威達信集團 (MMC) 2021 Q3 法說會逐字稿

Welcome to Marsh & McLennan's & conference call. Today's call is being recorded. Third quarter 2021 financial results and supplemental information were issued earlier this morning. They are available on the company's website at marshmclennan.com. Please note that remarks made today may include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and a variety of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such statements.

For a more detailed discussion of those factors, please refer to our earnings release for this quarter and to our most recent SEC filings, including our most recent Form 10-K, all of which are available on the Marsh McLennan website.

During the call today, we may also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. For a reconciliation of these measures to the most closely comparable GAAP measures, please refer to the schedule in today's earnings release. I'll now turn this over to Dan Glaser, President and CEO of Marsh McLennan.

Thank you. Good morning, and thank you for joining us to discuss our third quarter results reported earlier today. I'm Dan Glaser, President and CEO of Marsh McLennan. Joining me on the call today is Mark McGivney, our CFO; and the CEOs of our businesses, John Doyle of Marsh; Peter Hearn of Guy Carpenter; Martine Ferland of Mercer; and Nick Studer of Oliver Wyman. Also with us this morning is Sarah Dewitt, Head of Investor Relations.

Marsh McLennan had another outstanding quarter. Our third quarter results reflect strong momentum across all of our businesses. Our continued strength represents a combination of the current environment as well as impressive day-to-day execution across the firm. Although there continues to be uncertainty and volatility in the macroeconomic and geopolitical environment, we are seeing solid demand for our differentiated advice and solutions.

Even as COVID-19 continues to pose risk in many parts of the world, vaccine rollouts are having a positive impact. We are taking advantage of opportunities to add to our deep bench of world-class talent. At the core of our business is a focus on our colleagues, and we are dedicated to Marsh McLennan being in an exciting and dynamic place to work for outstanding people. And we continue to innovate and leverage the collective strengths of our organization to help clients address their most pressing concerns, including climate, diversity and inclusion, the future of work, cyber and digital strategies.

As we have discussed, 2021 represents Marsh McLennan's 150th year, and success over such a long period of time requires constant innovation and investment to deliver sustained growth and profitability. I'd like to discuss just a few recent examples of how we are innovating to develop new, unique client solutions. Nick Studer leads our firm-wide climate initiative. We view climate as a significant opportunity, and we are well positioned to help clients with this critical issue. In October, Oliver Wyman launched the Climate Action Navigator drawing on insights from across the company. This product helps public and private sector leaders plot a path through climate science, identifying emissions at the industry and regional level and quantifying the effects of multiple different carbon reduction technologies and actions. We believe these tools will give business and government leaders vital insights to achieve their long-term climate goals and be a significant enabler of the transition to low-carbon climate-resilient investment in the corporate sector.

Mercer recently launched Skills-Edge, an innovative platform, allowing employers to determine the most important skills for their future, and design a talent strategy to assess, acquire and retain them. Skills-Edge provides quantitative insight into the demand and value of skills. It supports both employees and organizations in rapidly reskilling for the future of work.

And just last week, under the leadership of John Doyle, we launched our Cyber Risk Analytics Center. This brings together cyber risk data and analytics expertise across our firm and provides clients with a comprehensive assessment of their cyber threats, existing and future controls and the potential economic impact.

We are 1 enterprise, and these are just a few recent examples of how we bring together and leverage knowledge and capabilities across the firm to offer comprehensive solutions to our clients and address their most pressing concerns. We are a growth company as demonstrated by our track record. Growth doesn't just happen. It takes consistent vision, alignment, commitment and execution. Since closing our acquisition of JLT, we have grown our total consolidated revenue by 27%, our adjusted EPS by 34% and our colleague base by 22%.

Achieving and sustaining growth requires consistent reinvestment in the business. We always strive to balance delivering results in the short term while investing for the long term. In 2021, we generated year-to-date adjusted EPS growth that is higher than any annual period in over 3 decades, while at the same time, investing for the future and making a significant press on hiring. We grew our headcount year-to-date by nearly 5,000 or around 7%, mostly organic adds with an emphasis on client-facing roles. We expect this influx of talent will drive growth, add to our capabilities and enhance our ability to serve clients.

Now let me provide an update on current P&C insurance market conditions. Many of the factors that drove the market to harden over the last few years continue, suggesting an inflection to a soft market is unlikely in the near term. The Marsh Global Insurance Market Index showed price increases of 15% year-over-year, consistent with the second quarter. This marks the 16th consecutive quarter of rate increases in the commercial P&C insurance marketplace. Looking at pricing by line, the Marsh Market Index showed global property insurance was up 9%, global financial and professional lines were up 32% driven in part by a near doubling in cyber rates, and global casualty rates were up high single digits on average. As a reminder, our index skews to large account business. However, small and middle market insurance rates continue to rise as well, although less than for large complex accounts.

