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Operator
Good morning, everyone.
My name is Fran and I will be your conference operator today.
At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the PNC Financial Services Group earnings conference call.
(Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this call is being recorded today, Wednesday, October 16, 2013.
I would now like to turn the call over to the Director of Investor Relations, Mr. Bill Callihan.
Please go ahead, sir.
Bill Callihan - SVP, IR
Thank you and good morning.
Welcome to today's conference call for The PNC Financial Services Group.
Participating on this call is PNC's President and Chief Executive Officer, Bill Demchak, and Rob Reilly, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Today's presentation contains forward-looking information.
Our forward-looking statements regarding PNC's performance assume a continuation of the current economic environment and do not take into account the impact of potential legal and regulatory or federal debt ceiling contingencies.
Actual results and future events could differ, possibly materially, from those anticipated in our statements and from historical performance due to a variety of factors and risks.
Information about such factors, as well as GAAP reconciliation and other information on non-GAAP financial measures we discuss, is included in today's conference call, earnings release, related presentation materials, and our 10-K, 10-Qs, and various other SEC filings and investor materials.
These are all available on our corporate website, PNC.com, under the Investor Relations section.
These statements speak only as of October 16, 2013, and PNC under takes no obligation to update them.
Now I would like to turn the call over to Bill Demchak.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Thanks, Bill, and good morning, everybody.
I'm going to run through some of the highlights from the third quarter and talk about the progress we are making on our strategic priorities.
As you've seen already, today we reported net income of $1 billion, or $1.79 per diluted common share, with a return on average assets of 1.36%.
You'd also seen that we had a few select items that impacted earnings, including a pretax gain of $85 million, or $0.10 per diluted share, on the sale of some Visa Class B common stock similar to the gain that we had on Visa sales in the second quarter.
In addition, the provision was lower than expected, primarily due to overall improved credit quality.
We also exceeded our own expectations regarding expense management.
As you recall, we expected expenses to be up modestly in the quarter, but in fact expenses declined by $11 million.
And we achieved our $700 million annual continuous improvement goal in the quarter.
We also continued to build on our strong capital position.
Our estimated Basel I Tier 1 common capital ratio increased to 10.4% and our pro forma Basel III Tier 1 common capital ratio reached an estimated 8.6% in the third quarter.
This stronger capital position should position us well in terms of returning capital to our shareholders in 2014, subject of course to the CCAR process.
During a time when the Fed data tells us loan demand has slowed across the industry, PNC continued to grow loans in the third quarter.
Importantly, we did this within our risk parameters by winning new clients and we delivered solid fee income by deepening relationships with our existing customers.
Year over year consumer commercial and consumer lending combined are up almost $11 billion, or about 6%.
Now looking across the business, we continue to make important progress against our long-term strategic priorities.
We are seeing very promising activity in the Southeast outpacing our expectations.
We have 51 new primary corporate banking clients in the Southeast this quarter versus 44 last quarter, and client and loan growth in the Southeast are significantly outpacing our legacy markets on a percentage basis.
That being said, the incremental opportunity in the Southeast is significant as these markets are running at less than half the median productivity of our legacy markets.
Across the Company, especially at C&IB, we are seeing many relationships that began with lending grow deeper as the average number of products those clients are buying ticks up each year.
Now non-interest income in our Asset Management Group is up by $18 million, or 11%, year over year due to increases in the equity markets and strong sales production resulting in net positive flows.
The growth was driven by an increase in new primary client acquisitions of more than 35% in the first nine months compared to a year ago.
For the Residential Mortgage Banking business, refinance volumes and gain on sale margins continued to decline, as we suggested they would, last quarter.
Our total origination volume was down 21% in the quarter as growth in purchased volume was not enough to offset the declines on the refinance side of the business.
In response, we took steps to better align our expenses with the decline in revenue and Rob is going to talk a bit more about that in a few minutes.
We continue the work we have discussed in the past to dramatically improve the home buying process for our customers and to get them from application to closing more efficiently than our peers.
Customer loyalty continues to grow stronger as a result.
In retail, we closed or consolidated another 62 branches in the quarter and we remain on pace to close or consolidate about 200 by year-end.
Still, net checking account relationships increased by 69,000 and we grew consumer loans by $1.1 billion on a spot basis in the quarter.
Additionally, we experienced record high migration of deposit transactions, up 70% year over year, as evolving customer preferences continue to drive our transformation in the Retail Banking business.
Now Rob is going to review the quarterly results in a second, but I wanted to step back just for a moment to look at where we are at the end of the third quarter this year versus the same time in 2012.
If we look year-to-date, net income is $3.2 billion which is an increase of 39% from the $2.3 billion through the third quarter of 2012.
Our return on average assets through the first three quarters of 2013 was 1.4% and non-interest income increased by 20% compared to the same period last year.
Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenue was 42% year-to-date.
That's up from 37% year-to-date through the first nine months of 2012 and that's really in keeping with our intended strategic direction.
We had a better-than-expected third quarter, in spite of all the environmental challenges that the industry has been confronting, as well as the uncertainty created by the federal government shutdown and the threat of a potential US default.
Now, in my view, the shutdown here is unlikely to cause any permanent economic or financial markets damage, assuming that it doesn't continue for any extended period of time.
On the other hand, a US default, while still unlikely, would have a much worse outcome for the economy.
Even if Congress increases the debt ceiling in a timely manner, at this point we are still likely to see an impact in the form of a slowdown in broader economic activity as we go into the fourth quarter.
