輝達 (NVDA) 2021 Q2 法說會逐字稿

Good afternoon. My name is David, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to NVIDIA's financial results conference call. (Operator Instructions)

下午好。我的名字是大衛，今天我將成為您的會議接線員。在這個時候，我想歡迎大家參加 NVIDIA 的財務業績電話會議。 （操作員說明）

Simona Jankowski, you may begin your conference.

Simona Jankowski，你可以開始你的會議了。

Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to NVIDIA's conference call for the second quarter of fiscal 2021. With me on the call today from NVIDIA are Jensen Huang, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Colette Kress, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. I'd like to remind you that our call is being webcast live on NVIDIA's Investor Relations website. The webcast will be available for replay until the conference call to discuss our financial results for the third quarter of fiscal 2021. The content of today's call is NVIDIA's property. It can't be reproduced or transcribed without our prior written consent.

謝謝你。大家下午好，歡迎參加 NVIDIA 2021 財年第二季度電話會議。今天與我一起參加電話會議的是 NVIDIA 總裁兼首席執行官黃仁勳；和 Colette Kress，執行副總裁兼首席財務官。我想提醒您，我們的電話會議正在 NVIDIA 的投資者關係網站上進行網絡直播。該網絡直播將在電話會議召開之前進行重播，以討論我們 2021 財年第三季度的財務業績。今天電話會議的內容是 NVIDIA 的財產。未經我們事先書面同意，不得複製或轉錄。

During this call, we may make forward-looking statements based on current expectations. These are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results may differ materially. For a discussion of factors that could affect our future financial results and business, please refer to the disclosure in today's earnings release, our most recent forms 10-K and 10-Q and the reports that we may file on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All our statements are made as of today, August 19, 2020, based on information currently available to us. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any such statements.

在本次電話會議期間，我們可能會根據當前預期做出前瞻性陳述。這些受到許多重大風險和不確定性的影響，我們的實際結果可能存在重大差異。有關可能影響我們未來財務業績和業務的因素的討論，請參閱今天的收益發布中的披露、我們最近的 10-K 和 10-Q 表格以及我們可能在 8-K 表格中與證券交易委員會。我們所有的聲明都是基於我們目前可獲得的信息，截至今天，即 2020 年 8 月 19 日。除法律要求外，我們不承擔更新任何此類聲明的義務。

During this call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures. You can find a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures in our CFO commentary, which is posted on our website.

在本次電話會議中，我們將討論非 GAAP 財務指標。您可以在我們的 CFO 評論中找到這些非 GAAP 財務指標與 GAAP 財務指標的對賬，該評論發佈在我們的網站上。

With that, let me turn the call over to Colette.

有了這個，讓我把電話轉給科萊特。

Thanks, Simona. Q2 was another extraordinary quarter. The world continued to battle the COVID-19 pandemic, and most of our employees continued to work from home. But through the team's agility and dedication, we successfully combined Mellanox into NVIDIA while also delivering a very strong quarter. revenue was $3.87 billion, up 50% year-on-year, up 26% sequentially and well ahead of our outlook.

謝謝，西蒙娜。第二季度是另一個非凡的季度。世界繼續與 COVID-19 大流行作鬥爭，我們的大多數員工繼續在家工作。但是通過團隊的敏捷性和奉獻精神，我們成功地將 Mellanox 合併到 NVIDIA 中，同時也實現了非常強勁的季度業績。收入為 38.7 億美元，同比增長 50%，環比增長 26%，遠超我們的預期。

Starting with gaming. Revenue was $1.65 billion, was up 26% year-on-year and up 24% sequentially, significantly ahead of our expectations. The upside is broad-based across geographic regions, products and channels. Gaming's growth amid the pandemic highlights the emergence of a leading form of entertainment worldwide. For example, the number of daily gamers on Steam, a leading PC game online distributor is up 25% from pre-pandemic levels. And NPD reported that U.S. consumer spending on video games grew 30% in the second calendar quarter to a record $11 billion.

從遊戲開始。收入為 16.5 億美元，同比增長 26%，環比增長 24%，大大超出我們的預期。好處是廣泛的跨越地理區域、產品和渠道。大流行期間遊戲的增長突顯了全球領先的娛樂形式的出現。例如，領先的 PC 遊戲在線分銷商 Steam 上的每日遊戲玩家數量比大流行前的水平增加了 25%。 NPD 報告稱，美國消費者在視頻遊戲上的支出在第二季度增長了 30%，達到創紀錄的 110 億美元。

NVIDIA's PCs and laptops are ideal for the millions of people who are now working, learning and gaming at home. At the outset of the pandemic, many retail outlets were closed, and demand shifted to online channels. As the quarter progressed and the stores reopened, retail demand picked up, iCafes largely reopened and online sales continued to thrive. Gaming laptop demand is very strong as students and professionals turn to GeForce-based systems to improve how they work, learn and game from home. We ramped over 100 new models with our OEM partners, focused on both premium and mainstream price points.

NVIDIA 的 PC 和筆記本電腦非常適合現在在家工作、學習和玩遊戲的數百萬用戶。在大流行開始時，許多零售店都關閉了，需求轉移到了在線渠道。隨著本季度的進展和商店的重新開業，零售需求回升，iCafes 基本上重新開業，在線銷售繼續蓬勃發展。隨著學生和專業人士轉向基於 GeForce 的系統來改善他們在家工作、學習和遊戲的方式，遊戲筆記本電腦的需求非常強勁。我們與 OEM 合作夥伴一起推出了 100 多種新型號，專注於高端和主流價位。

In the premium laptop segment, we delivered unparalleled performance with the GeForce RTX 2080 and the 2070 SUPER GPUs InfiniBand form factors. We also brought ray tracing to gaming laptops for the first time at price points as low as $999 with the GeForce RTX 2060. In the mainstream segment, we brought the GeForce GTX to laptop price points as low as $699.

在高端筆記本電腦領域，我們通過 GeForce RTX 2080 和 2070 SUPER GPU InfiniBand 外形尺寸提供了無與倫比的性能。我們還通過 GeForce RTX 2060 首次以低至 999 美元的價格將光線追踪引入遊戲筆記本電腦。在主流市場，我們將 GeForce GTX 帶到了低至 699 美元的筆記本電腦價格。

Momentum continues for our Turing architecture, which enables stunning new visual effects in games and is driving powerful upgrade cycle among gamers. Its RTX technology adds ray tracing and AI to programmable shading and has quickly redefined the new standard for computer graphics. DLSS used the AI capabilities of Turing to boost frame rates by almost 2x while generating crisp image quality. RTX support in blockbuster games continues to grow, including megahit Death Stranding, the high anticipated Cyberpunk 2077 and the upcoming release of Watch Dogs. These games join Minecraft and other major titles that support NVIDIA RTX ray tracing and DLSS.

我們的圖靈架構繼續保持勢頭，它在遊戲中實現了令人驚嘆的新視覺效果，並推動了遊戲玩家的強大升級週期。其 RTX 技術將光線追踪和 AI 添加到可編程著色中，並迅速重新定義了計算機圖形的新標準。 DLSS 使用 Turing 的 AI 功能將幀速率提高了近 2 倍，同時生成清晰的圖像質量。大片遊戲中的 RTX 支持繼續增長，包括大熱死亡擱淺、備受期待的賽博朋克 2077 和即將發布的看門狗。這些遊戲加入了 Minecraft 和其他支持 NVIDIA RTX 光線追踪和 DLSS 的主要遊戲。

We're in the midst of a 21-day countdown campaign, promoting a GeForce special event on September 1, with each day highlighting a year in the history of GeForce. We don't want to spoil the surprise, but we encourage you to tune in. We are very pleased with the traction of our GeForce NOW cloud gaming service, now in its second quarter of commercially availability. GFN offers the richest content to any game streaming service through partnerships with leading digital game stores, including Valve Steam, Epic Games and Ubisoft Uplay. GeForce NOW enables users with underpowered PC, Macs or Android devices to access powerful GPUs to play their libraries of PC games in the cloud, expanding the universe of gamers that we can reach with GeForce.

我們正在進行為期 21 天的倒計時活動，宣傳 9 月 1 日的 GeForce 特別活動，每一天都會突出 GeForce 歷史上的一年。我們不想破壞驚喜，但我們鼓勵您收聽。我們對 GeForce NOW 雲遊戲服務的吸引力感到非常滿意，該服務現已進入第二季度的商業可用性。 GFN 通過與 Valve Steam、Epic Games 和 Ubisoft Uplay 等領先數字遊戲商店的合作，為任何遊戲流媒體服務提供最豐富的內容。 GeForce NOW 使使用性能不佳的 PC、Mac 或 Android 設備的用戶能夠訪問功能強大的 GPU 以在雲中玩他們的 PC 遊戲庫，從而擴大了我們可以使用 GeForce 覆蓋的遊戲玩家的範圍。

Just yesterday, we announced that GFN is now supported on Chromebooks, further expanding our reach in to tens of millions of users. In addition to NVIDIA's own service, GFN is available or coming soon to a number of telecom partners around the world, including SoftBank and KDDI DION in Japan, Rostelecom and Beeline in Russia, LG U+ in South Korea and Taiwan Mobile.

就在昨天，我們宣布 Chromebook 現已支持 GFN，進一步將我們的覆蓋範圍擴大到數千萬用戶。除了 NVIDIA 自己的服務之外，GFN 還可以或即將向全球的許多電信合作夥伴提供，包括日本的 SoftBank 和 KDDI DION、俄羅斯的 Rostelecom 和 Beeline、韓國的 LG U+ 和台灣移動。

Moving to Pro Viz. In Q2 was $203 million in revenue, down 30% year-on-year and down 34% sequentially, with declines in both mobile and desktop workstations. Sales were hurt by lower enterprise demand amid the closure of many offices around the world. Industries negatively impact during the quarter include automotive, architectural, engineering and construction, manufacturing, media and entertainment and oil and gas. Initiatives by enterprises to enable remote workers drove demand for virtual and cloud-based graphic solutions. Accordingly, our Q2 vGPU bookings accelerated, increasing 60% year-on-year.