Turning to reinsurance. Measured and moderate rate increases in global property catastrophe reinsurance witnessed in the first half of 2021 could persist throughout the remainder of the year, reflecting adequate capacity offset by elevated global catastrophes, concerns around real and social inflation and a continuation of large individual risk losses. 2021 marks another year of significant catastrophe losses. Hurricane Ida generated material losses in both the Southeast and the Northeast. This is in addition to a record level of flood losses in Europe, flooding in China and the continuation of wildfire losses in many parts of the world. Marsh & McLennan remains focused on helping our clients navigate these challenging market conditions and making a difference for them in the moments that matter.

Now let me turn to our terrific third quarter financial performance. We generated adjusted EPS of $1.08, which is up 32% versus a year ago, driven by strong top line growth and continued low levels of T&E. Total revenue increased 16% versus a year ago and rose 13% on an underlying basis, the second consecutive quarter of record underlying growth in over 2 decades.

Underlying revenue grew 13% in RIS and 12% in Consulting. Marsh grew 13% in the quarter on an underlying basis and benefited from strong new business and renewal growth. Guy Carpenter grew 15% on an underlying basis in the quarter, continuing its string of excellent results. Mercer underlying revenue grew 7% in the quarter, the highest in over a decade. Oliver Wyman grew underlying revenue 25%, the second consecutive quarter in excess of 20%. Overall, the third quarter saw adjusted operating income growth of 19% and our adjusted operating margin expanded 10 basis points year-over-year.

Given our excellent third quarter and year-to-date performance, we are on track for a terrific year. We expect to generate the best underlying revenue and adjusted EPS growth in over 2 decades and expand margins for the 14th consecutive year. Our entire organization is on its front foot, focused and aligned, and this is evident in our excellent results.

With that, let me turn it over to Mark for a more detailed review of our results.

Thank you, Dan, and good morning. Our results were outstanding with record third quarter revenue, second consecutive quarter of double-digit underlying growth, margin expansion and significant earnings growth. Highlights from our third quarter performance included the second straight quarter of 13% underlying growth in RIS, with 13% at Marsh and 15% at Guy Carpenter. And the second consecutive quarter of 12% underlying growth in Consulting with 7% at Mercer and 25% at Oliver Wyman.

Growth in adjusted earnings per share exceeded 30% for the second quarter in a row. Consolidated revenue increased 16% in the third quarter to $4.6 billion, reflecting underlying growth of 13%. Operating income in the quarter was $740 million, an increase of 37%. Adjusted operating income increased 19% to $759 million, and our adjusted operating margin increased 10 basis points to 18.5%.

GAAP EPS was $1.05 in the quarter, and adjusted EPS increased 32% to $1.08. For the first 9 months of 2021, underlying revenue growth was 10%, our adjusted operating income grew 21% to $3.4 billion, our adjusted operating margin increased 120 basis points, and our adjusted EPS increased 28% to $4.82.

Looking at Risk & Insurance Services, third quarter revenue was $2.7 billion, up 17% compared with a year ago or 13% on an underlying basis. Operating income increased 21% to $403 million. Adjusted operating income also increased 21% to $469 million, and our adjusted operating margin expanded 20 basis points to 20.4%. For the first 9 months of the year, revenue was $9 billion with underlying growth of 11%. Adjusted operating income for the first 9 months of the year increased 20% to $2.5 billion, with a margin of 30.3%, up 80 basis points from the same period a year ago.

At Marsh, revenue in the quarter was $2.4 billion, up 17% compared with a year ago or 13% on an underlying basis. Growth in the quarter was broad-based and driven by nearly 40% new business growth and solid retention. U.S. and Canada delivered another exceptional quarter with underlying revenue growth of 16%. In international, underlying growth was 9%. Latin America grew 12%, its best growth since the fourth quarter of 2015. Asia Pacific was up 9% and EMEA was up 8%. For the first 9 months of the year, Marsh's revenue was $7.3 billion with underlying growth of 12%. U.S. and Canada underlying growth was 14% and international was up 9%.

Guy Carpenter's third quarter revenue was $314 million, up 15% compared with a year ago on both a GAAP and underlying basis. Growth was broad-based across geographies and specialties. Guy Carpenter has now achieved 7% or higher underlying growth in 7 of the last 9 quarters. For the first 9 months of the year, Guy Carpenter generated $1.7 billion of revenue and 10% underlying growth.

In the Consulting segment, revenue in the quarter was $1.9 billion, up 13% from a year ago or 12% on an underlying basis. Operating income increased 45% to $404 million. Adjusted operating income increased 15% to $350 million. The adjusted operating margin was 18.9%, in line with the margin in the third quarter of 2020.

Consulting generated revenue of $5.7 billion for the first 9 months in 2021, representing underlying growth of 9%. Adjusted operating income for the first 9 months of the year increased 25% to $1.1 billion, and the adjusted operating margin expanded 180 basis points to 19.6%.