So things aren't going to get any easier and we have plenty of work to do yet to fully capitalize on the opportunities that are in front of us.
But our results clearly indicate that our strategy is working as designed and that we are better positioned to create long-term shareholder value because of that.
With that, let me turn it over to Rob to take you through the numbers.
Rob Reilly - CFO
Great.
Thanks, Bill, and good morning, everyone.
Let me start with our balance sheet on slide 4.
Loan growth and solid operating performance resulted in higher retained earnings in the third quarter which led to strength in capital.
Our total assets increased by $4 billion, or 1% on a linked-quarter basis, as we saw growth in both consumer and commercial lending.
Total commercial lending increased by $1.2 billion compared to the second quarter of 2013, predominantly in commercial real estate and to a considerably lesser extent our other specialty lending businesses.
Consumer lending saw an increase of approximately $1.9 billion on a linked-quarter basis, primarily due to accelerated growth in automobile lending across our footprint.
We also saw increases from growth in our home equity and credit card portfolios.
In addition, we purchased approximately $900 million of jumbo mortgage loans in the quarter.
This growth was partially offset by pay downs in education loans.
Total deposits increased by $3.8 billion, or almost 2%, in the third quarter as growth in commercial deposits offset seasonal declines in consumer deposits and further CD runoff.
Shareholders' equity increased by $844 million, or more than 2%, in the third quarter as a result of growth in retained earnings and this drove our capital ratios higher.
Our Basel I Tier 1 common ratio at the end of the third quarter is estimated to be 10.4%.
That's up 30 basis points since the end of the second quarter.
And our Basel Tier 1 pro forma common capital ratio was estimated to be 8.6% as of September 30 without the benefit of phase-ins, a 40 basis point increase from June 30 primarily due to retained earnings.
This Basel III estimate is based on our current understanding of the final Basel III rules.
As you will recall, we said our operating range for the Basel III Tier 1 common ratio was between 8% and 8.5% without the benefit of phase-ins.
Our target was to achieve that by year-end 2013.
Through our strong year-to-date performance we've obviously exceeded the upper end of that range.
Importantly, we continue to believe we will be well-positioned to return additional capital to shareholders in 2014.
Our income statement for the third quarter reflects strong overall performance.
And as you can see on slide 5, net income was up $1 billion, or $1.79 per diluted common share, and our return on average assets was 1.36%.
These results reflect ongoing loan balance and fee income growth along with disciplined expense management.
As Bill mentioned, this quarter's results also benefited from a gain on the sale of additional Visa stock and lower-than-expected provision for credit losses.
Let me highlight a few items in our income statement.
Net interest income declined by $24 million, which was aligned with our expectations, primarily due to lower core net interest income and lower purchase accounting accretion.
While fee income was strong overall in the third quarter, total non-interest income was down by $120 million, or 7% on a linked-quarter basis, primarily due to higher gains on asset sales and valuations we experienced in the second quarter.
I will say more about that in a moment.
As a result, total revenue for the third quarter was $3.9 billion.
Third-quarter expenses of $2.4 billion declined $11 million on a linked-quarter basis, reflecting our focus on expense management.
As a result, our pretax pre-provision earnings were $1.5 billion, down 8% compared to the second quarter but an increase of 4% compared to the same quarter a year ago.
Provision in the third quarter was $137 million, lower than the guidance we provided due to better-than-expected improvements in credit quality.
Now let's discuss the key drivers of this performance in more detail.
Turning to net interest income, as you can see on slide 6, total net interest income declined by $24 million on a linked-quarter basis as loan growth largely, but not entirely, offset the further spread compression we saw this quarter.
As expected, net interest margin decreased to 3.47% in the third quarter, primarily reflecting these lower spreads.
In our investment securities portfolio, you'll recall that we put additional monies to work late in the second quarter following a substantial movement in interest rates.
Those actions resulted in a slight increase in interest income in the third quarter.
Having said that, we are not taking on additional interest rate risk as we've maintained a negative duration of equity of approximately two years.
Importantly, our balance sheet remains asset sensitive and positioned for a rising interest rate environment.
Total purchase accounting accretion declined due to lower scheduled accretion which was partially offset by higher-than-expected cash recoveries on purchase impaired loans.
Over time, you should expect a lower level of cash recovery because the amount of our purchase impaired loans continues to decline.
Regarding our outlook for purchase accounting accretion, in the fourth quarter we are now expecting purchase accounting to be approximately $175 million.
For the full-year 2013, this equates to a decline of approximately $300 million versus 2012, and that's due to be elevated cash recovery.
As a result, we now expect purchase accounting to be down approximately $300 million in 2014 compared to 2013.
Bill talked about the progress we are making with our strategic priorities and you can see that in the third-quarter results for our fee income categories as shown on slide 7. Our Asset Management Group had another good quarter with strong net positive flows and growth and asset -- I'm sorry, growth in sales and primary customers.
As you know, the asset management fee category reflects the combination of fees generated by our asset managed business along with earnings attributable to our interest in BlackRock.
Consumer service fees were up $2 million, or 1%, compared to the second quarter, primarily as a result of higher debit card and credit card fees.
Corporate services saw increased merger and acquisition advisory fees in the third quarter, offset somewhat by reduced client activity.
The valuation gains on commercial mortgage servicing rights that we discussed with you last quarter were lower in the third quarter, and as a result, corporate service fees declined $20 million on a linked-quarter basis.
Residential mortgage was up $32 million, or 19% linked-quarter, and three Factors drove these results.
