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Operator
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the MetroPCS Communications first quarter 2012 conference call. During today's presentation all participants will be in a listen only mode. Following the presentation the conference will be open for questions.
(Operator Instructions)
This conference is being recorded April 26, 2012. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Keith Terreri, Vice President and Treasurer for MetroPCS. Please go ahead, sir.
Keith Terreri - VP-Finance, Treasurer
Thanks, April, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our first quarter 2012 conference call. Speakers with me this morning are Roger Linquist, our Chairman and CEO; Tom ], our President and Chief Operating Officer; and Braxton Carter, our Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer. The format for today's call is as follows -- first, Roger will provide an overview of our business. Tom will then provide an update on a number of operational results and initiatives, and, finally, Braxton will review the financial highlights for the first quarter 2012, followed by a question-and-answer session.
During today's call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. We have reconciled these historical non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures in our earnings release which is available at www.metroPCS.com under the Investor Relations section. Before I turn the call over to Roger, I want to remind you that certain information we will discuss in this conference call may constitute forward-looking statements within the meanings of federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are any statements not of historical fact that involve risks, assumptions, projections, predictions and uncertainties that may not occur or could cause actual results or the timing of events to materially differ from those made in the forward-looking statements. Words such as believes, anticipates, expects, intends, plans, should, could, would, view, estimates, projects, will, and other similar expressions typically identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make regarding our future operational and financial plans, our estimates of capital expenditures, our prospects for success, our strategies in our positioning in a highly competitive wireless industry. Furthermore, included in our forward-looking statements, are statements regarding our competitive positioning and promotional strategies, our operational focus and objectives, the drivers of customer adoption of our services, the availability and pricing of 4G LTE handsets and RCS, the effects and demands for our services, anticipated benefits of 4G LTE, our marketing initiatives and their benefits, the reasons for reduced growth, the build out of 4G LTE, statements regarding the impact of investment in spectrum on capital expenditures on free cash flow, the manageability of our debt maturities, our positioning from a balance sheet perspective, capital expenditure guidance and other statements which are not historical. Management may make additional forward-looking statements in response to questions. Additionally, our forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the risk factors described in our earnings release, in our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, including our 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012, filed this morning, and current reports on Form 8-K, copies of which can be obtained free of charge from the SEC at www.sec.gov or from the Investor Relations section located under the about us tab on our website, or directly from contacting the Investor Relations department.
Among these, for example, are risks related to competition, availability of spectrum, our ability of our networks to meet customer demands, the availability of 4G LTE handsets, and the economy. We encourage you to review these documents. We've also provided supplemental slides that are available for download and printing on our Investor Relations website. We may refer to these slides during our prepared remarks and in response to questions. I would like to remind you that the results for the first quarter 2012 may not be reflective of results for any subsequent periods.
For anyone listening to a taped or webcast replay or reviewing a written transcript of today's call, please note that all information presented is current and should be considered valid only as of April 26, 2012, regardless of the date reviewed, read, or replayed. MetroPCS disclaims any intention to revise or update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or developments or otherwise except as required by law. The Company does not plan to update or reaffirm guidance except through formal public disclosure pursuant to Regulation FD. Certain terms that are used in today's call are registered trademarks of MetroPCS. At this time I would like to turn the call over to Roger.
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Thank you, Keith. First quarter is normally the strongest sales quarter of the year for the no contract segment. However, our net gains and EBITDA in first quarter 2012 significantly underperformed expectations. The combination of uncertainty in the economy and growing competition in 3G data service makes our early investment initiatives in 4G LTE that much more important. Anticipating more competition in 3G data service as well as continued economic head winds, we elected in the first quarter to emphasize handset promotions that broadly appealed to individuals, not just family plan subscribers. That was offered in the first quarter of 2011.
The result was a large proportion of existing subscribers upgrading their handsets. Consequently, the increase in upgrade retention expense created additional EBITDA pressure in the first quarter of 2012 of approximately $70 million. First quarter operations provided a clearer picture regarding the significant demand for high-speed data services. Whereas considerable softness existed in the CDMA data service segment of our business, our 4G LTE subscribers nearly doubled in the first quarter. This occurred in spite of the average price of a handsets approached $300, and, equally important, churn for the 4G LTE segment is now at the 2% level.
