滙豐控股 (HSBC) 2021 Q1 法說會逐字稿

This presentation and subsequent discussion may contain certain forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, capital position and business of the group.

These forward-looking statements represent the group's expectations or beliefs concerning future events and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainty that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.

Additional detailed information concerning important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially is available in our earnings release.

Past performance cannot be relied on as a guide to future performance.

This presentation contains non-GAAP financial information.

Reconciliation of the difference between the non-GAAP financial measurements with the most directly comparable measures under GAAP is provided in the earnings release available at www.hsbc.com.

The analyst and investor conference call for HSBC Holdings plc's earnings release for the first quarter 2021 will begin in 2 minutes.

(Operator Instructions)

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the investor and analyst conference call for HSBC Holdings plc's earnings release for the first quarter 2021.

For your information, this conference is being recorded.

At this time, I will hand the call over to your host, Mr. Noel Quinn, Group Chief Executive.

Thank you.

Thank you, Sharon.

Good morning in London and good afternoon in Hong Kong.

I've got Ewen with me today.

And I wanted to start by sharing on screen our purpose, ambition and our 4 strategic pillars: to focus on our strengths, to digitize at scale, to energize for growth and to lead the transition to net zero.

I will return to these in a moment, but first, I'll run through some highlights before Ewen takes you through our financial performance.

We've had a good start to the year.

I've seen excellent energy within the business, strong collaboration and a determination to get things done for our customers.

I'm very grateful to all of my colleagues for the way they've managed growing demand since the turn of the year and for the single-minded way they helped our customers to capture both present and future opportunities.

There are many parts of the world where the pandemic remains a very, very real part of people's lives.

Our thoughts are with the people of India, in particular, and we're working hard to support our colleagues and customers in India through this very tough time.

In terms of our financial performance, our good business performance, supported by a net release of expected credit losses, delivered reported pretax profit of $5.8 billion, which were up 79% on last year's first quarter.

We strengthened our lending pipelines across our Personal and Commercial Banking businesses, which bodes well for our future revenue.

Our cost and RWA programs remain on track, with $443 million of quarterly cost program savings and $9 billion of gross RWA savings in the quarter.

And we retained a strong capital ratio of 15.9%, with further growth in both deposits and lending.

Turning now to a few highlights on Slide 3. The combination of our digital campaigns and growing customer confidence saw strong credit card sales growth in Hong Kong.

We saw good mortgage growth with drawdowns up 60% in the U.K. and 37% in Hong Kong.

Our wealth strategy got off to a strong start with 23% growth in overall wealth balances.

We attracted $13 billion of net new money into private banking in the quarter and $11 billion of net new money into asset management.

We saw good loan volume growth in Commercial Banking and month-by-month increases in lending approvals, with nearly double the approvals in March of any 1 month in 2020.

Global Banking and Markets had a good quarter, supported by strong customer activity in capital markets.

We led more than $567 billion of capital markets financing across global debt and equity markets and syndicated loans, including around $40 billion of social and COVID-19 response bonds, which is around 29% of the total market.

This was a global performance with good profitability in all regions and growth of $3.2 billion in profits booked outside of Asia compared with last year's first quarter.

Moving to Slide 4. I said in February that our growth and transformation plans were already in motion, and you can see the evidence of that here.

Under focusing on our strengths, we've already grown wealth balances in Asia by 18% year-on-year.

We've grown our Asia wealth FTEs by more than 600, including around 100 new client-facing wealth planners in Mainland China.

And we've grown trade finance lending in Asia by around $3 billion, mainly in China and Hong Kong.

Under digitize at scale, we started to integrate our market-leading PayMe app in Hong Kong into merchant checkouts and officially launched HSBC Kinetic for SMEs in the U.K. with around 6,000 customers already signed up.

Under energize for growth, we're applying all that we've learned through lockdown, combined with our digital investment to improve the way we work.

We're moving to a hybrid model wherever possible, giving our people the flexibility to work in a way that suits both them and their customers.

We will need less office space as a result, and we have a plan to reduce our global office footprint by more than 3.6 million square feet or around 20% by the end of 2021.

We're also relocating 3 of our global business CEOs to Asia on a permanent basis, taking them closer to our customers and to the core of our business.

On the transition to net zero, we've published details of the climate resolution that we'll put to shareholders at our AGM in May.

We are one of the founder members of the global Net Zero Banking Alliance that launched last week.

We maintained our leadership position in sustainable finance, following a record quarter for global ESG bond issuance, and we're piloting a new tool in the U.K. to help SMEs better understand their ESG performance and to prepare to take action.

