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Operator
Hello everyone. Thank you for attending today's Accel Entertainment Q1 2024 earnings call. My name is Sierra, and I will be your moderator for today. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. (Operator Instructions) I would like to pass the conference over to our host, Derek Harmer.
Derek Harmer - Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel
Welcome to Accel Entertainment's first quarter 2024 earnings call. Participating on the call today are Andy Rubenstein, Accel's Chief Executive Officer; and Matt Ellis, Accel's Chief Financial Officer. Please refer to our website for the press release and supplemental information that will be discussed on this call. Today's call is being recorded and will be available on our website under Events and Presentations within the Investor Relations section of our website.
Some of the comments in today's call may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed today and the company undertakes no obligation to update these statements unless required by law. For a more detailed discussion of these and other risk factors, investors should review the forward-looking statements section of the earnings press release available on our website as well as other risk factor disclosures in our filings with the SEC.
During the call, we may discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. For reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures as well as other information regarding these measures, please refer to our earnings release and other materials in the Investor Relations section of our website.
I will now turn the call over to Andy.
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thanks, Derek, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us from Accel's first quarter earnings call. I'm pleased to report we once again had a strong quarter. We reported revenue of $302 million, a year-over-year increase of 2.9% and adjusted EBITDA of $46 million, a year-over-year increase of 0.3%. Similar to other companies in Illinois, we saw negative same-store sales growth, primarily due to unfavorable weather, especially in January.
However, adding new locations in Illinois and Nebraska allowed us to grow revenue overall. Our location partners recognize the value we provide and rely on the incremental revenues, our convenient, high-quality offering brings to their businesses.
On the expense side, we continue to optimize our operations, which has helped us maintain a stable cost structure despite inflationary impacts. Our highly variable cost structure allows us to quickly adjust to any changes in the economy. Looking at future growth, our pipeline remains more active than ever as we evaluate multiple opportunities across the country.
We are working hard to get the right opportunities across the finish line and look forward to sharing them with you in the near future. We are also optimistic about the opportunities in the markets where we are currently operating. Our strong balance sheet, proven business model and consistent growth offer one of the best investments in gaming.
With that, I'd like to turn it over to Matt to walk you through our financials in more detail.
Mathew Ellis - Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Andy, and good afternoon, everyone. For the first quarter, we had total revenue of $302 million, a year-over-year increase of 2.9% and adjusted EBITDA of $46 million, a year-over-year increase of 0.3%. As of March 31, we had 25,321 terminals and 3,987 locations, year-over-year increases of 5.6% and 5.1%, respectively. Location attrition continues to remain low and is mostly attributable to our lowest performing locations closing their doors.
Capital expenditures for the first quarter were $21 million cash spend. The increase was attributable to payments of outstanding invoices from last year. As a reminder, the primary driver of our elevated CapEx was the introduction of four new high-performing gaming terminals at the same time in Illinois. In the past, we would normally see one high-performing cabinet released every 12 to 18 months. We view last year and this quarter's CapEx as one-time in nature.
For 2024, we are still projecting CapEx to be between $55 million and $65 million, a decrease of more than 20%. Over the longer term, we expect CapEx to decrease even further. At the end of the first quarter, we had approximately $286 million of net debt and $553 million of liquidity, consisting of $254 million of cash on our balance sheet and $299 million of availability on our credit facility.
On our capital allocation strategy, we continue to make progress on our $200 million share repurchase program. During the quarter, we repurchased 600,000 shares at an average purchase price of $10.60 a share for a total of $6 million. We are almost 60% through the repurchase program with 12 million shares repurchased at a cost of $124 million. With our strong balance sheet and low leverage, we are in a unique position where we can grow our business and return capital to shareholders.
With that, I'd like to turn it back over to Andy.
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thanks, Matt. We're pleased with another strong quarter and remain focused on executing our growth strategy to create value for our investors. We're confident that our turnkey, full-service local gaming solutions provide a platform to continue to produce strong and consistent results. Our focus is to provide unmatched customer support, guidance, and expertise so our location partners can grow their businesses.
We will now take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Chad Beynon, Macquarie.
Chad Beynon - Analyst
Afternoon, Andy, Matt, thanks for taking my question. I wanted to start with just kind of the legislation landscape, places like Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, et cetera, not necessarily for '24, but kind of where things are shaping up? And if you think any of these have a decent probability of passing something favorable for your business in '25? Thanks.
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thanks, Chad. This is Andy. As far as -- I'll go down the states that you mentioned and a few others, Virginia has legislation that's kind of pending, not probable of getting passed and signed by the governor. But somebody has to give in that state because of the existing equipment that's out in the field and the governor's desire to kind of clean up an illegal industry.
I don't think this year is the year. Whether '25 is the year, I don't know. But it has a probability I'd say greater than zero, but it's tough legislation just in general. But we feel that somebody has to give because there's been so many different bills that have been pushed forward in the last couple of years, and there's a real need to do something.
Georgia: legislation passed this year, kind of solidifying the gift card or kind of value card as a redemption option. And I believe that's the beginning of a more long term movement in Georgia toward a cash-out environment that's more like Illinois. I don't think that's going to happen in '25 or '26, but it's directionally positive. And that bill signed and done.
North Carolina is still -- their session still going. Last year, we got very close. This year, we haven't seen the bills, but again, there is good momentum due to the fact that there's a lot of equipment out in the field that there's a strong opposition to -- let's call it an illegal market from the government leaders. So this year's legislation will probably not include casino, and that gives it a better chance. But again, it's not -- it's very difficult legislation to pass. And I'm not that optimistic.