With these facts in mind, we intend to focus on operating margins and free cash flow over subscriber growth until we can mainstream our LTE for all initiatives with affordable handsets later this year. We believe acceleration of 4G LTE adoption in the US will rapidly drive lower smartphone costs and higher volume. As handset design standardized on the iPhone, touch screen on substrate design, product differentiation will be accomplished by screen size, resolution, and processing power enabling cost reduction that can be substantial. We expect full-featured affordable handsets with 3.5 to 4-inch screens will become available in the second half of 2012 in the sub $150 retail range. We believe demand will but ARPU accretive given the high percentage of our customers electing the $50, $60, and $70 rate plans.
There is no question that smartphone data consumption characterizes wireless service opportunities and challenges going forward. Speed does matter. And with our 4G LTE network targeted for system-wide completion by third quarter, the challenge is to effectively manage all network traffic such that the spectrum re-farming can occur at the earliest practical time. With smartphone momentum, network capacity requirements bring focus on technology as well as spectrum resources. The opportunity to expand capacity on 4G LTE networks is orders of magnitude utilizing picocells within macro cells whereby capacity can be improved by multiples of three, four, or more times.
We continue to seek spectrum opportunities but enhancing network capacity through technology gains presents a cost effective nearer term alternative. Once our microwave back haul network is in place and fully operational, we expect a significant cost reduction improvement relative to fiber and T1 circuits. Microwave back haul is key for data throughput and future cost effective implementation of picocells. High-speed data at low latency is a key driver for user satisfaction but so is an expanded menu of rich communication services, or RCS, that will serve to differentiate our premium 4G LTE services from our competitor's 3G data services. RCS supports simultaneous voice communication with multimedia messaging linking presence with address book contacts and more by the end of 2012. Our objective continues to be providing our subscribers with a premium post-paid service experience on a no-contract basis.
4G LTE service is not only about high-speed data service but also about the menu of services that it can support. Beginning in the fall of 2012, we intend to move into high gear with our marking initiatives that focus on 4G LTE handsets and services to extend our wireless leadership as the best deal in town. Affordable hand sets are key to our LTE for all initiative, and several of these handsets are currently in our lab for acceptance testing. Our objectives are clear. Prioritize operating margins and free cash flow over subscriber growth until we have affordable 4G LTE handsets later this year. Two, capitalize on our 4G LTE for all initiatives and begin to introduce VoLTE-capable handsets later in the second half of the year to begin refarming spectrum. Finally, build network capacity for future growth. Now I will turn the call over to Tom.
Tom Keys - President, COO
Thanks, Roger. Good mornings, everyone. Today I'd like to focus my comments on three areas; first quarter 2012 results, discuss the drivers impacting these results, and lastly, review our road map going forward. Clearly the first quarter 2012 was challenging from a growth and profitability perspective, and results were below expectations. Regarding first quarter 2012 results, our first quarter promotional investment, primarily consisting of instant rebates or mail in rebates generated just over 1 million gross additions during the first quarter. Consistent with lower gross addition activity in the quarter, we recorded net subscriber additions of approximately 132,000. Although our sales activity was muted, we did see retentive benefits from our promotions as our base continued to upgrade their handsets during the quarter.
During the quarter the transition of our customer base is important as mature users now benefit from our new handset selection and remain loyal to our brand. We believe this loyalty continues to show itself in positive net promoter scores that demonstrate the true viral nature and impact of our service in the communities that we operate in. As a result of this upgrade activity, churn for the quarter was at an all-time low for the company at 3.1%. Low churn was driven in part by the over 1.5 million upgrades recorded during the quarter which represented 16% of our customer base. Our increased upgrade expenses, primarily driven by handset promotions, contributed to higher costs in the quarter.
Our customer base continues to demand the experience afforded by a smartphone. At the end of the first quarter, approximately 46% of all subscribers were on a smartphone plan up from roughly one-third at the end of 2011. Looking at upgrade activity, 76% of all upgrades ended up on a rate plan of $50 or higher. Additionally, 46% of the upgrades during the quarter were feature phone users that migrated upward to a smartphone.
Drivers that impacted the first quarter -- our strategies continues to focus on offering customers the best deal in town with all taxes and regulatory fees included in our service plan pricing. We believe there are a number of factors as to why we saw a decrease in gross additions in the first quarter 2012. We believe factors include overall competition, delayed tax refunds and end users' desire for high-speed data. Looking at the quarter, we saw some competitive 3G data offerings in the post-paid, end, and [bno] spaces that put pressure on our acquisition model. As you may recall on the fourth quarter 2011 call, we spoke about the delay in tax refunds. We did not know how this delay would impact the quarter, but it appears that the delay led to consumers using their refunds for other, more immediate needs as discrete fund delay dynamic disrupted purchasing cycles that we have seen in past years.