It's early days, but we're carrying good momentum into the second quarter.

Ewen will now take you through our results.

Thanks, Noel, and good morning or afternoon all.

We had a good quarter against the backdrop of ultra-low rates.

Reported post-tax profits of $4.6 billion, that's up 82% on last year's first quarter; and an annualized return on tangible equity of 10.2%.

Adjusted revenues were down 3% on last year's first quarter, largely due to the impact of ultra-low interest rates.

But there were notably good performances in some segments, including Asia wealth in Wealth and Personal Banking; Asia trade finance in Commercial Banking; and capital markets and advisory, debt trading and equities in Global Banking and Markets.

Relative to the first quarter of 2020, adjusted revenues also benefited from the reversal of negative insurance market impacts and Global Banking and Markets valuation adjustments.

Expected credit losses had a $435 million net release.

This reflects both an improved economic outlook for our central scenarios; and in the U.K. and the U.S., lower probabilities attached to downside scenarios.

Operating expenses were up 3%.

This was due to a shift in variable pay accruals to reflect quarterly profitability.

We remain on track to deliver our target of broadly stable costs for the year, ex the bank levy, subject to final decisions on the variable pay pool later in the year.

Lending and deposit balances were both up 1%, with confidence in higher loan growth in the remainder of the year.

Our core Tier 1 ratio remained stable at 15.9%.

And our tangible net asset value per share of $7.78 was up $0.03 on the fourth quarter, with retained profits more than offsetting negative reserve movements.

Turning to Slide 6 and looking at first quarter adjusted revenues across the 3 global businesses.

In Wealth and Personal Banking, revenues were down 1% on a year ago.

Wealth Management revenues grew by just under $1 billion due to the turnaround in insurance market impacts from a big loss last year and a good performance in equity and mutual fund sales in Hong Kong.

Personal Banking revenues fell by $890 million due to the impact of low interest rates on deposit margins.

Commercial Banking revenues were 14% lower due mainly to the impact of low interest rates on global liquidity and cash management but with a good bounce back in trade balances in the quarter and growing confidence in the lending pipeline for the coming quarters.

In Global Banking and Markets, revenues were up 10% with strong performances in global debt markets and equities up 52% and 55%, respectively; and in capital markets and advisory, up more than 100%.

Just to remind you, we have no significant exposure to SPACs, where some peer banks benefited from exceptionally high activity levels in the first quarter.

On Slide 7, net interest income was $6.5 billion, down 14% against the first quarter of 2020 on a reported basis.

On rates, the net interest margin was 121 basis points, down 1 basis point on the fourth quarter, primarily reflecting the fall in HIBOR during the first quarter.

On volumes, we saw continued good volume growth in mortgages in both Hong Kong and the U.K. and strong commercial applications that we expect to translate into volumes in the coming quarters.

Looking forward to the remainder of the year, despite some continuing rolling impact of last year's shift in interest rates, we expect volume growth to support net interest income at levels broadly in line with the first quarter.

On the next slide, net interest income was $6.8 billion, up 15% against last year's first quarter, but noting last year was negatively impacted by volatile items due to COVID-19.

Overall, net interest income stabilized in the quarter compared with falls over the previous 3 quarters.

Wealth and Personal Banking and Global Banking and Markets benefited from higher volumes, better equity and mutual fund sales and stronger capital market activity.

FX revenues were down year-on-year, but this was still a good performance against an exceptional first quarter of 2020.

Commercial Banking was down slightly, reflecting lower trade and payment volumes due to the continuing impact of COVID-19 on activity levels.

Looking forward, we expect customer activity and fee income to continue to recover as economic activity recovers, although this obviously remains subject to the impact of new COVID-19 variants and the continuing success we've seen to date in the rollout of the global vaccination program.

On the next slide, we had a net release of $435 million of expected credit losses in the quarter.

This compares with a $3.1 billion charge in the first quarter of 2020.

The net release was across all global businesses and reflected an improvement in the economic outlook notably in the U.K., including a reduction in downside probabilities.

Last year's first quarter included a large charge related to one single name corporate exposure in Singapore, but this year's first quarter was still very benign for stage 3 charges, particularly on the wholesale side.

We've retained ECL uncertainty overlays of $1.5 billion, broadly the same as the fourth quarter, recognizing the risk that still exists from the pandemic.

But based on the current economic outlook, we now expect the ECL charge for the full year to be below medium-term through the cycle planning range of 30 to 40 basis points.

Turning to Slide 10.

First quarter adjusted operating costs were $220 million higher than the same period last year.