Mercer's revenue was $1.3 billion in the quarter, up 7% on an underlying basis, the highest result in over a decade. Career grew 13% on an underlying basis, reflecting the continuing rebound in the global economy and business confidence. Wealth increased 6% on an underlying basis, reflecting strong growth in investment management and modest growth in defined benefits.

Our assets under delegated management grew to nearly $400 billion at the end of the third quarter, up 24% year-over-year, benefiting from net new inflows and market gains. Health underlying revenue growth was 4% in the quarter, driven by growth outside the U.S.

Oliver Wyman's revenue in the quarter was $610 million, an increase of 25% on an underlying basis. This represents the second consecutive quarter of more than 20% growth as demand remains strong across most geographies and practices. For the first 9 months of the year, revenue at Oliver Wyman was $1.8 billion, an increase of 21% on an underlying basis.

Adjusted corporate expense was $60 million in the third quarter. Foreign exchange had a negligible impact on earnings in Q3. Assuming exchange rates remain at current levels, we expect FX to be a modest headwind in the fourth quarter. Our other net benefit credit was $69 million in the quarter, and we expect it will remain at this level in the fourth quarter.

Investment income was $13 million in the quarter on a GAAP basis and $12 million on an adjusted basis, and mainly reflects gains on our private equity portfolio. Interest expense in the third quarter was $107 million compared with $128 million in the third quarter of 2020, reflecting lower debt levels in the period. Based on our current forecast, we expect interest expense in the fourth quarter to be similar to the amount in the third quarter.

Our adjusted effective tax rate in the third quarter was 24.4% compared with 26.5% in the third quarter last year. Our GAAP tax rate was 24.2% in the third quarter, down from 30.3% in the third quarter of 2020, which was impacted by some unusual items. Through the first 9 months of the year, our adjusted effective tax rate was 24.4% compared with 24.6% last year. Based on the current environment, we continue to expect an adjusted effective tax rate between 25% and 26% for 2021, excluding discrete items.

Given our year-to-date performance, we are on track for an outstanding year. Looking specifically at the fourth quarter, keep in mind that comparisons become more challenging given the rebound in growth in the fourth quarter of 2020. We also continue to build for the long term by investing in hiring. While we are excited about the future benefits these investments will deliver, they come with upfront costs we absorb in the short term. That said, we've consistently demonstrated our ability to deliver exceptional results today while investing for the future and expect we will continue to do so.

Turning to capital management and our balance sheet. We ended the quarter with $10.7 billion of total debt. Our next scheduled debt maturity is in January of 2022 with $500 million of senior notes mature. We continue to expect to deploy at least $3.5 billion of capital in 2021, of which at least $3 billion will be deployed across dividends, acquisitions and share repurchases. The ultimate level of share repurchases will depend on how the M&A pipeline develops. Our cash position at the end of the third quarter was $1.4 billion. Uses of cash in the quarter totaled $665 million, and included $272 million for dividends, $93 million for acquisitions and $300 million for share repurchases.

For the first 9 months, uses of cash totaled $2.6 billion and including $750 million for dividends, $566 million for acquisitions, $734 million for share repurchases and $500 million for debt repayment. We had a remarkable third quarter, positioning us well to deliver strong growth in both revenue and adjusted earnings in 2021.

And with that, I'm happy to turn it back to Dan.

Thanks, Mark. And operator, we are ready to begin Q&A.

(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo.

My first question goes back to the hiring that you guys have done, which seems to have continued in the third quarter. I was hoping to get more color on the impact you're seeing to both margin and top line growth. I think you alluded to some of this coming through on the expense and margin side from the hiring. But I'm hoping to get a sense of just the potential growth that could come from these hires given garden leave as well as potential RFPs on renewals coming in 2022?

Yes. Elyse, we've been at it for 150 years. So things like gardening leaves don't bother us all that much. We're definitely in it for the long haul. As we mentioned in the script, our headcount growth year-to-date is up nearly 5,000 across the firm. The highest percentage growth by far is in Marsh and Guy Carpenter. And of course, the majority of the hiring that we've done is in client-facing roles. And so we may not be like other firms and that we generally hire to grow capability and talent rather than direct short-term revenue production. But having said that, we are a people business. Our colleagues are our engine of growth. And undoubtedly, our increased hiring in 2021 will benefit next year and beyond. Sometimes, it takes a bit of time to get all the hires fully integrated into the firm and producing at levels in terms of their own capacity at an optimal level, but we're very comfortable with that.