Finally, since introducing Android smartphones in the late 2010, we have placed the majority of our smartphones on our CDMA network. Speed has become an increasing part of the customer's buying decision and, consequently, the speed and superior experience of our 4G LTE network is compelling and a driver of new customer acquisition. In order to provide our customers with the high-speed data experience they expect, we need to provide handsets at an affordable cost that drives new user adoption.
Looking at our operational road map going forward, we are focused on completing the build of our 4G LTE network. At the end of the first quarter we have built approximately 80% of our total footprint covering roughly 9,500 cell sites. We anticipate covering our full CDMA footprint with 3G LTE base stations by third quarter 2012. With network speed and coverage quality gaining importance as consumers now differentiate between service providers, network back haul becomes critical to the user experience. We have invested in and are implementing microwave back haul in our dense urban core. This method of delivery will allow for the increased use of data. By deploying microwave back haul we will be able to take advantage of lower cost, highly targeted small cell deployments which will be added to the network for capacity offloads. We anticipate first wave of affordable 4G LTE smartphones to be introduced prior to the back-to-school season.
Given a near term road map to affordable 4G LTE smartphones, our short-term reliance on CDMA smartphones for new customer acquisition will diminish during the second half of 2012. Currently Samsung, LG, Huawei, ZTE and other manufacturers are developing low-cost handset solutions that will hopefully retail in the sub-$150 range as our 4G LTE for All campaign gets into full swing. In preparation for 4G LTE smartphones becoming widely available, we recently announced a change in our pricing to our 4G LTE service plans. This change helps build the foundation for the second half of 2012. We currently offer the nation's most affordable 4G LTE service for as low as $40 a month.
All plans still offer unlimited talk and text. With these data tiers, consumers have greater control, allowing them to select a data plan that meets their needs. We are the only wireless service provider to offer a no contract unlimited 4G LTE plan -- $70 a month with taxes and fees included. With the challenging quarter behind us, we believe the industry is transitioning to high-speed data delivery, and we are well on our way to a full 4G LTE deployment. We remain focused and believe our unique distribution model, no contract, tax and regulatory fees included, and near term 4G LTE smartphone road map we can successfully work to meet our long-term goal of balancing growth with profitability.
Now I will turn the call over to Braxton.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Thanks, Tom. Good morning. Our first quarter results were challenging. We ended the quarter with 132,000 net additions and currently serve approximately 9.5 million total subscribers, an increase of 7% from the first quarter of 2011 and at 57% over the past three years. We have a very strong balance sheet and substantial liquidity with approximately $2.2 billion in cash and short-term investments at the end of the first quarter. We believe this liquidity positions us very well for future strategic opportunities, including spectrum acquisitions. We continue to evaluate various options to enhance our current spectrum holdings. We believe further investment in spectrum will significant reduce future CapEx, will have a positive impact on free cash flows, and further leverage our 4G LTE investment.
Our total leverage as of March 31, 2012 was approximately 3.6 times computed in accordance with the indentures governing our senior notes. We believe our maturity schedule is very manageable with our first substantial maturity of approximately $1 billion coming due in November, 2016. Our weighted average cost of debt for the first quarter was 5.9%. The majority of our debt is fixed by its nature or through interest rate swaps. Clearly we believe we are very well positioned from a balance sheet perspective.
Churn for the quarter was 3.1% and matches the lowest reported churn in company history. First quarter churn was down 60 basis points when compared to the fourth quarter of 2011 and was flat when compared to the first quarter of 2011. The sequential decline in churn we believe was primarily driven by a continued investment in our network, aggressive retention programs, and normal seasonal trends. Our first quarter 2012 ARPU was $40.56, up $0.14 on a year over year basis and flat with the fourth quarter of 2011. The increase in ARPU was primarily attributable to continued demand for our Wireless for All and 4G LTE service plans offset by an increase in family plan penetration from 35% of our customer base, as of March 31, 2011, to 44% of our customer base as of March 31, 2012.
Also impacting ARPU this quarter was the addition of family plan subscribers heavily weighted to the back end of the fourth quarter of 2011. For the first quarter our CPGA was $235 up $78 over the first quarter of 2011. This increase is primarily driven by increased promotional activities and lower gross additions as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011. Our CPU for the quarter was $22.87 as compared to $19.79 in the prior year's first quarter. This year over year increase was primarily driven by the increase in retention expense for existing customers, costs associated with our 4G LTE network upgrade, and roaming expenses with metro USA.