This was driven by higher performance-related pay accrual of $474 million, primarily due to a shift in accruing a higher percentage of variable pay this quarter relative to the first quarter of 2020.

We made a further $443 million of cost program savings in the quarter, with an associated cost to achieve of $319 million.

To date, our cost programs have achieved annualized saves of some $2.2 billion against our target of $5 billion to $5.5 billion, with cumulative cost to achieve spend of $2.2 billion.

We're not softening our vigorous approach on costs.

We continue to expect our 2021 costs to be broadly in line with 2020, excluding the benefit from a reduced bank levy.

This is subject to final decisions on our variable pay pool later in the year, which will be primarily driven by the pretax profitability of the group.

Turning to capital on Slide 11.

The impact of profit generation in the quarter was offset by fair value movements and other deductions, including around 10 basis points for foreseeable dividends.

As a result, our core Tier 1 ratio was unchanged at 15.9%.

In line with our shift to a payout ratio approach going forward, the deduction for our foreseeable dividends was based on 1 quarter of the 2020 $0.15 dividend.

We expect to make the same capital deduction in the next 2 quarters based on the same trailing dividend assumption.

But to be clear, we are not signaling with this our 2021 dividend intentions.

Excluding FX movements, risk-weighted assets fell by $6 billion in the first quarter due to changes to our portfolio mix and methodology and model updates.

To remind you, we do expect some core Tier 1 headwinds going forward from regulatory changes.

These haven't changed from the full year.

So in summary, against the backdrop of ultra-low interest rates, this was a strong quarter for us, our best in reported profits since the onset of COVID-19, and an annualized return on tangible equity of 10.2%.

While the results were flatted by a net release of ECLs, we saw strong performances across various parts of the bank, with continued strength in Asia despite the impact of a very low HIBOR and a material recovery in profitability outside of Asia.

As we look out, there remains heightened levels of uncertainty, particularly driven by the continuing emergence of COVID-19 variants, so expect us to retain a conservative position on capital funding and liquidity for the time being.

However, based on the first quarter performance and the strengthened economic outlook, Noel and I are more optimistic about this year, albeit cautiously than we were at our full year results in mid-February.

With that, Sharon, if we could please open up for questions.

(Operator Instructions) Your first question today comes from the line of Ed Firth, KBW.

I guess, 1 -- well, 2 questions, actually, if that's okay.

I didn't expect to get on first.

It was a bit of a surprise.

You caught me out.

The first question was on capital.

I was sort of surprised that the capital ratio wasn't stronger given the earnings beat and risk-weighted assets falling.

And I just wondered if you could give us some more color around, I think there's a minus 400 -- more or less 40 basis points hit in the chart.

Exactly what's driving that and how we might expect that to progress going forward?

I guess that was the first question.

And then the second question was, restructuring charges seemed to be running some way lower than you were perhaps informally guiding to anyway at the full year.

Should we expect those to pick up during the rest of the year?

And can you give us sort of any color on how that might end up?

Yes.

Look, on the restructuring charges, we're not changing our full year guidance we gave at the full year results.

You're right, Q1 was unusually low, so yes, you should expect those to pick up as the year progresses.

On capital, yes, a few things.

There were deductions for fair value reserve movements on cash flow and negative FX movements.

There was a high deduction for BoCom as its profits increased.

And again, note that we talked about a 10 basis point deduction for the foreseeable dividend, which is new for us, but would represent a change in policy because we've shifted to a payout ratio policy.

Okay.

So I mean, based on what we can see, the bulk of those sound to me like they're peculiar to this quarter.

That's not -- there's not a sort of underlying...

Yes, they are peculiar to this quarter.

Your next question comes from the line of Fahed Kunwar from Redburn.

Just a couple of questions.

The first one is on margins, and you gave color on this during the call.

But just to dive in all your major regions, just to understand, how much of that is kind of lower rates feeding through previously lower rates and slightly lower HIBOR?

And is there anything on competitive pressure that's drifting those margins down?

Is it -- or is it all about the background yield curve rates?

The second question is just on the write-back, actually.

So it does look like a lot of the write-backs were in the U.K., particularly U.K. commercial.

A, is that right?

Were they mainly in U.K. commercial?

And b, what did you see that was driving that?

Was there an outlook on the vaccine rollout, whether specific data points that you were seeing on the U.K. corporates or U.K. personal, if that was the case?

Yes.

On NIM, it was, I think, almost exclusively driven by the shift in yield curves.

So I mean, what we're actually seeing -- yes, we've broadly repriced all of our liabilities now.

And on the asset side, actually, we're seeing some opportunity for margin expansion.