And of course, there's a cost factor with that. We're not shy to say sophisticated talent is expensive. But it's worth it, and that's why we pursue it. And I don't want anyone to worry out there about our long-term expense base by all of this hiring. We know how to run the business. Our comp and ben ratio, if I look at Q3 on a rolling 4 quarter basis and then go back 5 years and look at Q3 on a rolling 4-quarter basis is virtually identical. So over time, we're building the company. We're doing it through organic and we're doing it through acquisition.

And then, Dan, my follow-up...

Go ahead, Elyse.

Our next question comes from the line of Jimmy Bhullar with JPMorgan.

And Andrew, maybe later, we go back to Elyse because she did not get a chance to ask her follow-up.

So I just had a question on pricing. And if you could talk about what's going on in primary commercial as well as reinsurance. And then how much of a pushback are you seeing from clients now that they're facing sort of price on price because the rates have been going up for a while now?

That's a very good question, Jimmy. And it's a tough market out there. Why don't we start with John, and then we'll go to Peter afterwards, and we'll address the primary markets in reinsurance. So John?

Sure. Jimmy. Yes, as you noted, the P&C market conditions remain pretty challenging for our clients. Prices were up about 15% on average in the quarter, which was consistent with the second quarter. The property market was plus 9% versus plus 12% in the second quarter. It was obviously quite an active cat quarter. Flood and wind and wildfire related losses. But secondary apparels are getting a lot of attention from the underwriting community in the market.

Casualty was up about 6%, although up closer to double digits globally when you exclude the work comp market, I mean, the United States where things remained pretty competitive. The access market can remain particularly challenging here in the United States, the underwriting community is worried about loss cost inflation. Social inflation really as courts reopen from being largely closed during the pandemic. The financial lines market, I think, on average, is the most difficult market for the moment for our clients. Although having said that, public D&O pricing, it is still up, it's up about 10 points versus 15 points in the second quarter. And that price increase, that rate of increase is the lowest it's been in the last 10 quarters. So starting to see a little bit of settling in that market.

Without question, the market that is most challenging at the moment is the cyber market, where prices were up more than 90% on average, driven by material growth in ransomware claims that I'm sure you're familiar with, as well as concerns about systemic events. We've got a few events that may be modest compared to what potentially could happen, but underwriters remain concerned about that.

You asked about clients. They're certainly frustrated by it, for sure. And some are retaining more risk. We've been pretty active in creating new captives and there's a premium growth in the captives that we manage as well. Some are also electing to retain more risk. And then in some cases, of course, the market is forcing some of our clients to retain more risk. So it's client by client and exposure by exposure. As Dan said, we're aggressively working to help our clients navigate the market. I will add that although on average, the price was -- the average increase was the same globally. Most markets did see rate moderation. The United States was really the 1 exception when you look at it on a global basis.

Thanks, John. Peter?

Thank you, Dan. Jimmy, a lot of my comments reflect from a reinsurance perspective, what John has said on an insurance perspective. You've got markets that are dealing with real and social inflation. They're dealing with low interest rate environment. And on top of that, we're facing something approaching $100 billion of global catastrophe losses in 2021. So I think it's safe to say the prospect of that will influence property reinsurance pricing at [1/1/22].

But you have to look at the market through various lenses because there's a property market that's been affected by $300 billion plus losses over the last 5 years of catastrophe losses. If you look to the casualty market, the significant underlying rate lift has stabilized and improved significantly property casualty reinsurance contracts. And so I would say the casualty market has been more stable. As John said, and the same is true in reinsurance, if I would suggest to suggest there's one hard element of our market right now, it is cyber.

I think reinsurers are looking at cyber capacity the same way they look at property catastrophe capacity, where they're going to allocate a certain amount of aggregate and once they hit that aggregate, that's it. So I'd say, as you know, we don't opine on 1/1 pricing or any significant quarter pricing. We believe the market finds its own equilibrium. And as a result of that, we're preparing our clients based on exposure and experience for what they might expect at 1/1. But certainly, the property market, given the fact that this is now the fifth year that reinsurers have had losses is going to be challenging.

Thanks, Peter. Jimmy, do you have a follow-up?

Maybe I'll ask just one on expenses. And obviously, in the near term, I'm assuming D&E is going to stay depressed. But as you think about your expenses longer term, are there things that you're going to change resulting from the pandemic, whether it's a lower real estate footprint or whatever else that you think provides you more of a long-term benefit?

Yes. I mean when we look at the impact of the pandemic, I think one of the biggest features is that most organizations will -- of our size and scale will adapt some sort of hybrid model. I think the days of 9 to 5 or 8 to 6, 5 days a week in the office are over for most companies. And so that will have an impact. It's a longer-term impact because in the short term, you've got your leases established, and we want some social distancing in the office, and we're not sure how this will develop over time. So we're going to be deliberate and flexible, and we're not going to move that quickly on it.