First, our provision for repurchase obligations was a $6 million benefit in the third quarter versus a $73 million provision in the second quarter as the third quarter benefit reflects a small reserve release.
Second, we did see a decline in loan sales revenue reflecting lower origination volumes and declining gain on sale margins.
As you know, higher interest rates affected third-quarter originations which were $3.7 billion, down $1 billion, or 21%, as a result of lower refinancing activity.
Of strategic importance to us, the decline in refinancing was partially offset by home purchase transaction volume which was up 5% on a linked-quarter basis and now represents 38% of originations, up from 28% in the second quarter.
At the same time, the gain-on-sale margin fell to 292 basis points.
And, third, our net hedging gains on servicing rights were $57 million in the third quarter, an increase of $31 million on a linked-quarter basis.
I will say more about the residential mortgage expense reductions we have taken in a moment.
Finally on this slide, deposit service charges increased by $9 million, or 6%, linked quarter from increased customer activity across nearly all geographies.
Moving beyond the fee categories, net gains on sales of securities, less net OTTI, decreased in the third quarter consistent with the levels we saw in the same quarter last year.
Other non-interest income was impacted by the sale of $2 million of our Visa Class B common shares in the third quarter, resulting in a pretax gain of $85 million consistent with the prior quarter.
We continue to hold 10.4 million shares of Visa Class B common stock with an estimated fair value of approximately $833 million as of quarter end.
These shares are recorded on our books at approximately $158 million, resulting in an unrecognized value of approximately $675 million pretax.
Excluding the impact of the Visa sale, other noninterest income declined by $97 million, or 26%.
On a linked-quarter basis, the primary decline was in the lower credit valuations and that relates to customer initiated hedging activities, which accounted for approximately $40 million.
The remainder was accumulations of small gains and recoveries on asset dispositions that we experienced in the second quarter.
Our diversified businesses resulted in non-interest income to total revenue of 43% in the third quarter.
Given the progress we are making on our strategic priorities, we expect this percentage to grow over time.
We continue to expect that full-year total reported revenue will increase in 2013 compared to 2012.
Expenses continue to be well-managed in the third quarter.
Turning to slide 8, total expenses decreased by $11 million on a linked-quarter basis.
As you will recall, our 2013 goal is to achieve a total of $700 million in continuous improvement cost savings this year.
As of September 30, we have already reached and now continue to work on surpassing that goal.
As a result of these efforts, we now expect full-year 2013 expenses on a reported basis to be below 2012 by more than 5%.
We recognize that controlling expenses will continue to be critical to success in this low interest rate environment.
To that end, we have already started the process of identifying continuous improvement opportunities for 2014.
As a further note, we concluded our redemptions of the remaining discounted trust preferred securities in the third quarter with a non-cash charge of $27 million.
In total, we have now redeemed some $3.2 billion in these higher rate securities, resulting in non-cash charges totaling approximately $550 million since the fourth quarter of 2011.
In regard to our residential mortgage business, earlier this month we took actions to reduce operating expenses that included eliminating approximately 7% of the workforce.
This will result in annual savings of approximately $24 million, which we will begin to see in the fourth quarter with the full realization of these savings occurring in the first quarter of 2014.
As you can see on slide 9, overall credit quality continued to improve in the third quarter.
Criticized commercial loans, non-performing loans, and overall delinquencies all decreased on a linked-quarter basis.
Non-performing loans were down $115 million, or 3%, compared to the second quarter as we saw broad-based improvement in both our consumer and commercial loan portfolios.
Overall delinquencies were lower by $128 million, or 5%, on a linked-quarter basis driven by lower 90-day past-due consumer loans.
Net charge-offs increased nominally by $16 million on a linked-quarter basis as recoveries were lower than previous quarters.
However, as we said in the second quarter, we still believe this low level of charge-offs is not sustainable.
Finally, our provision of $137 million declined by 13% on a linked-quarter basis driven by this improved overall credit quality.
In summary, PNC posted strong financial results in the third quarter.
Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we expect our results to be consistent with our previous quarterly guidance and performance.
Of course, our outlook assumes a sensible resolution to the federal government shutdown and the debt ceiling situation.
We expect modest growth in loans and continued growth in fee income, reflecting our focus on our strategic priorities.
We also expect net interest income to be down modestly, reflecting the continued decline in purchase accounting accretion, and we expect non-interest expense to be stable when compared to the third quarter.
Over the last few quarters our provision and our guidance on provision have been coming down while the performance of our corporate and consumer loan portfolios has been favorable.
Consumers, for example, are still facing a number of headwinds as a result of the sluggish economy.
This causes us to believe that this reduced level of provisioning may not be sustainable.
As a result, for the fourth quarter, we expect the provision for credit losses to be between $150 million and $225 million.
And with that, Bill and I are ready to take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Erika Najarian, Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Erika Najarian - Analyst
Good morning.
My first question is on how we should think about the efficiency for next year and making sure that we are understanding the puts and takes that you mentioned on the call.
On one hand, Bill, you mentioned the opportunity to continue to increase productivity in the Southeast.
Clearly positive for that efficiency ratio.
On the other hand, you also mentioned a $300 million decline on the accretable yield, but you also mentioned that you are looking for more savings post achieving your continuous improvement process savings.
I guess, given all those puts and takes, should we expect the efficiency ratio to continue to grind down in 2014 from the 62% that you mentioned or that you posted this quarter?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Look, it's too early to tell you or give you guidance on what we think is going to happen in 2014 exactly, but I think we, as well as the rest of the industry, face this fight against top-line revenue as we are in a tougher environment.