移至 Pro Viz。第二季度收入為 2.03 億美元，同比下降 30%，環比下降 34%，移動和桌面工作站均出現下降。由於全球許多辦事處關閉，企業需求下降，導致銷售額下降。本季度受到負面影響的行業包括汽車、建築、工程和施工、製造、媒體和娛樂以及石油和天然氣。企業支持遠程工作者的舉措推動了對虛擬和基於雲的圖形解決方案的需求。因此，我們的第二季度 vGPU 預訂量加速增長，同比增長 60%。

Despite near-term challenges, we are winning new business in areas such as health care, including Siemens, Philips and General Electric, and the public sector. We continue to expand our market opportunity with over 50 leading design and creative applications that are NVIDIA RTX-enabled, including the latest release from Foundry, Chaos Group and Maxon. These applications provide faster ray tracing and accelerated performance, improving creators design workflows. The pandemic will have a lasting impact on how we work. Our revenue mix going forward will likely reflect this evolution in enterprise workforce trends with a greater focus on technologies, such as NVIDIA laptops and virtual workstations, that enable remote work and virtual collaboration.

儘管近期面臨挑戰，但我們正在贏得醫療保健等領域的新業務，包括西門子、飛利浦和通用電氣，以及公共部門。我們繼續通過 50 多種支持 NVIDIA RTX 的領先設計和創意應用程序來擴大我們的市場機會，包括來自 Foundry、Chaos Group 和 Maxon 的最新版本。這些應用程序提供更快的光線追踪和加速性能，從而改進創作者的設計工作流程。大流行將對我們的工作方式產生持久的影響。我們未來的收入組合可能會反映企業勞動力趨勢的這種演變，更加關注支持遠程工作和虛擬協作的技術，例如 NVIDIA 筆記本電腦和虛擬工作站。

Moving to automotive. Automotive revenue was $111 million, down 47% year-on-year and down 28% sequentially. This was slightly better than our outlook of a 40% sequential decline as the impact of the pandemic was less pronounced than expected, with auto production volumes starting to recover after bottoming in April. Some of the decline is also due to the roll-off of legacy infotainment revenue, which remained a headwind in future quarters.

轉向汽車。汽車收入為 1.11 億美元，同比下降 47%，環比下降 28%。這略好於我們對連續下降 40% 的預期，因為大流行的影響不如預期的那麼明顯，汽車產量在 4 月觸底後開始回升。部分下降也是由於傳統信息娛樂收入的下降，這在未來幾個季度仍然是一個不利因素。

In June, we announced a landmark partnership with Mercedes-Benz which, starting in 2024, will launch software-defined intelligent vehicles across an entire fleet in using end-to-end NVIDIA technology. Mercedes will utilize NVIDIA's full technology stack, including the DRIVE AGX computer, DRIVE AV autonomous driving software and NVIDIA's AI infrastructure, spanning from the core to the cloud. Centralizing and unifying computing in the car will make it easier to integrate and upgrade advanced software features as they are developed. With over-the-air updates, vehicles can receive the latest autonomous driving and intelligent cockpit features, increasing value and extending majority of ownership with each software upgrade. This is a transformative announcement for the automotive industry, making the turning point of traditional vehicles becoming high-performance, updatable data centers on wheels. It's also a transformative announcement for NVIDIA's to evolving business model as the software content of our platforms grows, positioning us to build a recurring revenue stream.

6 月，我們宣布與梅賽德斯-奔馳建立具有里程碑意義的合作夥伴關係，從 2024 年開始，將使用端到端 NVIDIA 技術在整個車隊中推出軟件定義的智能汽車。梅賽德斯將利用 NVIDIA 的完整技術堆棧，包括 DRIVE AGX 計算機、DRIVE AV 自動駕駛軟件和 NVIDIA 的人工智能基礎設施，從核心到雲端。集中和統一汽車中的計算將使開發的高級軟件功能更容易集成和升級。通過無線更新，車輛可以獲得最新的自動駕駛和智能駕駛艙功能，每次軟件升級都會增加價值並擴大大部分所有權。這是汽車行業的一次變革性公告，使傳統汽車的轉折點成為高性能、可更新的車輪數據中心。隨著我們平台軟件內容的增長，這也是 NVIDIA 轉變商業模式的一個變革性公告，使我們能夠建立經常性收入流。

Moving to data center. Data center is diverse, consist of cloud service providers, public cloud providers, supercomputing centers, enterprises, telecom and industrial edge. Q2 revenue was a record $1.75 billion, up 167% year-on-year and up 54% sequentially. In Q2, we incorporated a full quarter of contribution from the Mellanox acquisition, which closed on April 27, the first day of our quarter. Non-ops contributed approximately 14% of company revenue and just over 30% of data center revenue. Both compute and networking within data center set a record with accelerating year-on-year growth.

搬到數據中心。數據中心是多元化的，包括雲服務提供商、公共雲提供商、超級計算中心、企業、電信和工業邊緣。第二季度收入達到創紀錄的 17.5 億美元，同比增長 167%，環比增長 54%。在第二季度，我們納入了對 Mellanox 收購的一整季度貢獻，該收購於 4 月 27 日結束，即我們季度的第一天。非運營業務貢獻了大約 14% 的公司收入和略高於 30% 的數據中心收入。數據中心內的計算和網絡都創下了同比加速增長的記錄。

The biggest news in data center this quarter was the launch of our Ampere architecture. We are very proud of the team's execution in launching and ramping this technological marvel, especially amid the pandemic. The A100 is the largest chip ever made with 54 billion transistors. It runs our full software stack for accelerating the most compute-intensive workloads. Our software leases include CUDA 11, the new versions of over 50 CUDA-X libraries and a new application frameworks for major AI workloads, such as Jarvis for conversational AI and Merlin for deep recommender systems. The A100 delivers NVIDIA's greatest generational leap ever, boosting AI performance by 20x over its predecessor. It is also our first universal accelerator, unifying AI training and inference and powering workloads, such as data analytics, scientific computing, genomics, edge video analytics, 5G services and graphics.

本季度數據中心最大的新聞是我們的 Ampere 架構的推出。我們為團隊在推出和推廣這一技術奇蹟方面的執行力感到非常自豪，尤其是在大流行期間。 A100 是有史以來最大的芯片，擁有 540 億個晶體管。它運行我們的完整軟件堆棧，以加速計算密集型工作負載。我們的軟件租約包括 CUDA 11、50 多個 CUDA-X 庫的新版本和用於主要 AI 工作負載的新應用程序框架，例如用於會話 AI 的 Jarvis 和用於深度推薦系統的 Merlin。 A100 實現了 NVIDIA 有史以來最偉大的代際飛躍，將 AI 性能提高了 20 倍，是其前身的 20 倍。它也是我們的第一個通用加速器，統一了 AI 訓練和推理，並為數據分析、科學計算、基因組學、邊緣視頻分析、5G 服務和圖形等工作負載提供動力。

The first Ampere GPU, A100, has been widely adopted by all major server vendors and cloud service providers. Google Cloud Platform was the first cloud customer to bring it to market, making it the fastest GPU to come to the cloud in our history. And just this morning, Microsoft Azure announced the availability of massively scalable AI clusters, which are based on the A100, and interconnected with 200 gigabyte per second Mellanox InfiniBand networking. A100 is also getting incorporated into offerings from AWS, Alibaba Cloud, Baidu Cloud and Tencent Cloud. And we announced that the A100 is going to market with more than 50 servers from leading vendors around the world, including Cisco, Dell, Hewlett Packard Enterprise and Lenovo. Adoption of the A100 into leading server makers offerings is faster than any prior launch, with 30 systems expected this summer and over 20 more by the end of the year.

首款 Ampere GPU A100 已被所有主要服務器供應商和雲服務提供商廣泛採用。谷歌云平台是第一個將其推向市場的雲客戶，使其成為我們歷史上最快的雲計算 GPU。就在今天早上，Microsoft Azure 宣布推出基於 A100 的大規模可擴展 AI 集群，並與每秒 200 GB 的 Mellanox InfiniBand 網絡互連。 A100 也被納入 AWS、阿里雲、百度雲和騰訊雲的產品中。我們還宣布，A100 將搭載來自全球領先供應商的 50 多台服務器，包括 Cisco、Dell、Hewlett Packard Enterprise 和 Lenovo。將 A100 應用到領先的服務器製造商產品中的速度比之前的任何發布都要快，預計今年夏天將推出 30 個系統，到今年年底將增加 20 多個。

The A100 is already winning industry recognition. In the latest A100 training benchmark, MLPerf 0.7, NVIDIA set 16 records, sweeping all categories for commercially available solutions in both per chip and outscale performance based on the A100. MLPerf offers the industry's first and only objective AI benchmark. Since the benchmark was introduced 2 years ago, NVIDIA has consistently delivered leading results and record performance for both training and inference. NVIDIA also topped the chart in the latest top 500 list of the fastest supercomputers. The ranking, released in June, showed that 8 of the world's top 10 supercomputers use NVIDIA GPUs, NVIDIA networking or both. They include the most powerful systems in the U.S. and Europe. NVIDIA, now combined with Mellanox, powers 2/3 of the top 500 systems on the list compared with just less than a half for the 2 companies in total 2 years ago.