During the quarter we experienced $7.13 in CPU directly related to handset upgrades compared to $4.60 in the prior year's first quarter. Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $262 million, a decrease of 8% year over year. Our adjusted EBITDA margin for the quarter was 22.6%. Over the trailing 12-month period adjusted EBITDA totaled $1.3 billion.
I would now like to highlight a few items from the income statement and cash flow statement. In the first quarter our service revenue and cost of service grew 10% and 14%, respectively, to approximately $1.2 billion and $389 million, respectively, over the same quarter in 2011. The increases are primarily due to growth in our subscriber base. We generated $137 million in cash from operating activities in the quarter. We generated $21 million in consolidated net income during the first quarter or $0.06 per share. We incurred capital expenditures of $144 million during the quarter. We reaffirm our four-year 2012 guidance for capital expenditures of $900 million to $1 billion.
Now we'll move to Q&A.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Brett Feldman, Deutsche Bank.
Brett Feldman - Analyst
Second quarter is usually a seasonal down period for you guys. Sounds like you're waiting to reset the business around the LTE relaunch later in the year. How should we think about seasonal patterns going into THE second quarter? Do you think that perhaps they will be a little more exacerbated than we've typically seen, notably around things like churn and gross adds?
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Yes, Brett, I think that would be a correct statement. I think seasonality is always going to be a part of our business, and the economy, of course, is not improving dramatically, so I would suspect that we would see a seasonality not untypical of our past years. The opportunity here, as we said, is to ensure that we meet our operating margins and free cash flow objectives and take subscriber growth that we feel is in order with the product offerings that we have today.
Brett Feldman - Analyst
So if you run a little math around that and bake in what is usually the seasonal uptick in churn and the seasonal decline in gross adds, it suggests would you probably have a net loss of customers in the quarter. So, with that as the probable outcome, what are some of the things you can do around margins to make sure you're generating cash ahead of what's going to be a more interesting product launch later in the year?
Tom Keys - President, COO
Well, I think that is the -- exactly the job we've got at hand, and I think the churn, as we've indicated has been more moderated. One of the benefits of first quarter has been that there's a significant number of our subscribers that upgraded to the Android service, and they now have a phone that we feel that satisfies them, so it's not so much a matter of changing up phones. It's a matter of providing the good service that we need to provide, and maintain those customers. The 3.1% churn is not the lowest in our industry, but it is equal to the lowest. So we think the churn is not going to be the biggest factor going in. Much different than we saw in the first quarter of last year when we promoted the family plan type retention plans.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Brett, I think it's also important to note that we have substantially curtailed the handset promotions that were out in the marketplace during the first quarter. The primary promotion in the second quarter is the $25 talk and text plan. That does have a very different dynamic when it comes to acquisition costs. More importantly, you saw the key driver on our [miss] this quarter was $70 million of incremental upgrade expense as compared to the prior year. The $25 plan we think is very high from an MPV basis. There's no data, there's no web access. It's a talk and text plan. And we think from a promotional standpoint, it is the right thing for us to do during the second quarter. It will, obviously, be somewhat of a drag on ARPU, but Tom talked about the substantial up tick that we're seeing in our new LTE rate plans, the new pricing that we did on that, so we hope to execute a fairly neutral ARPU during the next quarter.
Brett Feldman - Analyst
What's the market like right now for the sort of legacy talk and text plans? One of your competitors was talking about the continued pressure from the Lifeline product. Is that why you're trying to put something like that into the market?
Tom Keys - President, COO
Brett, I think there's probably two reasons. One is we went at this from a card based product earlier on, and I think what we've realized is that we're a monthly subscription company first, so we think we'll get a better degree of traction there. Number two, we also think we've heard from the marketplace where not having a web-based product for children is really important, and this product does not get a family plan discount. That's a really important dynamic in terms of the economics for this. So there's no family plan discount. It can be certainly added to a family plan program to pay one bill, but there's no discount. Lastly, this probably is a farm team for people to come into MetroPCS to understand the first offering, and then based upon our feature phone to smartphone upgrade pattern with higher ARPUs, because our lowest smartphone ARPU was $50, we think there's an opportunity for this to be ARPU accretive over time.
Operator
Rick Prentiss, Raymond James.
Rick Prentiss - Analyst
A follow up on Brett's question maybe -- when you think about the competition in the space, if you break it into the low end on the Lifeline, maybe the high end as far as what AT&T and Verizon might be planning to do, also with family plans on the data being discussed, ad then maybe a mid zone with Sprint's Virgin product and the WiMAX coming in the second quarter, can you help us understand the competition on the low, medium, and high end of who you're seeing out there and how you're addressing it?