We do have organic growth opportunities.
We highlight the Southeast; we highlight cross-sell and fee income categories.
What I would tell you longer term as it relates to our efficiency ratios, the near-term success we've had in controlling expenses, and in fact, lowering expenses was kind of the easy stuff.
We have a longer-term opportunity that we are focused on now on process reengineering that relates to basically cleaning up the sequence of integrations that we've done over the last bunch of years.
This will bear fruit over the next few years; not necessarily visible in 2014, but it is the thing that ultimately would allow us to substantially improve our efficiency ratio.
Or at least that's what our goal would be relative to our peers.
But that's not a near term -- we will be working on a near term, but you are not going to see those results show up immediately.
Rob Reilly - CFO
Erika, if I can just add to that, this is Rob.
We are in the middle of our budgeting process for 2014 and has been our custom as far as guidance for 2014.
We will cover that in our January call as we've done in past years.
Erika Najarian - Analyst
Okay.
Just my follow-up question is on the Basel III Tier 1 common disclosure.
Rob, is that under the advanced method or standardized method?
Rob Reilly - CFO
It's currently under the advanced method.
Erika Najarian - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
John McDonald, Sanford Bernstein.
John McDonald - Analyst
Good morning.
Rob, was wanting to just clarify on the net interest income outlook.
The purchase accounting you said down $170 million or so in the fourth quarter and $300 million next year?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Yes, I'm sorry; to clarify that, it will be $175 million in the fourth quarter.
John McDonald - Analyst
Yes, got it.
Rob Reilly - CFO
If you recall, we had given guidance where purchase accounting would be down approximately $600 million over the two-year period 2013 and 2014.
In 2013, we've experienced more recoveries, about $50 million more than we expected, so that's now down $300 million.
Then for 2014, which was previously $250 million, is down $300 million.
So still the same $600 million, just the timing of those recoveries has changed a bit.
John McDonald - Analyst
And that combines both the scheduled accretion and your outlook for cash recoveries?
Rob Reilly - CFO
It does, yes.
John McDonald - Analyst
Together?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Yes.
John McDonald - Analyst
And what is your outlook for the core NII?
In a flat rate environment, what would you expect from core NII, and what are the puts and takes there on your outlook for core?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Well, again, we will save our 2014 guidance for the January conference call, but I think it's, in terms of the guidance that we talked about, down a bit, largely reflective of the purchase accounting decline.
Less so on the core side.
But downward pressure for sure.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I think (multiple speakers) you just think about what's happening here.
We continue to grow loans; would expect to be able to still do that, but we are growing loans at tighter spreads as spreads continue to contract while rates are higher.
We've been pretty clear that even while we reinvest roll off of securities, which, as an aside, we weren't doing for part of the year, but even as we do that now we are typically reinvesting at a lower book yield on new securities than what's rolling off.
So we have that pressure unless we choose to increase balances in today's rate environment, which we just otherwise have chosen not to do.
We want to kind of maintain that dry powder with asset sensitivity.
So it will be a fight to keep core flat.
John McDonald - Analyst
Okay.
Bill, just a bigger picture question.
You are clearly indicating you'd like to do more capital return next year, but it also sounds like you are happy with the opportunities that the RBC platform is giving you in the Southeast.
So just kind of wondering how you will balance over time to return of capital versus adding new platforms like you did with RBC through acquisitions.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
We have been pretty clear about our strategic priorities.
I will reiterate them for you.
We think our organic growth opportunity here is substantial.
I also think that, given what we are seeing in terms of changes in the Retail Banking model for the industry, it's not obvious that adding yesterday's Retail Banking model is what would necessarily allow us to succeed in the Southeast.
In some ways, building the model for the future down there is actually an advantage for us and that's we are going to focus on.
John McDonald - Analyst
Great, thanks.
Operator
Paul Miller, FBR.
Paul Miller - Analyst
Going back a little bit on the net interest margin, how much of that decline was driven by your cash balances?
I noticed some of your cash balances really increased over the quarter.
Rob Reilly - CFO
A couple, yes.
They came relatively late in the quarter there, Paul, so it would be a couple of basis points.
Paul Miller - Analyst
It would be a couple of basis points?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Yes.
Paul Miller - Analyst
Then talking about the performance down in the Southeast, can you add some more color around that?
Exactly -- are you opening up new branches and what type of wallet penetration are you getting down there?
I know so far that acquisition has been doing very well for you.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I mean it's a bunch of different businesses, right?
So in Wealth Management RBC didn't have a single employee focused on the space.
We have full teams down there, so we are growing by vast percentages off a base of zero.
In C&IB, we have been really surprised by the pace of loan growth and client wins.
Part of that is we have the right people in the seats down there.
I think part of it is simply that we are new players in markets where there's clients down there that just aren't satisfied with the existing provider, so some of it's low-hanging fruit I'm sure.
On the retail side, which is kind of the question everybody gets to on -- we don't have retail penetration, at least as it relates to what you would want to have on historical standards for retail.
We are pursuing a path in retail across our footprint of think of hub branches or universal branches with a digitally thin or digitally-enabled branches surrounding them.
Think of new branches as half the space and half the cost as you roll forward versus a traditional branch network that in the past would have cost more to build and more to maintain and run.
We are building that out, trying new things down in the newer markets.
Some with successes, some with failures, but we are learning from it.