A100 已經贏得了行業的認可。在最新的 A100 訓練基準 MLPerf 0.7 中，NVIDIA 創下了 16 項記錄，在單芯片和基於 A100 的卓越性能方面橫掃所有商業解決方案類別。 MLPerf 提供業界第一個也是唯一一個客觀的 AI 基準。自兩年前推出基準測試以來，NVIDIA 一直在訓練和推理方面提供領先的結果和創紀錄的性能。 NVIDIA 還在最新的最快超級計算機 500 強榜單中名列榜首。 6 月發布的排名顯示，全球前 10 位超級計算機中有 8 台使用 NVIDIA GPU、NVIDIA 網絡或兩者兼有。它們包括美國和歐洲最強大的系統。 NVIDIA 現在與 Mellanox 合併，為榜單上 500 強系統中的 2/3 提供支持，而 2 年前這兩家公司的總數不到一半。

In energy efficiencies, systems using NVIDIA GPUs are pulling away from the pack. On average, they are nearly 2.8x more powerful and efficient than systems without NVIDIA GPUs, measured by gigaflops per watt. The incredible performance and efficiency of the A100 GPU is best amplified by NVIDIA's own new Selene supercomputer, which debuted as #7 on the top 500 list and is the only top 100 systems to cross the 20 gigaflops per watt barrier. Our engineers were able to assemble Selene in less than 4 weeks using NVIDIA's open modular DGX SuperPOD reference architecture instead of the typical build time of months or even years. This is the system that we will use to win the MLPerf benchmarks, and it is a reference design. It's available for our customers to quickly build a world-class supercomputer.

在能源效率方面，使用 NVIDIA GPU 的系統正在脫穎而出。平均而言，它們的功能和效率比沒有 NVIDIA GPU 的系統高近 2.8 倍，以每瓦特 gigaflops 衡量。 A100 GPU 令人難以置信的性能和效率得到了 NVIDIA 自己的新型 Selene 超級計算機的最佳放大，該超級計算機在 500 強名單中首次亮相，並且是唯一一個突破每瓦 20 gigaflops 障礙的前 100 名系統。我們的工程師能夠使用 NVIDIA 的開放式模塊化 DGX SuperPOD 參考架構在不到 4 週的時間內組裝 Selene，而不是典型的幾個月甚至幾年的構建時間。這是我們將用來贏得 MLPerf 基準測試的系統，它是一個參考設計。它可供我們的客戶快速構建世界級的超級計算機。

We also brought GPU acceleration to data analytics, one of the largest and fastest-growing enterprise workload. We enabled an acceleration of the entire data analytics workload pipeline for the first time with NVIDIA's GPUs and software stack in the latest version of Apache Spark released in June. Spark is the world's leading data analytics platform used by more than 500,000 data scientists and 16,000 enterprises worldwide.

我們還將 GPU 加速引入了數據分析，這是最大、增長最快的企業工作負載之一。在 6 月發布的最新版本 Apache Spark 中，我們首次使用 NVIDIA 的 GPU 和軟件堆棧加速了整個數據分析工作負載管道。 Spark 是世界領先的數據分析平台，全球有超過 500,000 名數據科學家和 16,000 家企業使用。

And we have 2 major milestones to share. We have now shipped a cumulative total of 1 billion CUDA GPUs, and the total number of developers in the NVIDIA ecosystem just reached 2 million. It took over a decade to reach the first million and less than 2 years to reach the second million. Mellanox has fantastic results across the board in its first quarter as part of NVIDIA. Mellanox revenue growth accelerated with strength across Ethernet and InfiniBand products. Our Ethernet shipments reached a new record. Major hyperscale build drove the upside in the quarter as growth in cloud computing and AI is fueling increased demand for high-performance networking. Mellanox networking was a critical part of several of our major new product introductions this quarter. These include the DGX AI system, the DGX SuperPOD clusters for our Selene supercomputer and the EGX Edge AI platform. We also launched the Mellanox ConnectX-6 Ethernet NIC, the 11th generation product of the ConnectX family, and it's designed to meet the needs of modern cloud and hyperscale data centers, where 25, 50 and 100 gigabyte per second is becoming the standard.

我們有兩個重要的里程碑要分享。我們現在已經累計出貨了 10 億顆 CUDA GPU，NVIDIA 生態系統的開發者總數剛剛達到 200 萬。達到第一個百萬人用了十多年，而達到第二個百萬人用了不到 2 年。作為 NVIDIA 的一部分，Mellanox 在第一季度取得了出色的成績。 Mellanox 的收入增長隨著以太網和 InfiniBand 產品的強勁增長而加速。我們的以太網出貨量創下新紀錄。由於雲計算和人工智能的增長推動了對高性能網絡的需求增加，大型超大規模建設推動了本季度的上漲。 Mellanox 網絡是我們本季度推出的幾個主要新產品的關鍵部分。其中包括 DGX AI 系統、用於我們的 Selene 超級計算機的 DGX SuperPOD 集群和 EGX Edge AI 平台。我們還推出了 ConnectX 系列的第 11 代產品 Mellanox ConnectX-6 以太網 NIC，它旨在滿足現代云和超大規模數據中心的需求，其中每秒 25、50 和 100 GB 正在成為標準。

We expanded our switch networking capabilities with the addition of Cumulus Networks, a privately held network software company that we purchased in June. Cumulus augments our Mellanox acquisition in building out open modern data center. The combination of NVIDIA accelerated computing, Mellanox networking and Cumulus software enables data centers that are accelerated, disaggregated and software-defined to meet the exponential growth in AI, cloud and high-performance computing.

我們增加了 Cumulus Networks 來擴展我們的交換機網絡功能，這是我們在 6 月收購的一家私營網絡軟件公司。 Cumulus 在構建開放式現代數據中心方面增強了我們對 Mellanox 的收購。 NVIDIA 加速計算、Mellanox 網絡和 Cumulus 軟件的結合使數據中心能夠加速、分解和軟件定義，以滿足人工智能、雲計算和高性能計算的指數增長。

Moving to the rest of the P&L. Q2 GAAP gross margin was 58.8% and non-GAAP gross margin was 66%. GAAP gross margin declined year-on-year and sequentially due to costs associated with the Mellanox acquisition. Non-GAAP gross margins increased by almost 6 points year-on-year, reflecting a shift in product mix with higher data center sales and lower automotive sales. Q2 GAAP operating expenses were $1.62 billion, and non-GAAP operating expenses were $1.04 billion, up 67% and 38% from a year ago, respectively. Q2 GAAP EPS was $0.99, up 10% from a year earlier. Non-GAAP EPS was $2.18, up 76% from a year ago. Q2 cash flow from operations was $1.57 billion.

轉到損益表的其餘部分。第二季度 GAAP 毛利率為 58.8%，非 GAAP 毛利率為 66%。由於與收購 Mellanox 相關的成本，GAAP 毛利率同比下降。 Non-GAAP 毛利率同比增長近 6 個百分點，反映了產品組合的轉變，數據中心銷售額增加而汽車銷售額減少。第二季度 GAAP 運營費用為 16.2 億美元，非 GAAP 運營費用為 10.4 億美元，分別同比增長 67% 和 38%。第二季度 GAAP 每股收益為 0.99 美元，比去年同期增長 10%。非公認會計原則每股收益為 2.18 美元，比一年前增長 76%。第二季度運營現金流為 15.7 億美元。

With that, let me turn to the outlook for the third quarter of fiscal 2021. We expect revenue to be $4.4 billion, plus or minus 2%. With that, we expect gaming to be up just over 25% sequentially with data center to be up in the low to mid-single digits sequentially. We expect both pro viz and the auto to be at similar levels out in Q2. GAAP and non-GAAP gross margins are expected to be 62.5% and 65.5%, respectively, plus or minus 50 basis points. GAAP and non-GAAP operating expenses are expected to be approximately $1.54 billion and $1.09 billion, respectively. Full year GAAP and non-GAAP OpEx is tracking in line with our outlook of $5.7 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively. GAAP and non-GAAP OI&E are both expected to be expense of approximately $55 million. GAAP and non-GAAP tax rates are both expected to be 8%, plus or minus 1%, excluding discrete items. Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $225 million to $250 million. Further financial details are included in the CFO commentary and other information available on our IR website.

有了這個，讓我轉向 2021 財年第三季度的展望。我們預計收入為 44 億美元，正負 2%。有了這個，我們預計遊戲將連續增長超過 25%，而數據中心將連續增長中低個位數。我們預計 pro viz 和 auto 在第二季度將處於相似水平。 GAAP 和非 GAAP 毛利率預計分別為 62.5% 和 65.5%，上下浮動 50 個基點。 GAAP 和非 GAAP 運營費用預計分別約為 15.4 億美元和 10.9 億美元。全年 GAAP 和非 GAAP 運營支出分別符合我們 57 億美元和 41 億美元的預期。 GAAP 和非 GAAP OI&E 預計費用約為 5500 萬美元。 GAAP 和非 GAAP 稅率預計均為 8%，正負 1%，不包括離散項目。資本支出預計約為 2.25 億美元至 2.5 億美元。更多財務細節包含在 CFO 評論和我們投資者關係網站上提供的其他信息中。

In closing, let me highlight upcoming events for the financial community. We will be at the BMO Virtual Technology Summit on August 25, Citi's 2020 Global Technology Conference on September 9, Deutsche Bank's Technology Conference on September 14 and the Evercore's Virtual Memo Forum, The Future of Mobility, on September 21. We will also host a financial analyst Q&A with Jensen on October 5 as part of our next virtual GTC. Our earnings call to discuss our third quarter's results is scheduled for Wednesday, November 18.