I mean we've had efforts over many years to become more efficient in our use of space and we've accomplished that quite a bit. And that continues, but that certainly is our view. We also think that T&E won't come back quickly and may not reach the level of 2019 for quite a while. I know in Marsh & McLennan, our view is, yes, we look forward to a day where we're going to visit clients in markets in their location. But we will travel with more purpose. We'll probably travel with less people on various trips, and we'll be more deliberate about it. And I think that our clients will have that expectation as well. So that hop on a plane anytime, anywhere, culture probably takes quite a long time to come back, if ever.

And so both of those things have expense implications for us that will be positive for shareholders in the long term. And I would say, the other thing is we are constantly seeking efficiency gain. And we're working throughout the firm in order to drive efficiency gain and to become better at operations. So I want to -- why don't I turn it to John for a second, so we can talk a little bit about some of our headcount growth was in OpEx in the effort to drive some efficiency within the Marsh operation. And it's in its early stages, but there was a pretty significant increase in headcount in that area. So John, do you want to talk about that for a second?

Sure, Dan. We had the largest ever organic hiring in our history this year, and we're quite excited about it. Dan touched on the market-facing talent that we brought in a bit earlier. I will say it starts with the team we began the year with. Our teams has deepened as strong as it's ever been. We worked really hard to come together with the team at JLT, and we worked on purpose and culture and our colleagues are highly engaged and focused. But one of the things we've been working on is investing aggressively in our client service operations as well.

We have a broad program called OPEX, short for operational excellence to improve efficiency, to improve client service outcomes, but also to increase the capacity of our market-facing colleagues as well. And so a fair amount of the hiring came in service centers around the world. And of course, it's not just talent, we're supporting that talent with investments in technologies, we try to automate more and more of our processes.

And we have a follow-up question from Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo.

Welcome back, Elyse.

You guys reported 10% organic growth so far this year. We'll see how the Q4 shakes out. So put you within the range of double-digit for the year. Typically, you guys talk to a 3% to 5% view. Obviously, we've been better this year. You have all this hiring that seems like it will be incremental to revenue next year as well. So could you give us an initial view? I know you guys typically wait until the fourth quarter. But do you have some initial thoughts that you could share with us when you think about the organic growth outlook for 2022?

Sure. Sure. I'll just start with the idea. For the fourth quarter, the top line becomes a little bit more challenging, right? Because Marsh grew 4% in the fourth quarter of last year, Carpenter grew 5%, OW grew 4% and Mercer was down 3%. So across the piece, a little bit tougher, but we've got good momentum in the business, and we feel good about this year. We also feel good about next year and the year after. I mean we have been fundamentally improving the company over the last decade.

We are getting stronger in our capabilities, our geographic breadth, our ability to serve. I mean all of those areas have really dramatically improved, and we believe we are in fundamental growth markets in the areas of risk, strategy and people. I don't care what organization you are and what size, whether you're a large account or a midsized account, you have to address those on a strategic basis and it is incredibly relevant to the C-suites of those companies and organizations to address broadly risk, strategy and people.

And I think we have enduring competitive advantages as well. I mean, as we were talking before, nothing happens here without our colleagues. I mean the quality of our organization, the talent that we have, the culture that we have, the broad capabilities, the global footprint are all enduring competitive advantages. We also continue to acquire talent in the market and acquire businesses, which improve us and improve our capabilities in particular, in middle market on the brokerage side. So there's a lot of growth opportunities. And just to touch as well on expansion opportunities. I mean we're still weighted into upper middle market and large accounts. We've gotten better in the mid middle market. We're going to continue to get better. We're going to continue to broaden into the lower middle market and small commercial, consumer. You'll see us in all of those areas in the future.

Now it's not going to be from 1 year to the next, seeing some just massive change, but this is inevitable in terms of how we build out our business. We're leveraging the combined strengths of our organization as 1 enterprise like never before in areas of healthy societies, cyber, protection gaps, climate. I mean all of those areas we're going to market and addressing our clients' issues with them on a broad basis, not on a narrow basis.

And so our opportunities for revenue growth, in my view, are significant. I won't give you a number right now for 2022. But I think that having not only broken out of the 3% to 5%, but actually tremendously exceeded the 5% level. I think this company can be a real growth firm and that we'll prove that over time. We like to do and then say, rather than the opposite. So I think there will be exciting times at Marsh & McLennan.

Next question comes from the line of David Motemaden with Evercore ISI.

I just had a question on the head count adds. And so just looking back, you added 500 of new headcount in the fourth quarter of 2020 and then 2,000 in the first half of 2021. I'm just wondering, did that have any impact on the organic growth this quarter at all? Or is that still on the come?

Yes. It's negligible. We are seeing some revenue benefit from hiring that we've done at the end of last year and into this year, but most of it is on the come. So it tends to be, you get the expenses right away and you get the revenue a bit later.