So for example, in the U.K., we increased margins to try and slow down some of the inflow that we were seeing.

And we have, for several quarters, seen some opportunity to reprice in Asia on the commercial side.

So we do think that we are now close to troughing on NIM.

I mean, obviously, HIBOR flipped a little bit further in Q1.

But as you know, that translates very rapidly into the books, given the short-dated nature of assets and liabilities in Hong Kong.

And for net interest income, yes, loan growth in Q1 was sort of mid-2s percent, and we're signaling that we expect mid-single-digit growth over the full year.

So that does imply much higher growth rates than lending volumes in the remaining 3 quarters, which we've got confidence in given the pipelines that we can see, which should help support net interest income over the remainder of the year or even if there is still some residual NIM pressure coming from the roll-off of books as a result of last year's interest rate shift.

On write-backs, you're right, there was a larger write-back in commercial, particularly in U.K. commercial, I think, in part, that reflected the very large reserve buildup that we had last year.

Look, overall, there were sort of various things going on which made this an unusual quarter for us.

Firstly, we had very low stage 3 losses, around about $300 million or so in the quarter, which was unusually low, we think.

And secondly, on stage 1 and stage 2, 2 things really, an improvement in economic forecast for central scenarios in most places that we do business, coupled with, as you know, we went into the full year with very large probabilities, particularly in the U.K. against downside scenarios, which we have reduced on the back of a very successful vaccination program here.

And we would expect -- we're also seeing that in the U.S., and we would expect to see that in other markets as the vaccine programs ramp up elsewhere.

Your next question comes from the line of Omar Keenan from Crédit Suisse.

Can you hear me okay?

Yes.

Great.

My question is that with the Wealth and Personal Banking rationalization in France and the U.S. So I was just wondering what the appetite might be to use released risk-weighted assets and potentially excess capital to add portfolios in your other markets where it might make sense.

And I'm noting here that a large global bank has put up consumer balances, say, in about [13] markets.

So I was just wondering where your view is of where, yes, markets might overlap in those geographies where HSBC might think it makes sense to be bigger rather than smaller.

Omar, thank you.

As you know, our primary focus in the WPB business is to grow our wealth part of that business, and therefore, we are looking at opportunities for both organic and bolt-on inorganic opportunities.

But it's primarily focused on wealth businesses, either acquiring product or distribution capability in Wealth Management, insurance and private banking.

That's the primary focus rather than just the geographic expansion of Retail Banking capability.

So we're more focused on that for opportunity.

And it will be Asia-based largely.

So essentially, the way that we should read that is that there's going to be no balance sheet bolt-on M&A that would consume any excess capital.

It's really just you're focused on organic strategy.

Well, we would use capital to do an M&A deal, but it'd be -- what we're buying is less Retail Banking assets, more Wealth Management capabilities.

So we will use up -- we will use freed-up capital if we see bolt-on acquisition opportunities.

But as I say, it's more around Wealth Management capabilities than it is Retail Banking capabilities.

We will look at opportunities as they emerge.

Yes.

No, we use -- make sure you listen to the word bolt-on.

We're not sort of planning anything substantive.

So will it eat into some of the excess capital?

Yes, but it will be relatively modest if we choose to do anything.

Yes, that's understood.

Can I maybe just ask a quick follow-up on that?

So having said that and just bearing in mind your comments from last quarter (inaudible) not to expect buybacks this year, could you perhaps paint the path for us towards returning excess capital, which HSBC is clearly building?

Ewen?

Yes.

So I mean, I think we've been clear in our distribution policy.

Certainly, our dividend policy, we said we're going to shift to a 40% to 55% payout ratio from next year.

That's going to be all cash.

This year, we're going to transition towards that.

We were close to an 80% payout ratio last year.

We do expect, subject to seeing how the second quarter goes, to be in a position to pay an interim dividend in the middle of the year and then reevaluate whether or not we'll shift the quarterly dividends from -- at the end of this year.

On buybacks, look, we continue to have no current intention to do buybacks this year.

You know that we've used buybacks in the past, so there's certainly something that we do and do actively consider as a tool of capital management.

And we are committed to active capital management.

Yes, we do think at the moment that, yes, when we look at consensus versus where we are, we do see RWA growth probably being a tad higher than is in most people's models.

We see loan growth being fuller than I think all of you are currently modeling.

Yes, that's on the back, I think, of, yes, very strong growth that we continue to see in mortgages across the U.K. and Hong Kong, yes, a commercial pipeline that is building nicely.