We are applying the successes to all of our markets.
Rob Reilly - CFO
18 months in.
Paul Miller - Analyst
What was the last comment, 18?
Rob Reilly - CFO
I'm sorry, just 18 months since starting.
Paul Miller - Analyst
Just back up real quick, the last question; you said you are getting good penetration to C&I.
How much of this is in the overall book?
In other words, how much of that stuff is coming in relative on a percentage basis of your growth in loans, on your overall?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
It's vastly outpacing our legacy markets.
I don't know if any of you guys (multiple speakers).
Rob Reilly - CFO
In terms of loan growth.
In terms of percentages, it's about 2X.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
It is starting to make a difference in terms of the growth rate for the whole Company.
Somewhere we have that number.
I am sure Callihan could dig that up after the call or something.
Bill Callihan - SVP, IR
We can get back to you, Paul.
Paul Miller - Analyst
Yes, thanks a lot, guys.
Thanks, guys.
Operator
Matt O'Connor, Deutsche Bank.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Good morning.
A couple of follow-ups on the expense side.
When you say flat expenses in 4Q versus 3Q, is that off of the $2.376 billion adjusted number or the reported $2.424 billion?
Rob Reilly - CFO
So we said that's stable, and it's off the $2.424 billion number.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
And do you expect -- there's obviously the TRuP charges this quarter and then some other expenses that you've flagged here totaling about -- between the two of them about $50 million.
Are there some other lumpy items you expect in 4Q or --?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Typically -- that's a good question, Matt.
Typically, we see a rise in our fourth-quarter expenses around some seasonal items, notably incentive compensation, etc.
Where we've change that to stable is we do think the expense control program that we have put in place is largely going to be able to offset that in the fourth quarter.
So we don't see anything necessarily lumpy, but we do see what's typically a seasonally high quarter coming in stable.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
I realize you will provide more guidance in a few months, but as we start thinking about run rate levels of cost heading into next year it seems like we should be focused more on the $2.376 billion and then factor in whatever revenue and different efforts that you have.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Look, we'd like to be focused on that too, but give us till the January call to give you some guidance on that.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
Then just separately, I realize this is a little nuanced, but the payoffs within the non-performers came up quite a bit and was just wondering -- sorry, the return of non-performers to performing status was a much bigger number and obviously it's good, it's getting better.
Just wondering if there's anything lumpy in there or --?
Rob Reilly - CFO
No, I think there's some categorical shifts, but generally speaking, we are still running at that $3.6 billion total which is fairly flat.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
Then just lastly (multiple speakers)
Rob Reilly - CFO
Non-performing.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
What line item are you picking up?
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
The return to performing status of $354 million, it's a pretty big number.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I wonder if that is TDRs.
(multiple speakers) Primary, Matt, there's some of the TDRs that have now come back to performing after six months in the program.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
Then, lastly, if I could squeeze in, just the tax rate, I guess it has been consistently lower than expected.
How do we think about that going forward, not necessarily for 4Q but just out a year or two?
Rob Reilly - CFO
As you know, our guidance around tax rate is at 25%.
We came in below that in this quarter; that was as a result of some minor true-ups of our deferred tax accounts.
Again, we will give you 2014 information in a couple of months, but for the balance of the year we are still at that 25% number.
Matt O'Connor - Analyst
Okay.
All right, thank you.
Operator
Keith Murray, Nomura.
Keith Murray - Analyst
Good morning.
It's actually ISI now, but thanks.
Just wanted to touch on loan growth; it came in, I think, better than expectations this quarter.
I know on the last quarterly call you were talking about walking away from some deals where you didn't like the terms and the structures.
Have you seen any improvement there or has it stabilized at least, and where are you guys taking some market share?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
It's a tough market, particularly in traditional C&I.
If anything, it has gotten worse from our comments in the second quarter.
The growth we had, at least on the commercial space, and I will let Rob speak to retail in a second, but the growth we've had on the commercial space the majority of it in real estate, a lot of that on the back of just continuing fund up on projects done in past periods of time as well as we continue to take advantage of some term financing on CMBS rollover.
Small growth in asset-based lending and some of the other specialty segments, but it's really tough in just generic C&I revolver space to the point where we are starting to see spread returns pushing back to 2005 where we saw before a lot of competition.
We haven't -- as I mentioned in my comments, just on the risk side we walk away when we have to walk away.
We defend clients aggressively when we have a lot of cross-sell and we will give on price when necessary.
We won't give on structure.
Rob Reilly - CFO
Then just on the retail side, or the consumer side rather, it's been largely a result of our growth in our automobile portfolio.
Some nominal minor growth on the home equity side on the term loans.
Then, as I had mentioned in my comments, we did purchase some jumbo loans during the quarter.
Keith Murray - Analyst
Thanks.
Then switching to the fee side, you focus on growing asset management and wealth management.
Are you seeing any opportunities there for liftouts of teams?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
We've hired, in effect -- I don't know if it's necessarily teams, but we hired all new people down in the Southeast.
We transferred some people down, but we, in some ways, have become an employer of choice in the business.
We have been growing it aggressively.
I don't know, Rob, what's the number over the last couple years of people (multiple speakers)?
Rob Reilly - CFO
300-plus annually.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Yes.
Generically, either buying a team or buying small firms become problematic in terms of their integration into our model, so we try to hire employees as opposed to think about teams or businesses.
Keith Murray - Analyst
Thanks.
If you don't mind, I'll just ask one more.