Got it. And just to follow up on that last point, Dan. Just on -- it sounds like really big hiring quarter this quarter, 3,000 new headcount, if I sort of take the 5,000 that you said you've hired year-to-date. Is there any rule of thumb just to think about or maybe any sort of number you can give me just how much that weighed on the operating margins in this quarter specifically?

Yes. I'm not going to get into the expense that we're bearing now as a result. I think we -- one of the reasons that we have been pressing on hiring is twofold. One, we are growing very well on the top line, and that was our anticipation and also market opportunity. And so we are, in our view, an employer of choice in this space, and we are pressing our advantage at this moment in time.

The hiring spurt is not going to last forever. But ultimately, we saw an opportunity in the market through dislocation and other factors, and we really pressed on that level. At the end, our expenses are relatively high compared to historical type of expense growth for us, but our expense growth is essentially driven by sales -- by compensation and benefit. But at its very heart, sales compensation due to much higher levels of new business, variable compensation due to much higher levels of profitability and hiring. So comp advantage is driving most of our sales -- most of our expense growth in the quarter and will ease itself out, but it's matching well with current levels of revenue growth. So we feel that this was tremendously opportune time to build capabilities within the firm on an organic basis.

Next question comes from the line of Meyer Shields with KBW.

Great. Two quick questions. We saw sort of a bit of a falloff in organic revenue growth in EMEA and an acceleration in Latin America. I was hoping you could talk about what's going on in those individual markets.

Sure, Meyer. John, do you want to take that?

Yes, Meyer, there's really nothing all that extraordinary that happened in either region. Quarter-to-quarter, obviously, you can see some variation. We did have a bit of nonrecurring issues and tougher comps in EMEA in the quarter, but they weren't material either. I'm pleased with the growth in both regions, and I expect us to continue to perform in both territories going forward.

Okay. And then more broadly, obviously, the organic growth is phenomenal. I'm wondering, is there any element of the growth that is specific to like a post-pandemic era that wouldn't recur?

Well, it's a good question. We're going to find out over time. I think the 1 issue to just bear in mind is the awareness around issues is higher. And I say that because risk awareness is far higher. I think people awareness is far higher. There's whole categories of opportunity in the world for us and others in areas such as ESG, which was not -- which was always considered by companies and organizations, but not nearly to the extent it is today.

And so when you think about just what's going on in the world with regard to climate or D&I, responsible investing, et cetera. These are all new areas of growth for us. You think about things like climate, which was probably not even considered by us 10 years ago, and we think it's one of our major growth opportunities as a firm on a going-forward basis.

And so I would just say, we want to be a leader on ESG. And we look at the addressable market as ESG is being enormous. And right now, it's kind of the developed world public companies. It's going to be all companies everywhere. And so from that standpoint, the addressable market is going to be quite large, and we will be a significant player in it.

Our next question comes from the line of Mike Zaremski with Wolfe Research.

I guess a follow-up to Meyer's question and maybe Elyse's, too. So as you're talking about -- you've been talking a while about broadening Marsh's capabilities, new categories, which are exciting. Just curious if this kind of changes your views on M&A into new areas or technologies over time? Or is it really just kind of what we should be thinking about this kind of same sandboxes, M&A sandboxes you're in currently?

Our M&A sandbox is very broad. Maybe our M&A that we've actually executed on is narrower than what we actually look at. But the sandbox is quite broad. And I think you'd be surprised at some of the adjacencies and areas we look at. I mean we -- I think as I was mentioning earlier, the areas of risk, strategy and people have all kinds of elements to them that would enable us to continue to build capabilities with acquiring firms. We like firms that have recurring revenue. We like firms that are advisory based with transactions. Doesn't mean that all of our acquisitions will fit that criteria, but that's a lot of them. And then we also like firms where we can see the business benefit, the financial benefit to us, even if it's a bit out there, we can see it.

And some of the things we look at, frankly, in the amount of liquidity and money that's being generated in the world and available. We just look at it and say we can't -- we like the company, and it's interesting, but boy, we don't have 30 years to figure out whether it worked or not. And so we're a disciplined acquirer, and we want to acquire things that not only build our capabilities, but also help us financially as well, even if only on an incremental basis.

So I would say, we have a very broad sandbox, but our level of execution has been relatively narrow over the last 5 or 10 years. And that probably continues on that basis. We look at a lot of things and we execute on things that we're really committed to.

Okay. Great. I guess my follow-up, and not to harp on it too much, but because your results were excellent. But it sounds like you're saying that some of the margins were impacted by new hires. Is that the main influence? Are there other items we should be thinking about? And I guess this hiring spurt, should we expect it to continue in the near term? And so we should be kind of thinking about that as we project margins? And then maybe I guess when hiring slows, you have maybe easier comps in outer years?

Yes. I mean first of all, I wouldn't thread about the margins in the quarter. Ultimately, we've said many times, you have to look about margin expansion over longer stretches of time. We've improved our margins for 14 consecutive years and the results are really remarkable from a basis point improvement.