And just in context, in one of the slides, you'll see that our commercial pipeline is running close to 50% higher than it was in Q4 in Q1.

And we do think other segments like consumer credit will bounce back as we recover out of COVID.

Yes, there are about $20 billion of regulatory headwinds that we see this year.

Offsetting that is the sort of $30 billion or so of RWA rundown that we expect.

We're making good progress on that.

We did about $9 billion in the first quarter.

And the last thing is we're still cautious on credit rating migration, particularly as some of the government support packages roll off here in the U.K., for example, as furlough rolls off and what impact that has on credit later in the year.

So yes, we are probably slightly more cautious on capital and excess capital than would be in your numbers at the moment.

Your next question comes from the line of Tom Rayner, Numis.

Just 2 questions, please.

First, on credit quality, you've obviously released $0.7 billion from stage 1 to reserves in Q1.

I think you flagged $6.8 billion still left on the balance sheet.

And your guidance, if I take the bottom of your range and I understand it could be below, would suggest a sort of full year charge of somewhere around $3 billion or lower.

I just wonder, that guidance in itself, what does that imply in terms of further stage 1, 2 release since for the rest of 2021?

And then I know you've already touched on this.

I was going to ask you to then just expand on your thoughts about when the government programs actually do end.

What's your thoughts on sort of releases over a 2- to 3-year period?

That was the first question.

And I have a second one on cost, please.

Okay.

Well, look, on ECLs, I mean, I said in my opening remarks that we've retained uncertainty overlays of about $1.5 billion.

So we think we're retaining currently about 70% of the reserve build up in stage 1 and stage 2. If we were to stick to the central economic scenario, I would think you would see some of that get released this year, maybe some of it get released in the first half of next year.

I think we're going to continue to be pretty cautious about how we do release.

We're not expecting a repeat of Q1 in terms of further ECL performance during the remainder of the year.

And there still is a pretty broad array of outcomes, I think, depending on how we progress out of COVID.

And obviously, there are a few risks on the horizon, particularly around new variants and whether any of those become vaccine-resistant.

So where we land below 30 basis points, we'll see.

But you should assume that within that, that we're confident that we will end up below 30 basis points.

I think it's important -- I mean, you know as well, it's important that we adopt a cautiously optimistic approach to reserves.

And the way the economy will develop, we're optimistic, we're seeing good signs.

But it's still relatively early days for the vaccination program, and that's why we wanted to retain around 70% of the provisions that we created last year.

We've had a very good stage 3 quarter in Q1 with only $300 million of stage 3 charges.

That's below the normal trend line that one would expect.

So I think it's right to be cautiously optimistic and continue to position the balance sheet cautiously.

Yes.

I mean, I think I was possibly leaning to argue being too cautious now, but I completely get the point about the uncertainty over government programs and vaccines.

And I think we can adjust -- as the year develops, we'll adjust, on a quarterly basis, our view of what the future holds.

Okay.

Okay.

Lovely.

And just on costs, the -- your comments on broadly stable for the full year barring further performance-related issues.

I mean, it -- if I looked at last year and I just took Q1, it was very neat 25% of the full year total ex the levy.

If I annualize Q1 this year, I'm looking at sort of 3% growth.

I'm just trying to get a feel for where your confidence is coming from.

Is this just the incremental cost savings?

Or are you really building in an expectation that this performance-related pay is going to push us away from that broadly stable?

I mean, if it is performance-related, that's not a bad thing either necessarily, but I'm just trying to get a feel for how confident you are really on that broadly stable target.

Yes.

So look, in the first quarter, the -- there was about a $300 million to $400 million adjustment due to the -- us taking a higher accrual for variable pay compared to Q1 last year.

So I think if you back that number out, what you'll see is that we were broadly flat costs in the quarter.

And you would expect the variable pay accrual, other than being equal, to be a few hundred million dollars lower for the remaining quarters of the year, which I think gives you confidence in that statement.

All we're signaling on the variable pay accrual -- I think what we saw in as part of the full year results, as you will all know, there was a very different approach across the sector in terms of performance pay.

We took our pool down by close to 20% for the full year, but we saw some peers, particularly U.S. peers and particularly some European peers who were concentrated on the wealth and investment banking space, pay in very different places.

So we're just cognizant of the fact that for competitive reasons, we may need to top-up our current pool assumptions as the year progresses, but that would only be done in the context of improved profitability.

But absent that change -- and again, in context, we paid about $2.8 billion in variable pay last year, so you can do your own math and size what that risk is.

But absent that, we're very confident that we're on track to deliver broadly flat cost this year.

And I would stress there's no change at all in the internal management focus on the cost program.