Finally, Pennsylvania has a very similar situation and to North Carolina and Virginia. There hasn't been any real movement there. Whether it happens, it could be -- there's going to have to be some type of an impetus for them to push some legislation through because there appears to be a lot of people that are happy with the status quo.
So [what am I telling you], I would say it's less than 50% chance of anything happen in the next two years. But there are states that have a reason to pass legislation, allowing VGTs or skill game environment. And that would be regulators. And we're watching it actively, we're ready to move when legislation gets passed. We're going to expand what we're doing and lead into the gift card in Georgia. So I think it will benefit our business, but the question is how much.
Chad Beynon - Analyst
That's great. Thanks for running through that, Andy. And then just in terms of what you're seeing with the consumer in your establishments. So the revenue growth was stronger than I guess what we've seen in a lot of weather impacted markets and kind of what we've seen from other operators in the first quarter. That would tell me that the February, March, I guess exit rate was fairly stable or maybe even healthy, I would say. Is that kind of what you were seeing in your establishments were you pretty happy with how the business recovered throughout the quarter after a tough January?
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Yeah, it was a very strong recovery from kind of getting a real punched in the mouth early in the year and it kind of gives us confidence that our -- where we sit in kind of the world of gaming or talk about like the vertical of gaming that where we are the -- the gaming entertainment that is closest to home, it takes the least investment to participate. You don't have to drive very far. You have to fly anywhere. You don't have to have a large commitment in terms of the play.
And so as the dollars get pushed away from the destination gaming, even away from -- as people's drop off from their regional big casino nights out, they keep -- one of those dollars pushed down to us. But even more importantly they have a -- [were] regular experience for them and were good every day or weekly entertainment. And we seemed to benefit in kind of all economic cycles. And the questions, just how much.
Chad Beynon - Analyst
Thank you, very much.
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thank you.
Operator
Steve Pizzella, Deutsche Bank.
Steve Pizzella - Analyst
Hey, Matt, Andy, thanks and good evening, everyone. Just wanted to ask from an M&A perspective, what's kind of holding back deals from getting to the finish line and what geographies have you guys been looking at?
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
So I don't know if there's anything there's been holding them back. We take a very disciplined approach going through diligence, making sure that any regulatory questions are answered prior to closing. And I believe that some of the things that we're pursuing, we'll get there. It's just more important to us to get there in a very confident way, minimizing any future risks, and to fully understand the business and the potential revenue, and that makes sure it's price accordingly.
So these opportunities we believe, are going to be significantly accretive to the business. But we've been doing a lot of work to make sure that the right type of opportunities for Accel to expand. And as far as geographically as being a national company, it's not just one market or one area of the country that we're looking. I would expect us to be involved in multiple markets by the end of the year with some of these opportunities that we've talked about. We're excited to share that with you when they get to the finish line.
Steve Pizzella - Analyst
Okay, thanks. And then always nice to see revenue growth in Illinois, even when location hold per day is down year over year, driven by the actual location growth. Can you give us any color on the pipeline you have for location growth moving forward, whether in Illinois or some of your other states? And how we should think about that, for the remainder of the year?
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Yeah. I mean, we continue to have the opportunities. The establishment owners select us consistently over our competition. And we tend to win on the sales front over and over again. And whether that's Illinois, whether it's Montana, whether it's Nevada, Georgia, and I think that theme will continue to carry us as we move forward. We obviously always experience business owners that are not successful and their establishments close, but we continue to upgrade our portfolio as the bottom kind of self cleanses. And the locations that we sign on a whole are definitely a big improvement from what we lose.
So you're seeing a constant improvement in the portfolio. I think as we've seen some softness with some of our locations that will be a little more cautious in bringing on new locations because going forward there's -- you needed a certain amount of revenue on the location side more than we do to support your establishments cost structure. And as labor costs rise, raw material costs, cost of goods sold, they impact those businesses greater than ours. And so we're very aware that their business model changes to be a little more cautious as we sign up on new locations.
Steve Pizzella - Analyst
Okay, thanks. And then just one more for me, if I may. The Nevada location hold per day, it was just slightly negative year over year in the quarter. Is there anything you're seeing in that market to highlight? And how should we think about that moving forward?
Mathew Ellis - Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Steve, this is Matt. I think similar to what Andy said earlier, players push to our local close to home offering, and there's a very local regional offering there as well. But we don't see anything systemic. I think demand's still there. You look at that overall locals market, I think we're on the better end of that spectrum.
And it's just again, our offering improves, especially we're able to make smart investments in that market with our locations. So obviously, I would love to see it up. But I think with what you're seeing again, it highlights that close to home, convenient offering. The whole concept of 10 minutes door to door versus a much further journey to something else.
Steve Pizzella - Analyst
Okay. Appreciate it. Thanks, guys.
Mathew Ellis - Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you all for your questions. There're currently no questions waiting. (Operator Instructions) It seems we have no further questions. So I will pass the conference back over to Andy Rubenstein for closing remarks.
Andrew Rubenstein - President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. As a reminder, the Accel Entertainment Annual Meeting is tomorrow. Hoping everyone will be able to join us. We had a very good first quarter despite a rough start. We're excited one month into the second quarter. And we look forward to sharing more and more news about the growth of Accel on our next quarter's call. So thank you, and hope all of you enjoy the Mother's Day weekend.
Operator
That will conclude today's conference call. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.