You talk about changing the Retail Banking model.
If you think about the ROE of that business today versus five or six years ago, if you put obviously the rate piece of it aside, how big of a difference; is it down 20%, 30% do you think?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I don't know that I've ever calculated it that way because we have a combination of the regulatory changes on the fee side, higher costs.
You have the rate impact and, importantly, you have the changing preference of consumers and the use of technology.
But it's very clear, and I've been pretty public in my remarks, that the business model for retail needs to change as we embrace both the new regulatory environment but, importantly, consumer preferences and their desire to interface with us through multiple channels, both physical and digital.
What it is today versus in the past, it's down a lot.
I think there is opportunity, a lot of opportunity for that to improve.
But it's going to come through a transformation of that business, in my view, as opposed to pulling individual costs out or hoping that interest rates go back up.
Keith Murray - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Ken Usdin, Jefferies & Co.
Ken Usdin - Analyst
Just one last cleanup on the guidance.
You talked -- on the fee side you talked about the core lines all growing in the fourth, but that other component is a big one.
I know you guys have given some color on that in the past and you mentioned that there was a $40 million hit on it this quarter.
How do we think about that other piece?
Rob Reilly - CFO
I would say -- so the guidance is on that core piece.
The other piece which has been -- as you said, we've experienced big numbers there related to rate movement, primarily in the one that you referenced as well as some asset sales -- hard to give a lot of guidance on because it reflects whatever happens in the environment in that particular given quarter.
Ken Usdin - Analyst
Okay.
Secondly, just regards to asset yields and the core NIM.
It was down again a decent amount and I've heard your prior comments about not necessarily taking on more interest rate risk.
But ex purchase accounting accretion, what are you seeing in terms of new loan yields relative to what's on the books?
And can you give us a little bit of color, just like what's rotating through the securities portfolio?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Do you want to hit the loans and I will (multiple speakers)?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Sure, sure.
Ken, I will handle the loans and Bill will talk about the securities.
On the loan side, as Bill mentioned to the earlier question, it's tough.
On the corporate side the spreads that we are seeing in terms of the deals that we choose to do within our risk parameters are lower than what we have on our existing book, so that's going to put downward pressure on the NIM.
We can grow the NII depending on what kind of volume shows.
And on the consumer side, there's similar spread pressure.
So I think as far as from the loan perspectives, the downward pressure on the NIM is our outlook.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I think if you look back in time, we've had 5, 6, 7 basis points of C&I spread decline pretty consistently.
It's not accelerated, but it's not going away so I think you could probably build that in.
And then you have this race of volume against spread decline.
On the securities book, as I mentioned, we are rolling off yields of various things.
Call it 3.25% replacing it with 2.5% to 2.75%.
We are also lightening, for what it's worth; taking on less spread duration or spread product.
We have been using swaps more than we have in the past.
We see opportunities in the municipal space and isolated pockets, but it's tough.
Again, the same things that are impacting corporate spreads are impacting securities and the attractiveness of securities.
So we are being pretty careful there.
Ken Usdin - Analyst
Lastly, within your NII, have you had any meaningful changes from deltas in premium amortization?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
No.
Ken Usdin - Analyst
Okay, thanks, guys.
Operator
Kevin Barker, Compass Point.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Good morning.
Could you help us understand the increase in the installment home equity loans?
You've had eight straight quarters of home equity installment loan growth.
Could you just walk through some of the main drivers of what's occurring right now and what the new yields are seeing given the move in the long end of the yield curve?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Well, in terms of just the growth on the installment loans, that's a function largely of our clients locking in the lower interest rates across the spectrum.
Across the consumer spectrum from the mass to the high net worth we have seen it in all the portfolios along all the client segments.
So we would say that's largely rate driven in terms of being able to fix or refinance any other type of debt.
Now what was the second part of the question?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Just rate.
Risk-adjusted spread on that product over some 10-year term rate has been pretty consistent.
I don't know what we are booking today, but think about it terms of live rate sheets that you'd quote on a fixed-rate product at the right risk premium.
And it moves with interest rates out right.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Okay.
Given the massive increase in home equity broadly across the nation, are you seeing signs that borrowers may start utilizing their lines of credit outside of what you have in your non-strategic portfolio?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Nothing (multiple speakers).
Rob Reilly - CFO
We haven't seen a lot of that on the --.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Okay.
Then finally on the mortgage banking side, are you seeing declines in HARP volumes due to the higher rates?
Or are HARP-eligible borrowers still willing to take on these mortgages even though rates have been -- rates are still fairly attractive compared to where HARP-eligible borrowers sit today?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
We have seen volumes declined clearly as a function of rate, but we are also going to see just burning through the population of eligible borrowers.
So you are getting declines on both sides I would suspect.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
So you would say it's relatively in line with the rest of the market?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
In terms of our refi percentage drop versus other mortgage originators, or --?
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Yes, HARP versus refi and how that's come through for your mortgage originations.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
No, I don't have a (multiple speakers).
Rob Reilly - CFO
Composition of those, yes.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
We have held pretty consistent on the percentage of HARP versus our total volume.
Rob Reilly - CFO
32%, but the volume is down.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Right.
Yes, HARP was about -- exactly, so that remains about the same.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Okay.
Then I can't quite tell, given that you have an average balance on your mortgage servicing rights, that increased 25% quarter over quarter.
But on a quarter-end basis did you also have a significant markup in the MSR and what was the main driver of that given rates have been relatively benign for the quarter?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Yes, we had I think a de minimus markup, but model adjustment driven.