And your next question comes from the line of Guy Stebbings, Exane.

I have 2 questions on RWAs and then just briefly come back on costs.

I just wanted to check, on the RWAs, your commentary, you see other rates being higher than consensus, is that a reference beyond 2020 -- 2021?

Just as we look at Q1, quite an encouraging quarter even taking the FX and gross saves.

So given where we start Q2, further growth saves to come, it did strike me that consensus looks particularly high in 2021, but perhaps you're more cautious in terms of credit migration and the volume growth.

I just want to check if it's a '21 or beyond sort of story there.

And then the second question is just on costs, sort of come back to your commentary on performance.

I think initially, you said it would be driven by PBT.

So I was interested, is that more weighted to pre-provision profit or to impairments, where materially low but below medium-term cost of risk that could be a factor?

Or is it more sort of competitive pressures that you just talked to that would drive that?

Yes.

I mean, variable pay is set on -- largely on bottom line profitability, but we do take some and -- well, yes, for example, last year, I think profits fell by around 1/3, and we took the variable pay pool down by 20%.

If we saw the reverse go this year and it was largely driven by ECL outperformance, I don't think we would take all of that outperformance into a change in variable pay.

Correct.

And you've got to remember, what we're managing to is leaving VP to one side.

We're on track and confident of our ability to deliver the transformation cost savings that we talked about in February and the February before that.

So the underlying cost position in the bank is well-positioned and on track to meet those expectations.

We've had a strong profit performance in Q1, and therefore, we've topped up the VP for the Q1 performance.

We'll have to see what happens in Q2, Q3 and Q4.

But the most important message for you is we're on track for our underlying transformation cost savings.

Yes.

And on the question on RWAs, yes, just in terms of '22, again, I think, yes, we would be confident of achieving, yes, mid-single-digit loan growth.

We've probably got another $20-or-so billion to go on our RWA reduction program next year.

But then you will have Basel III reform coming through, which will probably lead to a 4% to 5% uplift in RWAs next year.

So if you -- I don't know how that compares with consensus, but broadly, that's what's in our head at the moment.

Your next question comes from the line of Manus Costello from Autonomous.

I just wanted to come back on the point on costs, please.

I just wanted to understand more how it will evolve going forward.

Because from what you're saying, it sounds as if to the extent that revenues are being led by areas like wealth and markets, that will drive potentially higher variable compensation and therefore, higher expenses than you've been guiding for.

But am I right to say if revenue growth hands-off to more balance sheet-led type NII in Commercial Banking, we wouldn't see that?

Yes.

Look, Manus, it's always going to be a mix of our internal metrics of what we think, yes, we can afford based on the profitability of the group, but we can never be incognizant of what's going on in the market.

So if we are seeing competitive pressure in areas like Asia wealth and investment banking more broadly, we have to be in a position to respond to those competitive pressures.

But I think your statement is right, to the extent that what we see is a rebalancing of profitability being driven out of the commercial bank and the retail bank, that won't necessarily drive the same competitive pressure on performance pay.

Manus, the only other thing I'd say is when we talked about our future growth plans in February, we assumed a growth in revenue coming -- in tracking back to 10% RoTE plus, we had a rebound in ECLs.

We had further performance on cost takeout, and we had a reboot of revenue from a reboot of the economy and incremental activity that we're investing in.

So we had assumed revenue growth going forward in 2021 and '22 and beyond.

And therefore, we had assumed a growth in profit and wherefore we had assumed the growth in variable pay to match that path.

And that was all inherent in the cost statements we made back in February.

So we have put into our future forecast a growth in VP to match the growth in the P&L that we expect to see.

What I think you saw in Q1 is a particularly strong performance in Q1.

That was over and above that underlying curve that gets us to that 10% RoTE.

Now if that overperformance continues in future quarters, then maybe that assumed growth in VP will be higher in the future than was in that original assumption, but so too would be the PBT and so too would be the revenue.

So I don't assume there isn't a growth in VP inherent in the plans that underpinned the journey to a 10% RoTE.

Does that makes sense?

It does, yes.

That's clear.

Your next question comes from the line of Yafei Tian from Citigroup.

I have a question related to the top line, really trying to understand the beat for noninterest income.

I see that wealth is particularly strong, and on the Slide 4, you mentioned that the net new money for private banking, you see a very strong growth in this quarter as well.

Just trying to separate some of the internal changes as well as growth that you have done from a sustainable basis from this more volatile market trends.

Would you be able to give us some more detailed guidance in terms of how much wealth-related revenue growth you are expecting for this year and probably for the coming years based on your internal planning?