Tom Keys - President, COO
You know, I don't know that we address every single carrier separately. I don't think we've ever truly been able to do that and have tried to. We think there's probably three segments inside of our acquisition model today. The first, we've just described on the high-value, low-end $25 talk and text. The other goal post, if you will number three is really our premium service, our 4G LTE service, and as mentioned, we have a very, very good churn rate there. Presently it's about 2%, which we enjoy, and we also came close to doubling that customer base in the first quarter. So we think that there's a really big opportunity at number three. Number two in the middle of cost is our 1xRTT smartphones. What I think you saw us do is defend that base in the first quarter. So we can keep those customers on the network, give them the level of expectation to the best we can, as we transition the network to our full 4G LTE services, and work on giving our customers what they've asked for, over the long haul, and that's really good high-speed data.
Rick Prentiss - Analyst
And as you think of that, how important is VoLTE, voice over LTE ability to making that occur for that opportunity, and how does spectrum fit into that game plan also?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Let me try -- this is the first question which is re voLTE. It is inextricably linked with our spectrum needs. VoLTE is foundational to refarm CDMA spectrum in our business. We see that the opportunity there will be back ended this year. We will be introducing a device -- the Samsung will be the first device to be introduced in the third quarter on voLTE, and we will, I think, be the first certainly in North America, if not in Europe and elsewhere, to offer voLTE, because it is foundational for us going forward in 2013 for us to begin to manage our way through the spectrum holdings that we have. So refarming is totally dependent on voLTE. We plan to do it as we have the experience and insight to offer service that is at least comparable to our CDMA voice service today.
Rick Prentiss - Analyst
And then as far as when do you need more spectrum? How critical is that, given the voLTE time line and devices coming?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Well, the VoLTE time line, as I mentioned, they'll be coming in this year. In fact, we'll have at least two, probably three devices that are on voLTE this year. More are available if we choose to take them, but we want to make sure that we have a service that we have broadly understood how effective voLTE is in terms of being comparable to our CDMA voice product. So the fact that it is available, will become available -- 2013 will be a much more volume year where we can take advantage of that and have the experience of really exploring and finding out what the level of service and the various intricacies are. It is a (inaudible) service. It is totally new, and we want to make sure that the quality of service is comparable or exceeds what we now have on CDMA.
Operator
Jonathan Chaplin, Credit Suisse.
Jonathan Chaplin - Analyst
A couple of quick questions if I may. First, on the microwave back haul deployment, I'm wondering if could you give us some context for the positive impact that could have on CCU once it's fully deployed. Second, on small cells -- these deployments that you're making yourselves where the cost implications are all captured in your $900 million to $1 billion CapEx budget, or are these deployments you're doing with third-party providers and tower companies where there's going to be incremental cost in CCU? Thirdly, just in terms of your strategy, it totally makes sense to manage the business for margin and cash flow while you wait for cost-effective LTE handsets to become available. What was the thinking around this quarter, though, where it seems like you pushed handset subsidies dramatically and still didn't get the -- still didn't get doors swinging? I guess my concern is we saw subsidies go up so much and still didn't see incremental demand. What would gross adds have been like if you hadn't incurred that level of cost to drive demand, or were your efforts just very unproductive this quarter? Thank you.
Tom Keys - President, COO
Jonathan, I'll take the third one first. So the thinking behind the quarter was that maintaining the base and retaining the base was equally as important as growth. And what we saw, inside of the base is people who had come to MetroPCS prior, keeping them satisfied, letting them come to the next level of handset to evolve their technology use, feature phone to 1x Android, 1x Android to LTE was extremely important to us. As we stated, we would have certainly liked to see more people, new customers, come through the door. But as we talked about in the beginning of March, we had a delayed tax season, I think we spoke about at the end of the fourth quarter, of our last call, and that delay gave us uncertainty into the latter part of the quarter, which is always a really heavy acquisition time frame. So all the numbers got distorted by not having the same gross additions as we had in years prior.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
I'll take the second one, then Roger will talk about microwave and small cell. The microwave and small cell initiatives are fully baked into the CapEx guidance of $900 million to $1 billion this year. Roger, you want to talk about --
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Yes, the key here, of course, is to manufacture capacity on LTE, and we know that data rates that we can expect in the -- depending on the spectrum used, but typically in a 5 X 5 we would expect 6 to 8 megahertz, and that is very dependent on back haul. We've now provided fiber to a large majority of our sites in the core. We will be implementing microwave to take over because of cost benefits. Microwave is really priced by the $100 a foot on the dish side, so we could see very low fixed costs. We have the spectrum, so we want to make sure we address that, so our back haul is suitable for the maximum down link speeds available to us. So we see a tremendous lift in terms of capacity. The issue will be is to get our phone service, that is LTE handsets, sufficiently embedded in our base so we can take advantage of the refarming that would be possible to us in 2013 for the VoLTE-capable handset to use up -- shall we say displace that capacity in CDMA. The fact is that we have, I think, a great opportunity in making that move. This is not an easy task, but the budget this year is meant to give us that foundation so we have the densification we need and also the extensive deployment of LTE system-wide.