最後，讓我強調一下金融界即將發生的事件。我們將參加 8 月 25 日的 BMO 虛擬技術峰會、9 月 9 日的花旗 2020 年全球技術大會、9 月 14 日的德意志銀行技術大會以及 9 月 21 日的 Evercore 虛擬備忘錄論壇“移動的未來”。我們還將舉辦一場作為我們下一次虛擬 GTC 的一部分，10 月 5 日與 Jensen 進行金融分析師問答。我們將在 11 月 18 日星期三召開財報電話會議，討論我們第三季度的業績。

We will now open the call for questions. Operator, would you please poll for questions? Thank you.

我們現在將打開問題的電話。接線員，請您投票提問嗎？謝謝你。

(Operator Instructions) Your first question comes from the line of Vivek Arya with Bank of America.

（操作員說明）您的第一個問題來自美國銀行的 Vivek Arya。

Congratulations on the strong growth and execution. Jensen, I'm wondering how much of the strength that you're seeing in gaming and data center is maybe more temporary because COVID or some customer pull-ins in the data center or so forth? And how much of it is more structural and more secular that can continue even once we get into, hopefully, sooner rather than later, into a more normalized period for the industry?

祝賀強勁的增長和執行力。 Jensen，我想知道您在遊戲和數據中心看到的優勢有多少可能是暫時的，因為 COVID 或數據中心的一些客戶拉入等等？有多少是結構性和世俗性的，即使我們希望早日進入行業更正常化的時期，還能繼續？

Yes. Vivek, thank you. So first of all, we didn't see pull-ins, and we're in the beginning of our brand-new product cycle with Ampere. And so the vast majority of the data center growth came from that. The gaming industry, they -- with all that's happening around the world, and it's really unfortunate, but it's made gaming the largest entertainment medium in the world. More than ever, people are spending time digitally, spending on time -- spending their time in video games. The thing that people haven't realized about video games is that it's not just the game itself anymore. The variety of different ways that you can play, whether you can hang out with your friends in Fortnite, go to a concert in Fortnite, building virtual worlds in Minecraft, you're spending time with your friends, you're using it to create -- to realize your imaginations.

是的。維維克，謝謝。所以首先，我們沒有看到拉動，我們正處於與 Ampere 的全新產品週期的開始。因此，絕大多數數據中心的增長都來自於此。遊戲行業，他們——世界各地正在發生的一切，這真的很不幸，但它使遊戲成為世界上最大的娛樂媒體。人們比以往任何時候都更多地花時間在數字上，花時間——把時間花在電子遊戲上。人們還沒有意識到電子遊戲不再只是遊戲本身。各種不同的遊戲方式，無論您是在 Fortnite 中與朋友閒逛、在 Fortnite 中參加音樂會、在 Minecraft 中構建虛擬世界，還是與朋友共度時光，您都在用它來創造——實現你的想像。

People are using it for broadcast, for sharing ideas and techniques with other people, and so -- and then of course, it's just an incredibly fun way to spend time even by consumption of the video -- of a video game. And so there's just so much that you could do with video games now. And I think that this way of enjoying entertainment digitally has been accelerated as a result of the pandemic, but I don't think it's going to return. Video game adoption has been going up over time and pretty steadily. PC is now the single largest entertainment platform -- is the largest gaming platform. And GeForce is now the largest gaming platform in the world. And as I mentioned, it's not just about gaming. There's just so many different ways that you could enjoy games.

人們將它用於廣播、與他人分享想法和技術等等——當然，這只是一種非常有趣的方式來消磨時間，即使是通過消費視頻——視頻遊戲。所以現在你可以用電子遊戲做很多事情。而且我認為這種以數字方式享受娛樂的方式由於大流行而加速了，但我認為它不會回來。隨著時間的推移，視頻遊戲的採用率一直在穩步上升。 PC是現在最大的單一娛樂平台——是最大的遊戲平台。 GeForce 現在是世界上最大的遊戲平台。正如我所提到的，這不僅僅是關於遊戲。有很多不同的方式可以讓您享受遊戲。

With data center, the thing that -- the structural change that's happening in data center are a couple of different dynamics that are happening at the same time. The first dynamic, of course, is the movement to the cloud. The way that a cloud data center is built and the way that an enterprise data center or a cluster is built is fundamentally different. And it's really, really beneficial to have the ability to accelerate applications that cloud service providers would like to offer, which is basically everything. And we know that one of the most important applications of today is artificial intelligence. It's a type of software that really wants acceleration, and NVIDIA's GPU acceleration is the perfect medium, perfect platform for it.

對於數據中心，數據中心發生的結構變化是同時發生的幾個不同的動態。當然，第一個動力是向雲的遷移。雲數據中心的構建方式與企業數據中心或集群的構建方式有著本質的不同。能夠加速雲服務提供商想要提供的應用程序真的非常有益，這基本上就是一切。我們知道，當今最重要的應用之一是人工智能。它是一種真正需要加速的軟件，而 NVIDIA 的 GPU 加速是它的完美媒介、完美平台。

And then the last reason about the data center is the architectural change from hosting applications to hosting services that's driving this new type of architecture called disaggregation versus hyper converged. And the original name of hyperscalers is a large data center of a whole bunch of hyperconverged computers. But the computers of today are really disaggregated. A single application service could be running on multiple servers at the same time, which generates a ton of east-west traffic, and a lot of it is artificial intelligence neuro network models.

然後關於數據中心的最後一個原因是從託管應用程序到託管服務的架構變化推動了這種稱為分解與超融合的新型架構。而 hyperscaler 的原名是一大堆超融合計算機的大型數據中心。但是今天的計算機確實是分散的。單個應用服務可能同時在多台服務器上運行，這會產生大量的東西向流量，其中很多是人工智能神經網絡模型。

And so because of this type of architecture, 2 components, 2 types of technologies are really important to the future of cloud. One of them, as I mentioned, was -- is acceleration, and our GPU is ideal for it. And then the other one is high-speed networking. And the reason for that is because the server is now disaggregated, the application is fractionalized and broken up into a bunch of small pieces that are running across the data center. And whenever an application needs to send parts of the answer to another server for the microservice to run, that transmission is called east-west traffic, and the most important thing you could possibly do for yourself is to buy really high-speed, low-latency networking. And that's what Mellanox is fantastic at.

因此，由於這種架構，兩種組件、兩種技術對雲的未來非常重要。正如我所提到的，其中之一是加速，我們的 GPU 非常適合它。另一個是高速網絡。這樣做的原因是因為服務器現在被分解了，應用程序被分割並分解成一堆在數據中心運行的小塊。每當應用程序需要將部分答案發送到另一台服務器以運行微服務時，這種傳輸稱為東西向流量，您可能為自己做的最重要的事情就是購買真正高速、低速的延遲網絡。這就是 Mellanox 的出色之處。

And so we find ourselves really in this perfect condition where the future is going to be more virtual, more digital, and that's one -- that's the reason why GeForce is so successful. And then we find ourselves in a world where the future is going to be more autonomous and more AI-driven, and that's the benefit of our GPUs.

因此，我們發現自己真的處於這種完美狀態，未來將更加虛擬、更加數字化，這就是其中之一——這就是 GeForce 如此成功的原因。然後我們發現自己處於一個未來將更加自主和更加人工智能驅動的世界，這就是我們 GPU 的好處。

And then lastly, cloud microservice transactions really benefit high-speed networking, and that's where Mellanox comes in. And so I think that this is -- the dynamics that I'm describing are permanent, and it's just been accelerated to the present because of everything that's happening to us. But this is the future, and it's not -- there's no going back, and we just found everything accelerated.

最後，雲微服務事務確實有利於高速網絡，而這正是 Mellanox 的用武之地。所以我認為這是——我所描述的動態是永久性的，它只是被加速到現在，因為發生在我們身上的一切。但這是未來，它不是——沒有回頭路，我們只是發現一切都在加速。

Your next question comes from the line of Timothy Arcuri with UBS.

您的下一個問題來自瑞銀集團的蒂莫西·阿庫裡（Timothy Arcuri）。

Jensen, I guess I had a question on both architecture and also manufacturing. And I think on the manufacturing side, you've been radical now for some time. And when you've been asked in the past about moving to more of a tiled or chiplet approach, you sort of made light of that. But the CPU guys are clearly taking that approach. So I guess the question is, why do you think you won't have to make a similar move? And then on the side of architecture, the theme of Hot Chips this week was really how compute demand is far outstripping computing power? And then we see this talk about you and ARM. So I guess can you talk about whether GPU is the future and maybe the broader opportunity to integrate CPU and GPU?

Jensen，我想我對建築和製造都有疑問。而且我認為在製造方面，你已經激進了一段時間了。當你過去被問及轉向更多的平鋪或小芯片方法時，你有點輕視了這一點。但是 CPU 人員顯然正在採用這種方法。所以我想問題是，為什麼你認為你不必採取類似的行動？然後在架構方面，本週Hot Chips的主題是計算需求如何遠遠超過計算能力？然後我們看到了關於你和 ARM 的討論。所以我想你能談談GPU是否是未來，也許是集成CPU和GPU的更廣泛機會？

Yes. We push architecture really hard. And the way we push architecture is we start from the system, but we believe that the future computer company is a data center-scale company. The computing unit is no longer a microprocessor or even a server or even a cluster. The computing unit is an entire data center now. And as I was explaining to Vivek just now that a microservice that we're enjoying hundreds of billions of transactions a day, those are broken up into a whole bunch of microservices that are running across the entire data center.