Yes.

It was hard to hear you, but I think what you are looking for was more of an indication of where the growth in wealth is coming from.

And let me also be clear, we started that journey of investing in our wealth businesses last year, and that was investing in a build-out of our product capability to make sure we had good product capability on the shelf in Asia and an investment in distribution.

So we launched the Pinnacle initiative in China as an example.

But we were also investing in private banking, in our insurance business.

We were investing in both physical manpower to drive that growth and wealth managers, but we were also investing in digital infrastructure.

So our insurance business in Hong Kong particularly launched a lot of new initiatives last year, new products, digital base supported by extra salespeople, and that's what's been driving the growth of our wealth revenues in Asia.

I would -- it's not just market sentiment or market valuations that are driving that growth.

It's actual underlying growth that's coming through.

Now we still have more to do.

We recruited an extra 600 wealth managers in Asia in the first quarter alone, 100 of those in China as part of an expansion of our Pinnacle opportunities.

The conversion -- where are we getting the business?

How are we sourcing that wealth opportunity?

Well, I'm pleased to say we're sourcing a lot of it from our existing client base.

Around about 60% of the net new money that goes into our private bank comes from Commercial Banking clients and Global Banking clients.

The owners of those businesses are putting their personal wealth with us.

The same is true of asset management.

Around 75% of the net new money for asset management is coming from internal HSBC clients.

So it's true organic growth at an underlying level, not just growth in assets as a consequence of market revaluation of those assets.

There is an element of that in Q1 as markets revalued, but it's -- there's a lot of it coming from underlying growth.

Would it be possible to give us some guidance in terms of the wealth revenue growth outlook into percentage?

We talked about our revenue growth outlook at the -- in February.

We're assuming -- for Asian wealth, we're assuming close to double-digit growth in assets, as we said in February, and mid-single-digit growth in other regions outside of Asia.

And that would result in probably Asia wealth revenues to grow at around about 10% CAGR over the next few years.

And if I remember correctly, I think if you look at market sentiment and market stats, you're probably looking at the underlying market in Asia probably growing 6%, 7%, 8%.

So we're trying to outperform the market by the organic investment program that we're putting in place.

Your next question comes from the line of Raul Sinha, JPMorgan.

The first one is just on loan book, loan demand.

I was trying to understand a couple of points.

Firstly, how sustainable do you think this current activity spike in the U.K. mortgage market is?

Obviously, all of the U.K. banks have benefited from very strong mortgage pipelines and pricing.

So I'm just wondering, tying that into your overall comments on loan demand, to what you're assuming happens to that for the rest of the year.

And then just related to that, I suspect there's an element of pent-up demand in other areas of loans in the U.K. as well as probably across your footprint as well.

So to balance that out, if you could talk a little bit about where you see pent-up demand in loan growth.

Yes.

Let me deal with the consumer book first, the Retail Banking business first.

I think in the U.K., it's true that there is strong activity at the moment.

There will undoubtedly be an element of that, which is driven by the stamp duty holidays that were put in place that are likely to come to an end shortly.

But I also believe there is some structural changes taking place in the U.K., in that the housing market in the U.K. I think will remain active for quite a period of time as the housing stock has continued to be built out.

So I think there's an underlying growth curve there, and there's a potential temporary growth curve as a consequence of the stamp duty holiday.

We -- I think we'll see a pickup in activity on consumer lending, unsecured lending, credit card activity in the second half of the year, not just in the U.K., but across the world.

If you just take our own balance sheet, we grew last year our deposit balances by around about $170 billion last year.

Now an element of that $170 billion will turn into cash spend by consumers and businesses in the second half of this year, or start -- already started but will continue to pick up.

But I think you're going to see traditional unsecured lending, credit card activity be an increase in the second half of this year.

Hong Kong remains strong demand on mortgage growth, and we're pleased on that.

More broadly into the wholesale business, what I saw at the end of last year, particularly in Q4, was a lot of activity from corporate borrowers seeking facility renewals or facility extensions to get ready -- to get their balance sheet ready for the upturn in the economy as they started to see vaccines come on stream.

But I didn't see that translate into loan drawdowns in Q4 of last year.

I have started to see that take place in Q1 of this year.

So for example, the trade balance sheet in Asia grew by $3 billion in the first quarter of this year.

That's an indication of underlying economic growth.

And if the vaccine programs continue as they currently are, you could assume that, that trend will continue and could well pick up.

And then more generally, there was a -- starting to see a drawdown in those facilities that were negotiated at the end of last year taking place in Q1.