We remain, based on the surveys we participate in on where we mark our book, very comfortable and somewhat conservative relative to what we see in the market.
Kevin Barker - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Steve Scinicariello, UBS.
Steve Scinicariello - Analyst
Morning, everyone.
Just a couple quick ones for you.
Just wanted to follow up on your comment, Bill, about the productivity in the Southeast being half of the more mature markets.
I was just kind of curious how you go about ramping that up and how long does it take before they are equivalent to your more normal operations.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
The half-full/half-empty argument.
It's going to take awhile.
We were very explicit that we have staffed full teams in the newer markets, largely with no client book.
So if you think of what's happening down there versus a market like Pittsburgh or Philly, in those markets we have all hunters.
They are out gathering clients and then cross-selling new clients as opposed to sitting on existing books of business, so that's what causes the productivity to be so much less.
But through time we have continued to build, as we have.
As we add new clients and then we cross-sell new clients we will build that to where we want to be.
So I don't have a timeline on it.
We track progress, always one step forward.
It will be better tomorrow than we were today and that continues to work for us, but it is a big opportunity.
Steve Scinicariello - Analyst
Definitely sounds like it.
And then just an unrelated question, just on the -- the mortgage repurchase provision saw a nice recovery or going the other way this quarter.
But just kind of curious as you look out and we see some of the peers cutting checks to settle issues out there, what's your opinion on where you are in terms of risk exposure?
We saw a good move this quarter.
Is that something that you guys would consider, or are you just satisfied with your reserves and risk?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Look, this quarter's numbers; we are continuing refining estimates for reserves across any number of categories, so don't read too much into the number you see this quarter.
But we, like others, would like to put this behind us.
We are working with Fannie and Freddie and would like to come to a settlement.
It's kind of on their timeline, not ours.
We are reserved for everything we know about, but as we've proven in the past, we don't know everything.
But we would like to put that behind us.
Steve Scinicariello - Analyst
No, makes sense.
Thanks very much.
Operator
Moshe Orenbuch, Credit Suisse.
Moshe Orenbuch - Analyst
Great, thanks.
I was wondering; I know that you don't really want to talk about your 2014 target for expense improvement, but you did talk about the process.
Can you expand a little bit on the process that you are going through and what sort of things you are looking at?
Is that something --?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
For this productivity enhancement or process improvement that I talk about, think about -- we have done for the last six or seven years, starting with Riggs and Mercantile, National City, RBC, a number of bank acquisitions.
And then integrations where we during the course of time you put everything on hold to do the integration and you kind of stop process.
You put together the companies, but you never take a timeout to basically refine the core processes going on the company.
And that's what we need to do.
So think about that in terms of loan servicing systems.
By one count I think we had 11 loan systems.
We probably need four.
There were logical reasons as to why we kept them when we did it.
You look back today and it seems illogical.
There's a lot of things that we can do through automation, consolidation of systems and sites and process that's going to take time.
It's going to take invested dollars to save dollars, but it's something we need to do to make this company a more efficient company in the long term.
Moshe Orenbuch - Analyst
Okay.
And just a small question; you mentioned 10.4 million Visa shares.
What's the process that gets you to decide when you sell those shares?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Look, it has been a great investment to hold on to.
Certainly, (multiple speakers).
Moshe Orenbuch - Analyst
Yes, it's up another $35 million today.
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
But it's quite clearly -- it's a non-core asset for us and it's something we've been pretty public that through time we will liquidate the position.
So we look at opportunities to do so with counterparties.
We look at the value of the shares and I would expect, all else equal, that you will see us continue to move it out on the same timeline that we've done in the past.
Moshe Orenbuch - Analyst
Okay, thanks very much.
Rob Reilly - CFO
Market conditions being (multiple speakers).
Operator
Gerard Cassidy, RBC.
Gerard Cassidy - Analyst
Good morning, guys.
Bill, maybe you can share with us your thoughts on capital levels.
I recognize that the regional banks like PNC have not been given their final Basel III Tier 1 common ratio.
Yes, you have the 7% but we don't know yet about SIFI buffers for the regional banks.
JPMorgan and Citi obviously have their SIFI buffers.
Both have said they are going to run around 10% to 10.5%, which is above their required 9.5%.
What do you think; when you run PNC what kind of buffer do you think you want to have, whatever the number turns out to be, whether it's 7.5% or 7.25%?
How much do you want to be over whatever your final number is?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
The way we think about it is when you go through the CCAR process, as you can see in our last year results, if you think about the drop from whatever you hold to your outcome in the mild case or the drop in the severe case, we want to maintain a buffer so that in a mild case we don't drop to the 7% and in a severe case we obviously stay above the 4.5%.
And I think for us, and the industry, that's going to define the excess that you hold.
In the end driven by your declines as you go through the CCAR process.
Now if we get assigned a 1% buffer, which, by the way, I think is highly unlikely, but let's assume that they added some buffer to our minimum 7%.
Then what I would tell you is that on my -- the 4.5% goes to 5.5%, to 7% to 8%, then I would tell you is that on my mild stress I can't go below 8% and on my severe stress I can't go below 5.5%.
And we will drive what we hold as a function of the balance sheet and the environment that we find ourselves in.
Clearly, if you look at last year's results, our decline in outright capital levels, so loss as a percentage of capital given the risk profile we hold, was pretty manageable and that's what has given rise to our suggested boundaries today or guidelines today of 8% to 8.5%.