是的。我們非常努力地推動建築。而我們推動架構的方式是從系統開始，但我們認為未來的計算機公司是數據中心規模的公司。計算單元不再是微處理器，甚至不再是服務器，甚至不再是集群。計算單元現在是一個完整的數據中心。正如我剛才向 Vivek 解釋的那樣，我們每天享受數千億次交易的微服務，這些微服務被分解成一大堆在整個數據中心運行的微服務。

And so the data center is running -- the entire data center is running an application. I mean that's pretty remarkable thing, and that's happened in the last several years. We were ahead of this trend, and we recognized that as a computing company, we have to be a data center-scale company, and we architect from that starting. If you look at our architecture, we were the first in the world to create the concept of an NVLink with 8 processors being fully synchronized across a computing node, and we created the DGX.

所以數據中心正在運行——整個數據中心正在運行一個應用程序。我的意思是這是非常了不起的事情，而且這發生在過去幾年中。我們走在了這一趨勢的前面，我們認識到作為一家計算公司，我們必須成為一家數據中心規模的公司，我們從那時起就開始架構設計。如果您查看我們的架構，我們是世界上第一個創建 NVLink 概念的人，該概念具有跨計算節點的 8 個處理器完全同步，並且我們創建了 DGX。

We recognize the importance of high-speed networking and low-latency networking, and that's why we bought Mellanox. And the amount of software that we invented along the way to make it possible for low-latency communications, whether it's GPUDirect or recently the invention of GPUDirect Storage, all of that technology was inspired by the idea that you have to think about the data center all-in-one holistic way.

我們認識到高速網絡和低延遲網絡的重要性，這就是我們購買 Mellanox 的原因。我們在此過程中為實現低延遲通信而發明的大量軟件，無論是 GPUDirect 還是最近發明的 GPUDirect Storage，所有這些技術的靈感都來自於你必須考慮數據中心的想法多合一的整體方式。

And then in the last -- in this current generation with Ampere, we invented the world's first multi-instance GPU. We invented the world's first multi-instance GPU, which means that our Ampere GPU could simultaneously be 1 GPU or, with NVlink, 8 GPUs combined, working together, so you could think of them as being tiled. So those 8 GPUs are working harmoniously together. Or each one of the GPUs could fractionalize itself, if you don't need that much GPU working on your workload, fractionalize into a multi-GPU instance, we call the MIG, a little tiny instance. And each one of those tiny instances are more powerful and more performant than our entire Volta GPU lap time. And so whether you like to fractionalize the GPU, which happens oftentimes; create a larger GPU using NVLink; or create an even larger GPU, the size of DGX POD, connected together with high-speed, low-latency networking with Mellanox, we could architect it any way you'd like.

然後在最後——在這一代 Ampere 中，我們發明了世界上第一個多實例 GPU。我們發明了世界上第一個多實例 GPU，這意味著我們的 Ampere GPU 可以同時是 1 個 GPU，或者通過 NVlink，8 個 GPU 組合在一起工作，因此您可以將它們視為平鋪。所以這 8 個 GPU 可以和諧地協同工作。或者每個 GPU 都可以自己細分，如果您不需要那麼多 GPU 來處理您的工作負載，則可以細分為一個多 GPU 實例，我們稱之為 MIG，一個小實例。這些微小實例中的每一個都比我們整個 Volta GPU 單圈時間更強大、性能更高。因此，您是否喜歡對 GPU 進行細分，這種情況經常發生；使用 NVLink 創建更大的 GPU；或者創建一個更大的 GPU，如 DGX POD 大小，與 Mellanox 的高速、低延遲網絡連接在一起，我們可以按照您想要的任何方式構建它。

You made a comment about -- you asked a question about ARM. We've been a long-term partner of ARM, and we use ARM in a whole bunch of applications. And whether it's autonomous driving or a robotics application, the Nintendo Switch, console business that we're in. And then recently, we brought CUDA to ARM and to bring accelerated computing to ARM. And so we worked with the ARM team very closely. They're really great guys. And one of the specials about the ARM architecture that you know very well is that it's incredibly energy-efficient. And because it's energy-efficient, it has the headroom to scale into very high-performance levels over time. And so anyways, we love working with the ARM guys.

你發表了評論——你問了一個關於 ARM 的問題。我們一直是 ARM 的長期合作夥伴，我們在一大堆應用程序中使用 ARM。無論是自動駕駛還是機器人應用程序，Nintendo Switch，我們所從事的遊戲機業務。最近，我們將 CUDA 引入了 ARM，並將加速計算引入了 ARM。因此，我們與 ARM 團隊密切合作。他們真的是很棒的傢伙。您非常了解的有關 ARM 架構的特點之一是它非常節能。而且因為它是節能的，所以隨著時間的推移，它有足夠的空間擴展到非常高性能的水平。所以無論如何，我們喜歡與 ARM 人員一起工作。

Your next question comes from the line of Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo.

您的下一個問題來自富國銀行的 Aaron Rakers。

Congratulations on the quarter. Just building on some prior questions. The first one, I was just curious if you could help us appreciate kind of the installed base of the gaming GPU business relative to where we're at the Turing upgrade cycle. What do we see still on prior generations, be it Pascal or before? And then secondly, I was wondering, Colette, could you just give me a kind of updated commentary or views on visibility in the data center business? How has that changed over the last 3 months? What does that look like as you look through the back half of the calendar year?

祝賀本季度。只是建立在一些先前的問題上。第一個，我只是想知道你是否可以幫助我們了解遊戲 GPU 業務的安裝基礎相對於我們處於圖靈升級週期的位置。我們在前幾代人身上仍然看到了什麼，無論是帕斯卡還是之前的？其次，我想知道，Colette，你能給我一些關於數據中心業務可見性的最新評論或觀點嗎？在過去的 3 個月裡，情況發生了怎樣的變化？當您瀏覽日曆年的後半部分時，這是什麼樣的？

Yes. Thanks a lot, Aaron. We are -- we're still in the ramping of the RTX generation. Turing, Turing the current generation that we're in, is the world's first ray tracing GPU. And it fuses -- the RTX technology fuses 3 fundamental technologies: the programmable shader that we introduced a long time ago that revolutionized computer graphics; and we added 2 new technologies. One technology is a ray tracing acceleration core that makes the tracing of rays and looking for intersections between the ray and the scene -- objects in the scene super, super fast. And that -- it's a complicated problem. It's a super-complicated problem. We want it to be running concurrently to shading so that the ray traversal and the shading of the pixels could be done independently and concurrently.

是的。非常感謝，亞倫。我們是——我們仍處於 RTX 一代的發展階段。圖靈，我們所處的這一代圖靈，是世界上第一個光線追踪 GPU。它融合了——RTX 技術融合了 3 種基本技術：我們很久以前引入的可編程著色器，它徹底改變了計算機圖形；我們添加了 2 項新技術。一項技術是光線追踪加速核心，它可以追踪光線並尋找光線與場景之間的交叉點——場景中的物體超級、超級快。那 - 這是一個複雜的問題。這是一個超級複雜的問題。我們希望它與著色同時運行，以便光線遍歷和像素著色可以獨立並同時完成。

The second thing is we invented this technology to bring AI, artificial intelligence, using this new type of algorithm called deep learning to computer graphics. And one example of its capability is the algorithm we introduced called DLSS, Deep Learning Super Sampling, which allows us to essentially synthesize by learning from previous examples, essentially learning from previous examples of images and remembering it, remembering what beautiful images look like so that when you take a low-resolution image, and you run it through the deep neural network, it synthesizes a high-resolution image that's really, really beautiful. And people have commented that it's even more beautiful than native rendered images at the native resolution. And the benefit is not only is it beautiful, it's also super fast. We essentially nearly doubled the performance of RTX as a result of doing that. So you can have the benefit of ray tracing as well as very high resolution and very high speed. And so that's called RTX.

第二件事是我們發明了這項技術，將人工智能，人工智能，使用這種稱為深度學習的新型算法引入計算機圖形學。它的能力的一個例子是我們引入的稱為 DLSS，深度學習超級採樣的算法，它允許我們通過從以前的例子中學習來進行合成，本質上是從以前的圖像示例中學習並記住它，記住美麗的圖像是什麼樣子的當你拍攝一張低分辨率的圖像，並通過深度神經網絡運行它時，它會合成一張非常非常漂亮的高分辨率圖像。人們評論說，它比原生分辨率下的原生渲染圖像更漂亮。好處不僅是漂亮，而且速度超級快。由於這樣做，我們基本上將 RTX 的性能提高了近一倍。因此，您可以受益於光線追踪以及非常高分辨率和非常高的速度。這就是所謂的RTX。

And Turing is probably not even close, not even 1/3 of the total installed base of all of our GeForce GPUS, which is, as you know, the single-largest installed base of gaming platforms in the world. And so we support this large installed base, and we're in the process of bringing them to the future with RTX. And now with the new console generation coming, every single game developer on the planet is going to be doing ray tracing, and they're going to be creating much, much richer content. And because of multi-platform, cross-platform play and because of the size of the gaming platform, PC gaming platform, it's really important that these game developers bring the latest generation content to PCs, which is great for us.

而且 Turing 可能甚至還不夠接近，甚至不到我們所有 GeForce GPU 總安裝基數的 1/3，如您所知，這是世界上最大的遊戲平台安裝基數。所以我們支持這個龐大的安裝基礎，我們正在通過 RTX 將它們帶到未來。現在，隨著新一代遊戲機的到來，地球上的每一位遊戲開發者都將進行光線追踪，他們將創造更多、更豐富的內容。由於多平台、跨平台遊戲以及遊戲平台、PC 遊戲平台的規模，這些遊戲開發商將最新一代的內容帶到 PC 上非常重要，這對我們來說非常棒。

And then on the data center visibility?

