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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the second-quarter 2014 Akamai Technologies earnings conference call. My name is Derek and I will be your operator for today. (Operator Instructions). As a reminder, this conference is being recorded for replay purposes.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Tom Barth, head of Investor Relations. Please proceed.
Tom Barth - IR
Thank you, Derek, and good afternoon and thank you all for joining Akamai's second-quarter 2014 earnings conference call. Speaking today will be Tom Leighton, Akamai's Chief Executive Officer, and Jim Benson, Akamai's Chief Financial Officer.
But before we get started, please note that today's comments include forward-looking statements, including statements regarding revenue and earnings guidance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and involve a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. Additional information concerning these factors is contained in Akamai's filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
The forward-looking statements included in this call represent the Company's view on July 30, 2014. Akamai disclaims any obligation to update these statements to reflect future events or circumstances.
As a reminder, we will be referring to some non-GAAP financial metrics during today's call. A detailed reconciliation of GAAP and non-GAAP metrics can be found under the financial portion of the investor relations section of our website.
With that, let me turn the call over to Tom.
Tom Leighton - CEO
Thanks, Tom, and thank you all for joining us today.
Q2 was another excellent quarter for Akamai on both the top and bottom lines. Revenue in the second quarter was a record $476 million, up 26% over Q2 of 2013 and coming in near the high end of our guidance range. We had solid growth in all of our geographies and in all of our major product lines, with especially strong growth for our security and media products.
Non-GAAP net income for the second quarter was $106 million, or $0.58 per diluted share. That is also up 26% over Q2 of 2013. This strong result exceeded the high end of our guidance range due to strong operational execution and a favorable tax rate.
I will be back in a few minutes to talk more about our achievements in the second quarter, but first, let me turn the call over to Jim to review our financial results in detail and to provide the outlook for Q3. Jim?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Thank you, Tom, and good afternoon, everyone.
Akamai had a great second quarter and a very strong first half of the year. As Tom outlined, Q2 revenue came in near the high end of our guidance range at $476 million, up 5% sequentially and up 26% year over year, with strong growth across the entire business.
Looking at our performance by solution category, our media delivery solutions revenue was $216 million in the quarter, up 1% sequentially and up 20% year over year. As Tom mentioned, we are very pleased with the growth in media, coming off a very strong first quarter.
Traffic and revenue growth accelerated across most of our customer base, with particularly strong growth coming from our gaming, video, and social media customers. Again this quarter, we delivered some high-profile live events, most notably the recent World Cup matches, which set peak traffic records and contributed modestly to the media revenue achievement.
More important than the media -- the revenue contributions, however, these live events highlight our unique ability to deliver high-quality, live streaming content at very large scale.
Turning to our performance in security solutions, revenue was $217 million in the quarter, up 10% sequentially and up 30% year over year, and for the first time, we had more revenue in a quarter from performance and security solutions than media delivery, which speaks to the growing diversification of our revenue base.
Within this solution category, we saw solid growth in our Web performance solutions and, as Tom mentioned, we saw very strong growth in our cloud security solutions.
Net new signings were especially strong for our security offerings and for Prolexic in particular, another proof point of early traction with our Prolexic integration and also increased customer demand for our overall cloud security portfolio.
Finally, revenue from our services and support solutions was $42 million in the quarter, up 4% sequentially and up 35% year over year. We continue to see solid performance in attaching enterprise-class professional services and customer support to our core business solutions.
Switching now to our geographies, revenue growth continued to be well balanced across all our major theaters. Sales in our international markets represented 28% of total revenue in Q2, consistent with both the prior quarter and Q2 of 2013. International revenue grew 3% sequentially and 27% year over year, with currency fluctuations having a positive impact on revenue of approximately $1 million on a sequential basis and about $3 million on a year-over-year basis. Excluding the impact of currency fluctuations, international revenue grew 2% sequentially and 24% year over year.
We continue to see strong growth in our Asia-Pacific geography and improved performance in our EMEA markets, primarily driven by strength in our performance and security offerings.
Revenue from our US market grew 6% sequentially and 25% year over year, with very balanced growth across all solution categories.
And finally, revenue through resellers represented 25% of total revenue in Q2, up 1 point from the prior quarter and up 5 points from the prior year. This increase was due to continued traction with our carrier partners in particular and contributions from Prolexic's strong channel relationships.
Moving on to costs, as expected our cash gross margin was 78%, consistent with the prior quarter and up 2 points from the same period last year and coming in at the high end of our guidance range. We were very pleased to see the benefits of our ongoing platform efficiency initiatives offset the impact of the Prolexic acquisition.