Operator
Phil Cusick, JP Morgan.
Philip Cusick - Analyst
I don't want to push this too hard but I do want to do a little Monday morning quarterback on the CPGA. The move from -- at the end of February we talked about sort of a $195. Came in at $235, and I understand that sort of things turned out differently but what I'm trying to think about is, can you help us on where that number probably goes in Q2 and maybe a range? And what in particular changed, just from that over that period in a month? Thanks.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Phil, that's a fair question. I think there were several factors impacting it. First of all, there was very large volume differential between what we thought we were going to achieve from a gross additions standpoint versus what we actually achieved. Secondly, the mix of handsets -- and remember there were different pricing schemes within the handsets before we had an MIR -- in the actual mix of what sold was different than what we assumed. The take rates on the mail-in rebates were higher than we initially had indicated. I think the final factor is that the brand advertising that we put out in the market -- we did try to increase that in the first quarter, and that definitely also had an impact. Really looking forward, we've talked about backing off the handset subsidies, but you also have the numerator denominator effect. And there are a lot of fixed costs within CPGA, and to the extent that you have lower grease additions, you're not getting the scale that you do ultimately drive a higher CPGA. And that certainly should be the expectation, given the gross adds and the statement that we're going to focus on, cash flows and profitability versus growth. I think the final comment, Phil, is when you look at the change year-over-year, it really wasn't about the acquisition, we did spend incremental subsidy on the gross adds that came in, but the volume drop pretty much offset that. The real change from the profitability and the trajectory that we had over a year ago was, in fact, the upgrades, and we've given you very specific costs per user. I'd point you to the supplemental tal deck where we have highlighted historically what our upgrade costs were. And you can do the math object it, but that's really where the issue was.
Philip Cusick - Analyst
Okay. And as we think about the second half, as you bring out the sort of lower priced LTE phones, should we be thinking about subsidies going back up to bring those to $150, or do they stay on a sort of unit basis? Is that at a sort of in-line price to where things have been historically, or are they more like Q1 in terms of unit subsidies?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
That is a very good question. Maybe I can try to tackle that by giving some data that's relative, because some people have come out with thoughts that CDMA or GSM handsets on Android smartphones will be very much less expensive. All I can do is talk about today and the road map for 2012, but the differential that we will see, once we have the -- as I mentioned, the units that are now being tested in the acceptance testing, they will be $30 to $40 plus differential on what we can buy on CDMA Android versus LTE. I think the issue is that the attractiveness of the service is so very, very powerful, and what we've had to do in the first quarter is really make up for this -- the speed deficit, if you will, in the LTE versus the CDMA phones, smartphones that we've been selling, so that I think that we have a non, shall we say, first quarter will not carry over into the second half. There is no need for that. We don't intend to do it, and we intend to be very much selective. Again, the focus is on margins and free cash flow, and that's really our message going forward this year.
Operator
[Matt Nicknum], Goldman Sachs.
Matt Nicknum - Analyst
Just wondering if you can give us more color on how the new $25 talk and text promo has been received in the marketplace so far and just shed some light on how you consider the churn risks customers taking this plan present longer term. Thanks.
Tom Keys - President, COO
You know, Matt so far it's been just a couple of weeks so I would call at normal take rate. The real question that we think is important is how many new people will come in the door to look at the offer. We've yet to put it into mainstream advertising. It's simply been viral in our stores, word of mouth. We've done a little bit of text messaging to the base, so it's too early to tell that. The real intent of it is to allow families, people that have children, that will not want web access, and just have a real appetite for talk and text, to be able to give them something that's affordable to try our service. Then once they try it and they come back to the store every month and pay their bill, there's an opportunity to look at the handset road map as we continue to look at new product, and then potentially see if their child or somebody else is ready to move to the next level of service with Metro. So it's early, but we think it's going to be another way to bring in a segment that we haven't tried to attract before, into the store.
Matt Nicknum - Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
Craig Moffett, Sanford Bernstein.