然後是數據中心的可見性？

Yes. Let me see if I can answer this one for you. Yes, we have been talking about our visibility of data center. And as you've seen in our Q2 results, you can see that our overall adoption of the NVIDIA computing portfolio has accelerated quite nicely. But keep in mind, we're still really early in the product cycle. A100 is ramping. It's ramping very strong into our existing installed bases but also into new markets. Right now, A100 probably represents less than 1/4 of our data center revenues. So we still have a lot to grow.

是的。讓我看看我能不能為你回答這個問題。是的，我們一直在談論我們對數據中心的可見性。正如您在我們的第二季度業績中看到的那樣，您可以看到我們對 NVIDIA 計算產品組合的整體採用速度非常快。但請記住，我們仍處於產品週期的早期階段。 A100 正在減速。它在我們現有的安裝基地以及新市場中都非常強大。目前，A100 可能占我們數據中心收入的不到 1/4。所以我們還有很多需要成長的地方。

We have good visibility looking into Q3 with our hyperscales. We have a little bit more of a mixed outlook in terms of our vertical industries, given a lot of the uncertainty in the market and in terms of the overall economy. On-premises are challenged because of the overall COVID. But remember, industries are quickly and continuing to adopt and move to the overall cloud. But overall, we do expect a very strong Q3.

我們對第三季度的超大規模有很好的了解。鑑於市場和整體經濟存在很多不確定性，我們在垂直行業方面的前景更加喜憂參半。由於整體 COVID，內部部署面臨挑戰。但請記住，各行業正在迅速並繼續採用並遷移到整體雲。但總的來說，我們確實預計第三季度會非常強勁。

Your next question comes from the line of C.J. Muse with Evercore ISI.

您的下一個問題來自於 Evercore ISI 的 C.J. Muse。

I guess 2 questions. If I look at your outstanding inventory purchase obligations, grew, I think, 17% sequentially. Is that as you prepare for the September 1 launch? And can you kind of comment on gaming visibility into the back half of the year? And then the second question, Jensen, I know you're very focused on platforms and driving recurring revenues. Would love to hear if there's any particular platforms over the last 3 months where you've made real headway or get you excited, whether Jarvis, Merlin, Spark or whatever.

我猜2個問題。如果我查看您未完成的庫存採購義務，我認為環比增長了 17%。是在為 9 月 1 日的發布做準備嗎？您能否對今年下半年的遊戲知名度發表評論？然後是第二個問題，Jensen，我知道你非常關注平台和推動經常性收入。很想知道在過去 3 個月中是否有任何特定平台讓您真正取得進展或讓您興奮，無論是 Jarvis、Merlin、Spark 還是其他什麼。

Yes. Thanks so much, C.J. We're expecting a really strong second half for gaming. I think this may very well be one of the best gaming seasons ever. And the reason for that is because PC gaming has become such a large format. The combination of amazing games like Fortnite and Minecraft and because of the way people game now, their gaming and their e-sporting, even F1 is an e-sport now. They're hanging out with friends. They're using it to create other content. They're using game captures, create art. They're sharing it with the community. It's a broadcast medium. The number of different ways you could game has just really, really exploded. And it works on PCs because all the things that I described require cameras or keyboards or streaming systems or -- and -- but it requires an open system that is multitasking. And so the PC has just become such a large platform for gaming.

是的。非常感謝，C.J。我們期待下半年的遊戲表現非常強勁。我認為這很可能是有史以來最好的遊戲賽季之一。其原因是因為 PC 遊戲已經成為一種大型格式。 Fortnite 和 Minecraft 等令人驚嘆的遊戲的結合，以及人們現在的遊戲方式、他們的遊戲和電子競技，甚至 F1 現在也是一項電子競技。他們正在和朋友閒逛。他們正在使用它來創建其他內容。他們正在使用遊戲捕捉，創造藝術。他們正在與社區分享它。它是一種廣播媒體。你可以玩的不同方式的數量真的，真的爆炸了。它適用於個人電腦，因為我描述的所有東西都需要相機或鍵盤或流媒體系統，或者——而且——但它需要一個多任務處理的開放系統。因此，PC 剛剛成為如此龐大的遊戲平台。

And the second thing is that RTX, it's a home run. We really raised the bar with computer graphics, and the games are so beautiful, and it's really, really the next level. It's not been this amazing since we introduced programmable shaders about 15 years ago. And so for the last 15 years, we've been making programmable shaders better and better and better, and it has been getting better. But there's never been a giant leap like this, and RTX brought both artificial intelligence as well as ray tracing to PC gaming.

第二件事是RTX，它是本壘打。我們真的用計算機圖形提高了標準，遊戲非常漂亮，真的，真的更上一層樓。自從我們大約 15 年前推出可編程著色器以來，這並沒有這麼神奇。所以在過去的 15 年裡，我們一直在讓可編程著色器變得越來越好，而且越來越好。但是從來沒有像這樣的巨大飛躍，RTX 將人工智能和光線追踪都帶入了 PC 遊戲。

And then the third factor is the console launch. There's -- people are really -- the game developers are really gearing up for a big leap. And because of the gaming -- because how vibrant the gaming market is right now and how many people around the world is depending on gaming at home. I think it's going to be the most amazing season ever. We're already seeing amazing numbers from our console partner, Nintendo. Switch has -- about to sell more than Super Nintendo, more than all the Famicom, which was one of the best gaming consoles of all time. I mean they're underway to make Switch the most successful gaming platform of all time. And so I'm super excited for them. And so I think it's going to be quite a huge second half of the year.

然後第三個因素是控制台啟動。有——人們真的是——遊戲開發者真的在為一個大的飛躍做準備。並且因為遊戲——因為現在遊戲市場的活躍程度以及全世界有多少人依賴於在家玩遊戲。我認為這將是有史以來最精彩的賽季。我們已經從我們的遊戲機合作夥伴任天堂那裡看到了驚人的數字。 Switch 的銷量即將超過 Super Nintendo，超過所有 Famicom，後者是有史以來最好的遊戲機之一。我的意思是他們正在努力使 Switch 成為有史以來最成功的遊戲平台。所以我為他們感到非常興奮。所以我認為這將是今年下半年的一個巨大的時期。

Your next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari of Goldman Sachs.

您的下一個問題來自高盛的 Toshiya Hari。

Colette, I felt like I didn't -- I missed C.J.'s second question. Can we jump on and answer it?

Colette，我覺得我沒有——我錯過了 C.J. 的第二個問題。我們可以跳過去回答嗎？

I think the question was regarding our inventory purchases on that piece. Is that the part that you're referring to?

我認為問題是關於我們在那件作品上的庫存購買。你說的是那個部分嗎？

Yes. That's the one. Yes.

是的。就是那個。是的。

Yes. Keep in mind, C.J., that when you think about the complexity of the products that we are building, we have extremely long lead times, both in terms of what we produce for the data center, our full systems that we need to do as well as what you are seeing now between the sequential growth between Q2 and Q3 for overall gaming. So all of that is in preparation for the second half. Nothing unusual about it other than, yes, we've got to hit those revenue numbers that are in our Q3 guidance.

是的。請記住，C.J.，當您考慮到我們正在構建的產品的複雜性時，我們有極長的交貨時間，無論是我們為數據中心生產的產品，還是我們需要做的完整系統。正如您現在在第二季度和第三季度之間的整體遊戲連續增長之間看到的那樣。所以這一切都是在為下半場做準備。除了，是的，我們必須達到我們第三季度指導中的收入數字之外，沒有什麼不尋常的。

Your next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari with Goldman and Sachs.

你的下一個問題來自高盛和高盛的 Toshiya Hari。

I had one for Jensen and another one for Colette. Jensen, just following up on the data center business. As you probably know, quite a few of your peers have been talking about potential digestion of capacity on the part of your hyperscale customers over the next, call it, 6 to 12 months. Curious, is that something that you think about, worry about in your data center business? Or do you have enough idiosyncratic growth drivers like the A100 ramp? And I guess the breadth that you've built within your data center business across compute and networking, are those enough for you to buck the trend within data center over the next 6 to 12 months?

我為 Jensen 準備了一個，為 Colette 準備了另一個。 Jensen，只是跟進數據中心業務。您可能知道，您的許多同行一直在談論您的超大規模客戶在接下來的 6 到 12 個月內可能消化容量。好奇，這是您在數據中心業務中考慮和擔心的事情嗎？或者您是否有足夠的特殊增長動力，例如 A100 坡道？我猜您在數據中心業務中跨計算和網絡建立的廣度是否足以讓您在未來 6 到 12 個月內逆勢而上？

And then the second one for Colette, just on gross margins. You're guiding October quarter gross margins down 50 basis points sequentially. Based on the color that you provided for the individual segments, it looks like mix remains pretty positive. So just curious what's driving the marginal decline in gross margins in the October quarter?

然後是科萊特的第二個，只是毛利率。您正在引導 10 月季度毛利率連續下降 50 個基點。根據您為各個細分市場提供的顏色，看起來混合仍然非常積極。所以只是好奇是什麼導致了 10 月季度毛利率的邊際下降？

Yes. Thank you. So thanks for the question. The -- our data center trend is really tied to a few factors. One is the proliferation of using deep learning and artificial intelligence and all the services that are in -- by the cloud service providers. And I think it's fair to say that over the last several years, the number of breakthroughs in artificial intelligence has been really terrific. And we're seeing anywhere from 10x, 10x more computational requirement each year to more than that. And so in the last 3 years, we've seen somewhere between 1,000 to 3,000x increase in the size of models, the computational requirement necessary to create these AI models and to deploy these AI models.