Our margin is up 120 bps year-to-date, and that's on top of 120 bps in 2020 and 110 bps in 2019. So there's not a roll in our margins, and I would expect that our margins next year are going to be better than they are this year. And so that's the way we operate the business, but it's an outcome.

No, we don't sit around the table figuring out how we're going to drive margin. What we do is we figure out how we're going to drive underlying growth and earnings. That's the focus of the current -- of the firm and the outcome of margin expansion is how we run the firm where we think not every quarter, but certainly, every year, revenue growth needs to exceed expense growth. And that's what we do and we've done it consistently. And so we're thrilled about where we are.

What I mentioned earlier is that a lot of the expense growth right now is being driven by compensation around sales and around increased profitability. And so that's a really good place to be in. And our earnings growth is very strong, remarkably strong. And so I hope that answers your question.

Our next question comes from the line of Brian Meredith with UBS.

A couple of questions here. First, just curious, free cash flow down year-over-year. Is that number just due to the hires that you're having right now? And should we expect to see free cash flow start some good growth with earnings here perhaps in 2022?

Brian, I'm going to hand off to Mark for that.

Actually, we're really happy with free cash flow. Year-to-date, I think you have to be careful. There's a lot that can happen to cause volatility in a quarter with a cash flow statement, even across a year. But free cash flow growth for us has been a great story over a long period of time. If you go back over a decade, we've generated double-digit growth in free cash flow. And we're up -- if you look year-to-date this year, we're up 5%, and that's on top of 56% growth in free cash flow last year. So I think any growth above a big stair step up last year is pretty good. So I think overall, our cash generation this year is strong, and that's what's enabling us to deploy so much capital.

Great. That's really helpful. And then second question. Dan, more just a broad-based question here. Inflation has been obviously a hot topic just across the markets. Just give us your perspective on kind of what's going on with inflation right now. And particularly as it relates to some of the kind of commercial lines insurance market, are you seeing any inflationary pressures when you start to handle claims for clients and stuff or not at this point?

Yes. Why don't I take that and then I'll hand to John and Martine to just say are you seeing inflation in any way in the conversations with clients and what we're hearing from markets. I mean, historically, we've done some work. And we tend to do, as a company, better in inflationary periods. I mean, elements of our revenue base react to inflation, such as higher insured values, and we've proven that we can manage our expense base. And so sometimes the revenue runs a little bit because of inflation, and we're still managing our expense base.

So when we look back to inflationary periods over the last 25 years, we've tended to outperform and do pretty well. And overall, I'll just mention on the economic environment, not just inflation. I mean there's a lot of positive features about the economic environment, particularly in the United States. I mean, sales are up, consumer spending is up, business confidence is positive, but there are a lot of potential risks. And inflation is probably the biggest one of them, but you also have the supply chain issues that we've all been reading about, the return to office that we're all going to be navigating over the coming months, concerns around COVID variant.

So it is a tremendously difficult time to look forward, say, 4 quarters or so and get a real beat on what the economic performance is, although I do note that most GDP forecast for next year is in that kind of 4% and 5% range, so not bad. But starting with John, what are you hearing from markets and clients around inflation? And then we'll go to Martine.

Certainly hearing concerns on multiple levels, maybe I'll start on the -- just on the claims side for a second. And Peter mentioned earlier that more than $100 billion worth of cat losses. Of course, we're typically accustomed to demand surge related kind of temporary inflation, if you will, around cat losses. But it's further -- those issues are further exacerbated by the supply chain challenges that we're seeing in markets.

So there's some level of concern there in terms of what it will mean ultimately to loss costs around cats. I mentioned earlier the impact of social inflation around liability claims, particularly here in the United States and a couple of other jurisdictions as quarter 3 opened after the pandemic. And we're seeing some evidence of that, although broad-based evidence is really yet to show itself. Of course, payrolls and employment levels are important from a demand perspective around commercial insurance and work comp, in particular. And so there is concern about wage inflation from some of our clients and the impact on growing costs there.

And maybe with that, I'll hand it to Martine to talk maybe more about the benefits side of things.

Yes. No, thanks, John. And indeed, wage inflation and inflation in general, usually, we do well in these times. One, because our clients really need help in managing these increased costs. So how do they manage through medical inflation, which we believe is coming back now that regular care will resume, which has tended to keep premium a bit lower during COVID. The same thing on wage inflation, looking at accelerating transformation program with clients to address the procurement and the profile of their workforce.

And in terms of pension plans as well, I mean, we have to watch on that. As soon as there is pressures in the economy and system, governance spike up in terms of helping clients manage the asset side of their pension funds more tightly. And therefore, that's usually good for the OCIO business in our investment management solutions. And lastly, from a management of our business, most, if not all, of our multiyear assignments would have automatic adjustment to inflation. So we've seen that moving before some years ago.