That could change through time for any number of reasons, though.
It's not a static number.
Gerard Cassidy - Analyst
Okay.
Have you guys discussed or thought about what you might be considering, and you may have touched on this early in your earlier remarks, what type of capital return you may request in the 2014 CCAR?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
We haven't.
I mean our bias is to do more rather than less.
But we've got to take that first through -- see what the CCAR instructions are and what the guidelines are from the Fed and we will work with our Board.
But our bias is to do more rather than less and we will have to work within the instructions to figure out what that number is.
Gerard Cassidy - Analyst
One final question, shifting on you.
You have really started to separate yourself from others on your views of Retail Banking.
Really pushing it hard to try to get that optimum mix of what type of delivery channels you want.
Do you have any idea yet of five years from now or maybe even a little longer term what the shrinkage in not necessarily footprint and storefronts or branch fronts, but in square footage?
Do you think there could be a 20%, 30% reduction in total square footage of retail branches in the PNC system in the end because of these alternative delivery channels that you guys maximize?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
I hadn't thought of the question that way before, but if you just think about our new branch profile for the digital branches, even if we had the same physical number of locations, you would easily get there on square footage.
I don't know if that is a five-year phenomenon or what timeline that is, but practically as we build out a digitally fit network.
And by the way, you hear other banks talking about the same thing.
I just don't know if they are doing it as aggressively as us.
But, yes, I think that your square footage drops pretty substantially through time, while you still maintain physical presence and serve your customers.
Gerard Cassidy - Analyst
Correct.
And I know there's a lot of talk about that physical presence and we may not see the unit count come down, which may be deceptive if the square footage drops meaningfully.
Great, thank you very much.
Operator
Dan Werner, Morningstar.
Dan Werner - Analyst
Morning.
You indicated, if I heard you correctly, that you are looking for a loan-loss provision of $150 million to $225 million.
Does that still imply a reserve release going forward here?
And I guess, ultimately, where do you see the allowance being as a percentage of loans long term?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Yes, I think -- this is Rob.
I think in terms of the guidance that we've given you, we would expect reserve releases along the lines of what we've done in the past, assuming credit quality continues to improve.
And the second part of the question on -- (multiple speakers).
Dan Werner - Analyst
Allowance as a percentage of loans long term?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
So we are clearly -- we are running somewhere just below 2 or over 2 if you put the marks in on our [033] loans.
Through history, given what we are seeing in this credit cycle, you would have seen reserve to total loans drop well below where we are today.
At the same time, you hear very publicly regulators starting to voice concerns about reserve releases and the need to be countercyclical.
I don't know where that plays out.
We have accounting guidelines we follow and model-based reserves with a little bit of judgment with regulators who are getting concerned with the industry not with us necessarily on reserve releases.
So we will follow guidance from everybody who wants to give it to us.
We will run our models.
If we end up holding more through time through the next cycle than we did in the last, then that's fine.
It's a form of capital.
Dan Werner - Analyst
Okay.
Then one last question, any update your position on your BlackRock holdings?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
No.
Dan Werner - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Betsy Graseck, Morgan Stanley.
Betsy Graseck - Analyst
Good morning, so a couple of questions.
One is just on core expenses.
Wanted to make sure -- when we hear you on stable expenses on core basis 4Q versus 3Q we get to about $9.6 billion for annual core expense.
Is that fair?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
Yes, [that's fair].
Betsy Graseck - Analyst
Okay.
So then in the past you have been highlighting that the cost saves over and above are likely to be reinvested.
So is what I'm hearing you say is the reinvestment opportunities are either fading or the time frame for reinvesting is extending and as a result you are ending up with this net benefit for the 2013 full year?
Rob Reilly - CFO
I don't know if we think about it so much in those terms.
I would say you are correct in terms of the bulk of that $700 million continuous improvement number was targeted for investments in the business which we have made.
I would just say I think the Company understands the need for expense control to a greater degree than we did in the past in the current environment, and we are seeing that across the Company and across all the categories.
And that is showing up here with more savings than what we would've otherwise thought a year ago when we put the program in place.
Betsy Graseck - Analyst
Okay.
Then I get it that you are going through the budgeting process and you can't really talk about what your next year plan is, but if I'm assuming no specific new types of investments in 2014, typically, managers are going to want to be showing improvement year on year in their P&L and in their pretax margin.
Is that typically the way that the budgeting process goes?
Rob Reilly - CFO
Well, again, we haven't done it, but I think we are (multiple speakers).
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
The budgeting process is usually people show up with a whole bunch of wants and no give, and then we push back and say that doesn't work.
You shouldn't assume that as we go into next year that we are not going to invest in the business.
Clearly, we are going to do that, particularly as we think about this process reengineering and some of the automation opportunities that we have.
But we will get into that in some level of detail as we go into January and provide a little more color on next year.
Betsy Graseck - Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Bill Callihan - SVP, IR
I think with that, operator, we are approaching 11 o'clock.
Are there any other questions in the queue?
Paul Miller - Analyst
We have no further questions at this time, sir.
Bill Callihan - SVP, IR
Bill, do you want to have any final comments?
Bill Demchak - President & CEO
No.
Thanks, everybody, for joining us.
We will talk to you again in a handful of months.
Hopefully, we will get through the next week here with our debt situation with a good outcome.
Bill Callihan - SVP, IR
Thank you, operator.
Operator
Thank you.
This concludes today's conference.
You may now all disconnect your lines.
Have a great day, everyone.