是的。謝謝你。所以謝謝你的問題。 - 我們的數據中心趨勢實際上與幾個因素有關。一是使用深度學習和人工智能以及雲服務提供商提供的所有服務的擴散。而且我認為可以公平地說，在過去的幾年裡，人工智能的突破數量非常可觀。我們看到每年的計算需求增加 10 倍、10 倍甚至更多。因此在過去 3 年中，我們看到模型的大小增加了 1,000 到 3,000 倍，創建這些 AI 模型和部署這些 AI 模型所需的計算需求。

And so the #1 trend that we're probably indexed to is the breakthroughs of AI and the usefulness of AI and how people are using it. And one of the -- and I remember C.J.'s question now, and I'll answer this along with that. One of the things that we look for and you should look for is how -- what kind of breakthroughs are based on deep learning and based on AI that these services all demand.

因此，我們可能被索引的第一大趨勢是人工智能的突破、人工智能的實用性以及人們如何使用它。其中之一——我現在記得 C.J. 的問題，我會同時回答這個問題。我們尋找並且您應該尋找的一件事是如何 - 基於深度學習和基於這些服務都需要的 AI 的突破。

And there are 3 big ones, just gigantic one. Of course, one of them is natural language understanding, the ability to take a very complicated text and use deep learning to create essentially a dimension reduction, it's called deep embedding, dimension reduction on that body of text so that you could use that vector as a way to teach a recommender system, which is the second major breakthrough, the recommender system, how to predict and make a recommendation to somebody. Recommendation on ads and videos, and there are trillions of videos on the web. You need ways to recommend them, both the news and just the amount of information that is going to -- that is in true dynamic form require these recommenders to be instantaneous.

有3個大的，只有一個巨大的。當然，其中之一是自然語言理解，能夠獲取非常複雜的文本並使用深度學習來創建本質上的降維，這被稱為深度嵌入，在該文本主體上進行降維，以便您可以使用該向量作為一種教授推薦系統的方法，這是第二個重大突破，推薦系統，如何預測和向某人推薦。關於廣告和視頻的推薦，網絡上的視頻數以萬億計。您需要推薦它們的方法，包括新聞和即將提供的信息量——真正動態的形式要求這些推薦器是即時的。

And so the first one is natural language understanding. The second one is the recommender system, gigantic breakthroughs in the last several years. And the third is conversational AI. I mean we're going to have conversational engines that are just super clever, and they can predict what you're about to ask. They're going to predict the right answer for you, make recommendations to you based on the 3 pillars that I just described.

所以第一個是自然語言理解。第二個是推薦系統，在過去幾年中取得了巨大的突破。第三個是對話式人工智能。我的意思是我們將擁有超級聰明的對話引擎，它們可以預測你將要問什麼。他們將為您預測正確的答案，根據我剛剛描述的 3 個支柱向您提出建議。

And I haven't even started talking about robotics, the breakthroughs that are happening there with all the factories that need to automate and breakthroughs that we're seeing in self-driving cars, the models there are really improving fast. And so the answer to you, Toshiya, and C.J. are kind of similar, that on the first one, we're indexed to AI. The second, we're indexed to breakthroughs of AI. So that it can continue to consume more and more capability and more technology.

我什至還沒有開始談論機器人技術，所有需要自動化的工廠正在發生的突破以及我們在自動駕駛汽車中看到的突破，那裡的模型確實在快速改進。所以你的答案，Toshiya 和 C.J. 有點相似，在第一個問題上，我們被索引到 AI。第二，我們以人工智能的突破為索引。這樣它就可以繼續消耗越來越多的能力和更多的技術。

And then the third thing that we're indexed to is the movement of workloads to the cloud. It is now possible to do rendering in the cloud, remote graphics workstations in the cloud. And NVIDIA virtual workstations is in every single cloud. You could do big data analytics in the cloud. And these applications, I've just given you a few applications where you can do scientific computing in the cloud. These applications all have fundamentally different computing architectures.

然後我們索引的第三件事是將工作負載轉移到雲中。現在可以在雲中進行渲染，在雲中進行遠程圖形工作站。 NVIDIA 虛擬工作站位於每一個雲中。您可以在雲中進行大數據分析。這些應用程序，我剛剛為您提供了一些可以在雲中進行科學計算的應用程序。這些應用程序都具有根本不同的計算架構。

NVIDIA is the only accelerated architecture that allows you to do microservices for conversational AI and other types of AI applications to scale up applications like high-performance computing, training, big data analytics to virtualize applications like workstations. Our platform is universal, and these 3 facets that I just described are supremely complex, virtualized, microservices-based and scale-up-based. And so these -- bare metal scale-up. And these are complicated, and it's one of the reasons why we bought Mellanox because they're at the core and at the intersection of all of that. The storage, the networking, the security, the virtualization, they're at the intersection of all of that. And I just described 3 dynamics that are very, very powerful and are at the early stages yet. And so those are the things that we're really indexed to.

NVIDIA 是唯一允許您為會話式 AI 和其他類型的 AI 應用程序提供微服務以擴展高性能計算、訓練、大數據分析等應用程序以虛擬化工作站等應用程序的加速架構。我們的平台是通用的，我剛才描述的這 3 個方面是極其複雜的、虛擬化的、基於微服務的和基於擴展的。所以這些 - 裸機放大。這些都很複雜，這也是我們收購 Mellanox 的原因之一，因為它們是所有這些的核心和交叉點。存儲、網絡、安全、虛擬化，它們是所有這些的交匯點。我剛剛描述了 3 個非常非常強大的動態，並且還處於早期階段。所以這些是我們真正索引的東西。

And then lastly, when somebody adopts -- when we introduce a new platform like Ampere, we're in the beginning of a multiyear product cycle, Ampere is such a gigantic breakthrough. It's the first universal GPU we ever created. It is both able to scale up as well as scale out, scale up as in multi GPUs, scale out is fractionalization, multi-instance GPUs. And it's -- it reduced -- it saves money, tremendous amount of money for people who use it. It speeds up their application. It reduces their TCO. Their TCO value just goes through the roof. And so we're in the beginning of this multiyear cycle and the enthusiasm has been fantastic. This is the fastest ramp we've ever had. And so we're going to keep on racing through the second half.

最後，當有人採用時——當我們引入像 Ampere 這樣的新平台時，我們正處於多年產品週期的開始，Ampere 是一個巨大的突破。這是我們創建的第一個通用 GPU。它既可以縱向擴展也可以橫向擴展，可以像多 GPU 一樣縱向擴展，橫向擴展是細分化、多實例 GPU。而且它 - 它減少了 - 它節省了金錢，對於使用它的人來說是一大筆錢。它加快了他們的應用程序。它降低了他們的 TCO。他們的 TCO 價值剛剛飆升。所以我們正處於這個多年周期的開始，熱情非常高。這是我們有史以來最快的坡道。所以我們將在下半場繼續比賽。

Okay. And Toshiya, you asked a question regarding our guidance going forward regarding gross margin. And within our Q3 guidance, we have just a small decline in our gross margin from Q2. Most of that is really associated with mix but also a little bit in terms of the ramping of our new Ampere architecture products that we have. So keep in mind, our data center will likely be a lower percentage of total revenue, given the strong overall gaming growth that we expect between Q2 and Q3. Within that gaming growth, keep in mind, consoles are also included, which will continue to be below our company totals average gross margin, and that is expected to be up strongly quarter-over-quarter for our overall console shipments. We're going to be ramping those new architectures over time when we have the ability to expand our gross margin as Ampere GPUs mature, too.

好的。 Toshiya，你問了一個關於我們未來毛利率指導的問題。在我們第三季度的指導下，我們的毛利率比第二季度略有下降。其中大部分確實與混合有關，但也與我們擁有的新 Ampere 架構產品的升級有關。因此請記住，鑑於我們預計第二季度和第三季度之間的強勁整體遊戲增長，我們的數據中心可能佔總收入的百分比較低。請記住，在遊戲增長中，還包括遊戲機，這將繼續低於我們公司的平均毛利率，預計我們的整體遊戲機出貨量將比上一季度強勁增長。隨著 Ampere GPU 的成熟，當我們有能力擴大毛利率時，我們將逐漸增加這些新架構。

Your next question comes from the line of Stacy Rasgon with Bernstein Research.

您的下一個問題來自 Bernstein Research 的 Stacy Rasgon。

I wanted to dig into data center a little bit. This is a question for Colette. So in the quarter, ex Mellanox, data center was up, core data center, maybe 6%, 7%. The guide looks to be roughly similar to that into Q3. Can you talk to us a little bit about what's driving the trajectory? Are you more demand or more supply limited at this point? What does your supply situation look like? And what are the lead times especially on the A100 products for data center look like at this point? Like if you have more capacity available, do you think you'd have like a stronger trajectory than you have right now?

我想深入研究一下數據中心。這是科萊特的問題。因此，在本季度，前 Mellanox 數據中心上漲，核心數據中心可能上漲 6%、7%。該指南看起來與第三季度的指南大致相似。你能和我們談談是什麼推動了這一軌跡嗎？在這一點上，您是更多的需求還是更多的供應受限？你們的供應情況如何？目前數據中心的 A100 產品的交貨時間是多少？就像如果你有更多的可用容量，你認為你會擁有比現在更強大的軌跡嗎？

Yes. Stacy, so thanks for the question. Let me first start on our Q3 outlook and what we're seeing. And when we think about our demand and our supply, we're very comfortable with the supply that we have. Keep in mind, our products are quite complex, and a lot of our time is spent in terms of procuring every aspect of that supply over multiple quarters previously. So that's how we work. But we are very confident with the overall supply that we have across the board in data center. Keep in mind that it's not just A100. We are continuing to sell V100 or T4. And we're also bringing new versions of the A100 coming to overall market. So I hope that helps you understand our statements on where are we at in terms of the Q3 guidance. We'll see if Jensen wants to add a little bit more to that.