Craig Moffett - Analyst
It's been widely reported that you guys reached an agreement with Sprint during the quarter for a strategic transaction. As far as I know I haven't seen any public comment son the strategic intent of that -- what problems it would have solved and how you thought about the currency that was being exchanged. Could you talk about that a little bit and what your thinking was and how that might inform your thinking going forward for other strategic transactions?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Well, we love you, Craig, but no.
Craig Moffett - Analyst
No comment at all? Can you at least confirm the public reports and that they were accurate?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
There's no comment to that.
Craig Moffett - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Michael McCormack, Nomura securities.
Mike McCormack - Analyst
Maybe just a more holistic comment, if you would, regarding the importance of scale in this business, particularly as we move into this 4G higher smartphone penetration world. From a cash flow perspective it seems like clearly we need more spectrum -- network utilization probably going up as well. Just thinking about some of the largest competitors in the post-paid world, the cash flow profile per sub is clearly less than it was. So just thinking about your business going from what seemingly was a very highly accretive cash flow, voice and text only world into this new smartphone data world/ How do we get comfort that you guys have the scale to compete there? Thanks.
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
I think that's certainly a question in our mind, and we address it this way, because we believe in it. That is, that the focus that we're finding in the 4G world, we were early into this business, we saw it as the opportunity, we didn't want to spend another billion dollars on the complete 3G network. We felt that we could leapfrog to 4G, and now that possibility is coming very, very evident to us. So the thought is that we're early in the leadership. We've worked with some of the handset manufacturers now for two, almost I would say two-and-a-half years. There is a broad differential between the people moving up to the contract space that want very high cost handsets, and full featured, and they're using this as the top of the line to attract while they sell off their embedded base, which is on the 3G legacy type networks. So we are cutting new ground.
The good news is that what we're looking at is standardization worldwide on a single technology. And we firmly believe that the manufacturers out there that are working with us see this as an opportunity to gain volume and leadership early, because they know there's going to be a tremendous experience curve, cost reduction with this technology. So we think that, in a nutshell, the big guys are going for the very high cost handsets. I think this will be a premium service into the near future, certainly '13 and maybe beyond. So that we expect that this is going to be a space that we can occupy, not just by ourselves, but the focus here is much different than what we see in the handset manufacturer's market, looking at the kind of full featured phones we have versus the very stylish, very, very high-end phones. And you can see them in the retina displays, in tablets, which are going to go into future iPhones. You are going to see the Galaxy type displays that are going to go into further Galaxy lines, and it's just going left versus going right, and we see this space as being an opportunity for us, not an impediment.
Mike McCormack - Analyst
Great. Thanks, guys.
Operator
John Hodulik, UBS.
John Hodulik - Analyst
First a quick follow up -- I understand the focus on margins going forward, but, given the typical seasonality and weakness in net adds, the first quarter that we saw here -- are you guys confident that,especially as you look out into the fourth quarter for 2012 as a whole you can see positive growth in the sub base? That's number one. Two -- if you could talk about your spectrum needs and maybe some of the options out there and maybe contrast and compare them. More specifically, I would say Verizon is going to be selling some 700 megahertz spectrum. Is it possible that that could potentially fit into your plans? Thanks.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Yes, on the spectrum, we are absolutely interested in any options out there. We currently own some 700. It is a viable option. Like all sources of spectrum, there are potential issues, but we will certainly be taking a very close look at that. The other potential sources we've commented on in the past, we continue to aggressively work all options.
Tom Keys - President, COO
I think the growth story is one that we'd like to stay where we are, and that is that we are going to emphasize focusing on the profitability that this Company can produce. LTE is going to be an important element and is going to give rise to uncertainty as to where we land in sub growth this year. But the fact is that I think we have a very strong position, and I am very encouraged by the handsets that we're seeing coming into test now as a means of supporting that program later this year.
John Hodulik - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Tom Keys - President, COO
We also said that into the future, we presently today have 3 LTE hand set, but as Roger mentioned, we've done very well in the first quarter on a limited basis with higher priced hand sets. We've got six, seven, eight handsets in our testing road map for this year, with multiple vendors on multiple chip sets. So we don't think we have just a reliance on the 8960 that's out there. We've tried to give ourselves a little bit of breathing room and spread the rink out as we go into the back half of the year. We've also seen, on our $50, $60, and $70 rate plan -- the $70 is brand-new -- we still have approximately 95% of all users on those plans and higher. So we are seeing people pick and choose their data plan based upon their needs, and we think that's going to be a very important factor going forward.
Operator
Jennifer Fritzsche, Wells Fargo.