Our next question comes from the line of Michael Phillips with Morgan Stanley.

First question on -- have you seen at a higher level, any impact of tax reform on M&A activity at the industry level, either changing the timing of it, of M&A? Or deals paid -- the multiples paid? Any impact there at all?

There's been in -- there's a lot of deals out there, but that has been pretty consistent over the last several years. And whether there is some marginal impact of people trying to get ahead of whatever could happen in the U.S. tax environment, it would be on the edges. It's not driving like a more significant level than what we've seen. There's been a lot of sellers out there. I think there's a lot of sellers out there mainly because there's a lot of capital out there and valuations are pretty strong. It's probably the biggest factor as to what's driving M&A activity.

Okay. And then just a quick follow-up on the last couple of comments on inflation. You talked a lot about -- a lot of questions on hiring you've done and possible impacts on your margins there. But I guess, specifically to you guys, on wage inflation, any impacts there you've seen, you felt in current margins or you expect to impact that in your margins for you guys specifically?

Yes. I'll hand off to Martine and then to Nick to just talk about whether they're seeing in the client base and in fact, in our own firm, any pressures around wage inflation. We're watching it very closely. Obviously, we're all reading about inflation in general and also in the dynamic between employers and employees across many industries, the employees seem to be in charge right now. And so I think that not only wages and benefits, but more broadly, environment of how companies operate, the attractiveness of their work environment, et cetera, are key factors in terms of the ability to retain people and the ability to attract high-quality people.

But why don't we start with Martine, and see what you're seeing, and then we'll go to Nick.

Yes. From a wage inflation point of view in the market, what we're seeing is that there's more pressure at the lower end of the wage spectrum, where there is a lot of movement there to attract people to jobs that have been really hard hit during the pandemic. And the higher-end white collar professional, what we're seeing is a little bit of a musical chair, I would say. So there's a great resignation, there's kind of people have moved. People are looking for different careers. And we need to help our clients manage through these pressures and demand, but I think this element of it will be temporary and will settle itself over time.

I mean as clients look at, as I said earlier, transforming, focusing on the skills they need, rather than jobs and roles, we see a very important trend there. Dan has spoken earlier about our Skills Edge platform to help clients migrate to that. These are all techniques that will help clients get through this change that we're seeing right now.

So let me hand over to Nick with a bit of a shout out for Oliver Wyman because 2 quarters in a row, of 20%-plus organic growth. Not bad, not bad. And I'm looking forward to finalizing the budget conversation with you later on today. But Nick, are you seeing some wage inflation? Are you hearing it from clients as well?

Yes. Dan. Thank you, Michael, for the question as well. I think I agree with the way that Dan and Martine have both characterized it overall in our businesses. It is a competitive market for talent. And I think our -- we see it in our clients. I think we particularly see it in our business, and there have been a couple of times when with our strong growth, capacity constraints have constrained our ability a little bit. I'm not enormously worried by it. We are finding it -- we're hiring more than we've hired, I think, maybe ever before, but certainly over the last 5 years. I'm hiring extremely rapidly. But we see some of the musical chairs, which Martine described across our businesses, too. So in short, yes, there is a period of employee power and rising wages.

Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Tunis with Autonomous Research.

Dan, I just had one. How do you think about the growth dynamics of the talent pool in the industry as a whole, whether it's a consulting you do or P&C brokerage? I guess I asked because we know there are some areas of brokerage, I guess it's more on the personal line side, where there's kind of secular talent outflow. I'm just trying to get a sense of...

No, it's a very good question. We see no -- Ryan, it's a great question, but we see no problem with our ability to attract talent. In fact, when we hire 5,000 people, you have to understand, we are interviewing 25,000 to 30,000 interviews taking place. We are very selective in how we approach talent. Every time we're seeking talent, we have numerous applicants. And so I think at the very heart of it, it is the work that we do. We're not an insurance business. We're a risk business. We're not a people business from an administrative standpoint. We are a strategic people business.

And so from that standpoint, the purpose of the organization of making a difference for companies in their moments that matter and those inflection points, I think it's very attractive. And so we're able to compete with the best firms in the world for high levels of talent. And when you have the broad base that we have, you can take some risks around, okay, so that person is not a subject matter expert, but boy, they've got a history of success and let's see how they do. And so we can go a little bit broader. So we see none of the constraints that some folks particularly in the insurance industry have in terms of inflow of talent.

I would now like to turn the call back over to Dan Glaser, President and CEO of Marsh & McLennan for any closing remarks.

Thank you, Andrew, and thank you, everybody, for joining us on the call this morning. In particular, I want to thank our 81,000 colleagues for their commitment, hard work and dedication to Marsh & McLennan. It shows. Thank you all very much, and I look forward to speaking with you next quarter.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.