So overall, our Commercial Banking balance sheet grew by $2 billion in Q1 of this year.

And our Personal Banking loan book grew as well.

So I think it's early stage of growth, and I could expect the trend to pick up as -- over the next 3 quarters.

That's really helpful.

I was wondering if I can have one more on capital, just a very quick clarification.

I was wondering if you have any further thoughts on the stress testing timeline this year and if there's any scope for regulatory restrictions in the U.K. to come off earlier for yourselves.

Well, I mean, I think you know that there's a sort of current mini stress tests being done by the Bank of England and the PRA, and that was in the absence of them having done an annual cyclical scenario at the back end of last year.

As we sit here today, I guess, we're not expecting any surprises out of that given we've been extensively stress testing our books through the pandemic.

And in recent months, obviously, outlook has improved.

So yes, we're not expecting the Bank of England at this point to be -- we're expecting us to be the driver of our distribution policy, I guess, is the better way of describing it.

We will now take our last question, and the question comes from the line of Martin Leitgeb from Goldman Sachs.

I just had a follow-up on earlier comments on margin outlook from Ewen.

I was just wondering if you could maybe shed a little bit of light on how we should think of NIM progression here for the main business lines, so HBAP, so Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and in particular, the U.K. ring-fenced bank.

I was just wondering if it's fair to assume that the bulk of rate cut impact has, by now, felt through in Hong Kong.

And from here, we should see stability, and if anything, at some point, some gradual growth.

And that, if anything, some of the remaining margin pressures coming through from structural hedge rollover, in particular in the U.K.

And I was just wondering, should we assume margins to remain broadly flat in terms of 1Q level what we have seen?

Or is there -- is your guidance of -- I think you said earlier that 1Q NII is probably representative of the full year, if I understood right.

Does that imply that combined with loan growth, you would expect some further margin compression heading into 2021?

And then just a follow-up on capital.

I was just wondering if you could update us on how much progress you have made in addressing capital inefficiencies within the group.

Whether you could let us know how the principal investment book is at this stage and what portion of transfers into Asia has occurred so far.

Yes.

On NIM question, I mean, you know, Martin, that not all of our interest rate sensitivity is in the first year.

I mean, there is a degree -- we talked about previously about $1 billion of interest rate pressure coming from lower rates into '21.

And then obviously, HIBOR did drop meaningfully in the first quarter, has remained broadly stable in the second quarter at the levels of the first quarter so far.

So we do think we are getting towards the trough of NIM pressure.

But it would be a big call to say that Q1 was the trough.

I still think there will be an element of pressure into the second quarter.

And then obviously, volume growth then provides us confidence that the impact on net interest income is negligible.

The other thing I would say about the growth, that will be back-end loaded as we go progressively through the year and as confidence builds during the year.

And therefore, you won't get much -- as much of that benefit into '21, but you will get all of that benefit into '22.

So I talked about earlier, assuming that the Q1 net interest income was a good guide to the annualized net interest income for the full year.

But you should take away from that, therefore, that we're also confident about decent net interest income growth into '22.

On Hong Kong, most of the impact of lower HIBOR gets translated into our books within 3 months.

So equally, the reverse is true.

If we were to get back to a better short-term HIBOR curves, we would see that very rapidly translate into improved net interest income in Hong Kong.

I'm sorry, I didn't quite catch the second question.

Yes.

I was just wondering on capital inefficiencies.

So previously you spoke about...

Yes.

Okay.

I think (inaudible) a multiyear program of work.

Yes, we've got, for example, probably $5 billion plus of excess capital in the U.S. that will come out, we expect, over several CCAR cycles.

There's various capital optimization opportunities that we're working on in Asia which will take a few years to effect.

So I would say it's sort of a multiyear program of work.

We know what their program of work is, and we're just progressively working on it, and some of it is driven by sort of ongoing discussions with regulators.

And I think the confidence in regulators to see capital release coming out of places will obviously improve as we see a stronger path out of COVID.

Thank you.

I will now hand the call back over to Noel for any closing remarks.

Thanks, Sharon.

So to summarize, we've had a good start to the year with good business growth and an improved lending pipeline moving into the rest of 2021.

We're making good progress on our growth and transformation plans and remain on track to deliver what we promised in February.

We remain absolutely committed to our cost transformation plans.

We're feeling more optimistic about the rest of the year than we did in February, but we remain cautious around the uncertainties that remain.

If you have any further questions, please do pick them up with Richard and the team.

Thank you once again for joining us today.

Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes the call for the HSBC Holdings plc's earnings release for the first quarter 2021.

You may now disconnect.