Jennifer Fritzsche - Analyst
Roger, maybe a bigger question -- just a bigger picture question -- given the competitive nature of the space and limited free cash flow now being generated does it make sense, kind of following on John's question to limit the business to the current footprint with the LTE initiatives you talked about, like back haul, and picocells and pass on buying more spectrum? Can you talk about the financial case around buying more spectrum, considering the pressures and seemingly excess capacity in the industry that isn't being solved through consolidation?
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
That is an excellent question. Can you substitute technology for spectrum, and I think the answer is we're going to do our very level best to find out. But the fact is that if spectrum becomes available, given the fact that we have raised considerable funds, that we have earmarked for the possibility of acquiring such spectrum, that certainly we're open to that. In the meantime, as I mentioned, the nearer term alternative is to focus on basically the LTE network where we can, quote, manufacture capacity whereby we simply can't do that except to further densify our network on CDMA. So we do have the opportunity. It is densification, but I think the microwave back haul which will take us into 2013 to complete will be a key element, because you can almost always get power, but you can't always get back haul capability. So our focus is basically on the technology side while we go hunting for a spectrum at costs we can afford.
Jennifer Fritzsche - Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Simon Flannery, Morgan Stanley.
Simon Flannery - Analyst
So continuing on that theme around the of use of cash, is there any consideration at any point of using some of your cash balance to look at buybacks? Is there anything preventing you from doing that, if you get an opportunity to buy the stock at an attractive level? 8And then on the network, I think you talked about 6 to 1 megabit speeds being possible with the 5 X 5. Is that something you should be able to deliver with the new handsets in the fall, or is that more once you complete all of the microwave back haul next year? Thanks.
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Yes, I think the answer is mostly. We have a large penetration in the core. Let me speak to the two networks segments that we have. One is really the core where most of our users require service as opposed to outside the core. In the core, we have, I think, a very satisfactory amount of back haul to achieve these back haul 6 to 8 megabit rates. So the question is certainly not the handsets. It is the back haul. It is the available spectrum, and that obviously multiplies quite considerably what we have in our CDMA network, even augmented with the BO carriers as we have reported before.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
And on the buyback question, Simon, we have, in the past, taken a look at buybacks. We will continue to do that in the future. I think the bottom line, we want to utilize our cash flow. We think we can get the highest potential return for it.
Simon Flannery - Analyst
There's nothing in indentures or anything to limit that?
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
We've got adequate flexibility under our structure to do buy backs.
Simon Flannery - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Tim Horan, Oppenheimer.
Timothy Horan - Analyst
Just some questions on the pricing. The $25 talk and text promo, are you worried about that at all cannibalizing the base? Secondly, it seems the $70 price point for the LTE seems to be bumping up against what some of your competitors are charging out there -- just some of the thinking. Thanks.
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
Let me take the last one. Remember, ours is taxes and fees included. So the $70 is $70. Our competitors start at $70 and end around $90. So there is a significant differentiation, and at this point, the one competitor that's doing this is really not offering a 4G LTE service. One of the things that we're going to find important going into this is that there's an element of future proofing in handsets that will be selling an LTE now, because they can take advantage of the higher data rates whenever they become available, whether through technology or additional bandwidth that we could provide through a refarming. So we have an opportunity that we haven't had before to, quote, give customers the ability to enjoy greater performance as the network evolves. So I really believe there's a substantial differential here.
Tom Keys - President, COO
The question between the $25,plan and our normal $40 all-in plan for talk, text, and web, we really tried to wall this off for new acquisition. It is only available on three hand sets, and you have to purchase a new handset. It's not transferable to an existing handset. And there's a difference between the two plans of $15 -- the $25 plan, as we mentioned, is not allowed to he have receive an additional discount on a family plan. So we think there's enough separation in space in terms of pricing and enough separation in space in terms of what's actually provided in the plan that we think it will be interesting to see if we test a new segment, which is the goal. And certainly if we do believe we see a down drift to a place we're not comfort along, we have the option to pull it.
Roger Linquist - Chairman, CEO
And it's a promotional feature, too. We shouldn't ignore the fact that we see customers coming in, seeing that plan as being attractive, and then also seeing that an Android smartphone is a more desirable appliance to use, so there is always the opportunity to upgrade into a phone service that is more suitable for what we'd like to see our average customers have.
Timothy Horan - Analyst
Thank you.
Braxton Carter - CFO, Vice Chairman
Well, thank you again for attending today's call. We appreciate your interest in support of MetroPCS, and we look forward to our next quarter of continued progress. Operator --
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes the MetroPCS Communications first quarter of 2012 conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect, and have a pleasant day.