GAAP gross margin, which includes both depreciation and stock-based compensation, was 69%, consistent with the prior quarter and up 2 points from the same period last year. GAAP operating expenses were $214 million in the second quarter. These GAAP results include depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, restructuring charges, and acquisition-related charges. Excluding these charges, non-GAAP cash operating expenses were $166 million, up $15 million from Q1 levels and at the lower end of our expectations, mainly due to planned hiring shifting into the third quarter.
Adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter was $204 million, consistent with Q1 levels and up 23% from the same period last year. Our adjusted EBITDA margin came in at 43%, down 2 points from Q1 levels and down 1 point from Q2 of last year. This result was at the high end of our guidance range for the quarter, driven by a combination of revenue coming in at the higher end of guidance and slightly lower-than-expected operating expenses, as mentioned earlier.
GAAP depreciation and amortization expenses were $59 million in the second quarter. These GAAP results include depreciation associated with stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, and amortization of capitalized interest expense. Excluding these charges, non-GAAP depreciation was $48 million, up $4 million from Q1 levels and in line with our expectations.
This quarter, we are introducing an additional financial metric, non-GAAP operating income. Non-GAAP operating income is essentially adjusted EBITDA, less non-GAAP depreciation expenses. This is an operational measure we review internally and believe is a useful supplemental metric for investors to capture the depreciation related to our day-to-day operation that the adjusted EBITDA metric does not, and it is also not impacted by taxes, which can move around quarterly for non-operational reasons. This is also a common metric that many of our peers provide.
Non-GAAP operating income for the second quarter was $156 million, down 2% from Q1 levels and up 20% from the same period last year. Non-GAAP operating margin came in at 33%, down 2 points from Q1 levels and down 1 point from Q2 of last year.
Moving on to other income and expense items, interest income for the second quarter was roughly $2 million, consistent with Q1 levels. Non-cash interest expense related to our convertible debt was roughly $5 million. As a reminder, this non-cash expense is excluded from our non-GAAP results.
Moving on to earnings, GAAP net income for the second quarter was $73 million, or $0.40 of earnings per diluted share. Non-GAAP net income was $106 million for the quarter, or $0.58 of earnings per diluted share, about $0.01 higher than the high end of our guidance range, driven primarily by strong revenue achievement, the hiring shift I highlighted earlier, and a slightly favorable tax rate.
For the quarter, total taxes included in our GAAP earnings were $36 million, based on a tax rate of 33%. This rate is down 5 points year over year, primarily due to higher foreign earnings. Taxes included in our non-GAAP earnings were $52 million, based on a tax rate of 33% and coming in about 1 point lower than our guidance range, again due to higher foreign earnings.
Finally, our weighted average diluted share count for the second quarter was 181 million shares, down approximately 1 million shares from Q1 levels, primarily due to increased share buyback activity in the first half of the year.
Now I will review some balance-sheet items. Days sales outstanding for the second quarter was 60 days, up two days from last quarter and three days from Q2 of 2013. Capital expenditures in Q2, excluding equity compensation and capitalized interest expense, were $79 million, considerably below our expectations for the quarter due to the timing of planned network, IT, and facility buildouts that shifted from Q2 to Q3.
As a reminder, this CapEx number also includes capitalized software development activities.
Cash flow generation was strong in the second quarter, with free cash flow of $130 million, or 27% of revenue. During the quarter, we spent approximately $71 million on share repurchases, buying back about 1.3 million shares at an average price of just under $55. As of Q2 end, we had $[515] million remaining on our current share repurchase authorization.
Our balance sheet also remains very strong, with roughly $1.5 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities on hand at the end of the quarter. If you factor in our convertible debt, our net cash is approximately $800 million.
As we have discussed in the past, we believe our strong balance sheet and cash position are important competitive differentiators that provide us the financial flexibility to enable us to make the best investments at the most opportune times. As always, our overall aim is to deploy our capital to achieve favorable returns for our shareholders in a manner we believe is in the best long-term interests of the Company and our shareholders.
In summary, we are pleased with how the business performed in Q2 and the first half of the year. We continued to execute well, delivered strong revenue growth, managed network costs effectively, and made investments across the business that we believe will build a foundation for sustained long-term growth.
Looking ahead to Q3, we are expecting another strong quarter, with revenue in the range of $484 million to $496 million. This range represents 22% to 25% growth over a very strong third quarter last year.