是的。斯泰西，所以謝謝你的問題。讓我首先談談我們的第三季度展望和我們所看到的。當我們考慮我們的需求和供應時，我們對我們擁有的供應感到非常滿意。請記住，我們的產品非常複雜，我們的大量時間都花在了之前多個季度採購該供應的各個方面。這就是我們的工作方式。但我們對數據中心的整體供應非常有信心。請記住，它不僅僅是 A100。我們將繼續銷售 V100 或 T4。我們還將 A100 的新版本推向整個市場。因此，我希望這可以幫助您理解我們關於我們在第三季度指導方面所處位置的陳述。我們將看看 Jensen 是否想在其中添加更多內容。

Well, when we're ramping, we sure love to have more and sooner. And -- but this is our plan, and we're executing to the plan. It is a very complicated product, as Colette mentioned. It is the most complicated.

好吧，當我們加速時，我們肯定喜歡更快地擁有更多。而且——但這是我們的計劃，我們正在執行計劃。正如 Colette 所說，這是一個非常複雜的產品。這是最複雜的。

Got it. Got it. And just a quick follow-up. Within the data center guidance, how do you think about like the core data center sequential growth versus Mellanox?

知道了。知道了。只是一個快速的跟進。在數據中心指南中，您如何看待核心數據中心與 Mellanox 的連續增長？

Yes. So in terms of moving from Q2 to Q3, we believe that most of the actual growth that we will receive in that single -- low single-digit to mid-single-digit growth will likely stem from NVIDIA compute, will be the largest driver of that.

是的。因此，就從第二季度到第三季度而言，我們相信我們將獲得的大部分實際增長——從低個位數到中個位數增長可能來自 NVIDIA 計算，將是最大的驅動力那個。

Your next question comes from the line of Joseph Moore with Morgan Stanley.

你的下一個問題來自摩根士丹利的約瑟夫摩爾。

I wonder if I could ask a longer-term question about the -- how you guys see the importance of process technology. There's been a lot of discussion around that in the CPU domain. But you guys haven't really felt the need to be first on 7 nanometer, and you've done very well. Just how important do you think it is to be early in the new process node? And how does that factor into the cycle of innovation at NVIDIA?

我想知道我是否可以就你們如何看待工藝技術的重要性提出一個更長期的問題。在 CPU 領域有很多關於這個的討論。但是你們並沒有真正感覺到需要在 7 納米上成為第一，而且你們做得很好。您認為在新流程節點的早期階段有多重要？這對 NVIDIA 的創新周期有何影響？

Yes. First of all, thanks, Joe. The process technology is a lot more complex than a number. I think people have simplified it down to almost a ridiculous level, right? And so process technology, we have a really awesome process engineering team, world-class. Everybody will recognize that it's absolutely world-class. And we work with the foundries, we work with TSMC really closely, to make sure that we engineer transistors that are ideal for us and we engineer metallization systems that's ideal for us. It's a complicated thing, and we do it at high part.

是的。首先，謝謝，喬。工藝技術比數字複雜得多。我認為人們已經將它簡化到幾乎荒謬的程度，對吧？所以工藝技術，我們有一個非常棒的工藝工程團隊，世界級的。每個人都會認識到它絕對是世界級的。我們與代工廠合作，我們與台積電密切合作，以確保我們設計出適合我們的晶體管，並設計出適合我們的金屬化系統。這是一件複雜的事情，我們在高處做這件事。

Then the second part of it is where architecture, where the process technology and the rest of the design process, the architecture of the chip, and the final analysis, what NVIDIA paid for, is architecture, not procurement of transistors. We're paid for architecture. And there's a vast difference between our architecture and the second best architecture and the rest of the architectures. The difference is incredible. We are easily twice the energy efficiency all the time, irrespective of the number of the -- in the transistor side. And so it must be more complicated than that. And so we put a lot of energy into that, and then the last thing I would say is that going forward, it's really about data center-scale computing. Going forward, you optimize at the data center scale. And the reason why I know this for a fact is because if you're a software engineer, you would be sitting at home right now, and you will write a piece of software that runs on the entire data center in the cloud. You have no idea what's underneath it, nor do you care. And so what you really want is to make sure that, that data center is as high throughput as possible. There are a lot of code in there.

然後第二部分是架構在哪裡，製程技術在哪里以及其餘的設計過程，芯片的架構，歸根結底，英偉達付出的，是架構，而不是晶體管的採購。我們為建築付費。我們的架構與次優架構和其他架構之間存在巨大差異。差異令人難以置信。無論晶體管側的數量如何，我們都可以輕鬆地將能源效率提高一倍。所以它一定比這更複雜。所以我們在這方面投入了很多精力，最後我要說的是，這真的是關於數據中心規模的計算。展望未來，您將在數據中心規模上進行優化。我之所以知道這一點，是因為如果你是一名軟件工程師，你現在會坐在家裡，你會編寫一個在雲中的整個數據中心上運行的軟件。你不知道它下面是什麼，你也不在乎。因此，您真正想要的是確保該數據中心具有盡可能高的吞吐量。裡面有很多代碼。

And so what NVIDIA has decided to do over the years is to take our game to a new level. Of course, we start with building the world's best processors, and we use the world's best foundries, and we partnered them very closely to engineer the best process for us. We partner with the best packaging companies to create the world's best packaging. We're the world's first user of cobots. And whether it's -- I think we're -- I'm pretty sure we're still the highest volume by far of 2.5D and 3D packaging.

因此，NVIDIA 多年來決定做的是將我們的遊戲提升到一個新的水平。當然，我們從製造世界上最好的處理器開始，我們使用世界上最好的代工廠，我們與他們密切合作，為我們設計最好的工藝。我們與最好的包裝公司合作，創造世界上最好的包裝。我們是世界上第一個使用協作機器人的用戶。無論是 - 我認為我們是 - 我很確定我們仍然是迄今為止 2.5D 和 3D 包裝中銷量最高的。

And so we start from a great chip. We start from a great chip, but we don't end there. That's just the beginning for us. Now we take this thing all the way through systems, the system software, algorithms, networking, all the way up to the entire data center. And the difference is absolutely shocking. We built our data center, Selene, and it took us 4 weeks. We put up Selene in 4 weeks' time. It is the seventh fastest supercomputer in the world, one of the fastest AI supercomputers in the world. It's the most energy-efficient supercomputer in the world, and it broke every single record in MLPerf, and that kind of shows you something about the scale that we work and the complexity of the work that we do. This is the future. It's for -- the future is about data centers.

所以我們從一個很棒的芯片開始。我們從一個偉大的芯片開始，但我們並沒有就此結束。這對我們來說只是一個開始。現在我們把這個東西一路貫穿系統、系統軟件、算法、網絡，一直到整個數據中心。差異絕對令人震驚。我們建立了我們的數據中心 Selene，我們用了 4 週時間。我們在 4 週後安裝了 Selene。它是世界上第七快的超級計算機，也是世界上最快的人工智能超級計算機之一。它是世界上最節能的超級計算機，它打破了 MLPerf 中的每一項記錄，這向您展示了我們工作的規模和工作的複雜性。這就是未來。它是為了——未來是關於數據中心的。

We have no further questions at this time. Jensen Huang, I turn the call back over to you.

目前我們沒有其他問題。 Jensen Huang，我把電話轉給你。

Thank you. The accelerated computing model we pioneered has clearly passed the tipping point. Adopting of NVIDIA computing is accelerating. On this foundation and leveraging one architecture, we have transformed our company in 3 dimensions. First, NVIDIA is a full stack computing platform company, offering the world's most dynamic industries, the chips systems, software and libraries like NVIDIA AI to tackle their most pressing challenges. NVIDIA -- second, NVIDIA is a data center-scale company with capabilities to architect, build and operate the most advanced data centers. The data center is the new computing unit. With this capability, we can create modern data center architectures that are computer maker partners, and then scale out to the world's industry. Third, NVIDIA is a software-defined company today, with rich software content like GeForce NOW, NVIDIA virtual workstation in the cloud, NVIDIA AI and NVIDIA Drive that will add recurring software revenue to our business model.

謝謝你。我們首創的加速計算模型顯然已經過了臨界點。採用 NVIDIA 計算的速度正在加快。在此基礎上並利用一種架構，我們在 3 個維度上改變了我們的公司。首先，NVIDIA 是一家全棧計算平台公司，為全球最具活力的行業提供芯片系統、軟件和庫，例如 NVIDIA AI，以應對他們最緊迫的挑戰。英偉達——其次，英偉達是一家數據中心規模的公司，具有架構、建造和運營最先進的數據中心的能力。數據中心是新的計算單元。憑藉這種能力，我們可以創建與計算機製造商合作的現代數據中心架構，然後擴展到全球行業。第三，NVIDIA 今天是一家軟件定義公司，擁有豐富的軟件內容，例如 GeForce NOW、NVIDIA 雲端虛擬工作站、NVIDIA AI 和 NVIDIA Drive，這將為我們的業務模式增加經常性軟件收入。

In the coming years, AI will revolutionize software. Robotics will automate machines, and the virtual and physical worlds will become increasingly integrated through VR and AR. Industry advancements will accelerate, and NVIDIA accelerated computing will play an important role.

未來幾年，人工智能將徹底改變軟件。機器人技術將使機器自動化，虛擬世界和物理世界將通過 VR 和 AR 日益融合。行業進步將加速，NVIDIA加速計算將發揮重要作用。

Our next GTC will be coming on October 5, again from my kitchen. Join me. I have some exciting developments to share with you. Thanks, everyone.

我們的下一個 GTC 將於 10 月 5 日再次從我的廚房到來。加入我。我有一些令人興奮的進展要與您分享。感謝大家。

This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.

今天的電話會議到此結束。您現在可以斷開連接。