At current spot rates, foreign exchange is expected to be neutral compared to Q2 and a favorable $3 million impact year over year. We expect gross margins to remain roughly flat to Q2 levels, with cash gross margins at 78% and GAAP gross margins at 68% to 69%.
On the operating expense side, we plan to continue to increase our investment levels in the business. We expect to grow non-GAAP cash operating expenses by $11 million to $15 million on a sequential basis, reflecting our plans to catch up on the hiring shifts from Q2, incremental Q3 hiring, and facilities and infrastructure spend to support headcount growth globally. Factoring in the above, we anticipate Q3 EBITDA margins of 41% to 42%, down 1 to 2 points from Q2 levels and consistent with prior messaging of operating the Company at a low 40 EBITDA range in the near term.
As I have shared in the past, we plan to make the needed investments in the business to drive both scale and growth, and whether we land at the high end or the low end of this EBITDA range will be heavily dependent on revenue performance.
As a reminder, the long-term EBITDA model for the Company remains at 40% to 45%.
Moving on to depreciation, we expect non-GAAP depreciation expense to be $50 million to $52 million, up slightly from Q2 levels. Factoring in this depreciation guidance, we expect non-GAAP operating margins of 31% to 32% for Q3.
And with the overall revenue and spend configuration I just outlined, we expect Q3 non-GAAP EPS in the range of $0.55 to $0.58. This EPS guidance assumes taxes of $51 million to $53 million, based on an estimated quarterly non-GAAP tax rate of 34%. This guidance also reflects a fully diluted share count of roughly 181 million shares.
On CapEx, we expect to spend approximately $86 million to $91 million in the second quarter -- in the third quarter, excluding equity compensation. These levels are slightly higher than what we have spent in recent quarters, primarily due to the expected shifted investments from Q2 to Q3 I mentioned earlier.
As I outlined in last quarter's call, we are investing in several large facility and IT projects to support the planned growth and scale in the business, and we are also investing to stay ahead of the traffic growth we expect to see on the network, including expanding the Prolexic network footprint.
Taking into account these important investment areas, we expect full-year 2014 CapEx as a percentage of revenue to be slightly above our long-term model, again consistent with what I have shared on prior calls.
In closing, we delivered a strong Q2 and first half of the year and we expect solid performance through the second half of the year as well. We see promising momentum across the business and we're making the investments that we believe will drive meaningful and sustained growth for Akamai in 2014 and beyond.
Now let me turn the call back over to Tom.
Tom Leighton - CEO
Thanks, Jim. It's great to see Akamai building on our strong start to the year. I believe that our excellent financial results are evidence of the sound fundamentals across our business and the pivotal role that we play in the growth of the Internet.
We are continuing to focus on solving four brand challenges for our customers -- delivering video over the Internet with unparalleled quality, scale, and affordability; providing near-instant performance for websites and apps on any device, anywhere; securing websites and data centers from attackers that seek to disrupt their operations, corrupt their content, or steal their information; and driving speed and affordability into branch office connectivity for major enterprises.
The complexity and challenges of delivering high-quality video over the Internet at scale are often underestimated. And the problem is getting even more complicated as online video consumption increases, further raising the technical and financial hurdles faced by both content owners and service providers. As a result, some experts have questioned whether the Internet will be able to scale to support the delivery of high-quality video to large audiences in the future.
One of Akamai's strategic goals is to enable the Internet to achieve such scale, and our recent success in streaming the 2014 World Cup to a global audience has proved once again that Akamai is capable of overcoming the bottlenecks inherent in the Internet so that millions of viewers can watch high-quality video events over IP.
Akamai achieved several milestones during the recent World Cup. We supported our largest audience ever for a single event, delivering nearly 7 terabits per second of traffic to over 5 million concurrent viewers of the semifinal match between Argentina and the Netherlands on July 9; we set a new total Akamai traffic record of 23 terabits per second during the Brazil-Germany game on July 8; and we delivered over 220 petabytes of World Cup traffic for 55 broadcasters in 80 countries, two and a half times the amount of traffic for the Sochi Olympics and 10 times the traffic for the 2010 World Cup.
More important than the scale of the event was the quality that we delivered. I was especially pleased to see one of our largest customers characterize Akamai's World Cup performance as nothing short of perfect.
And while the traffic numbers sound impressive, we believe that they are only the tip of the iceberg. We estimate that only a few percent of the total viewing audience for the World Cup was watching online at any given time. This means that there is a tremendous potential for future growth as more of viewers watch online and at higher bit rates.
Akamai's repeated success in streaming live global events, such as the World Cup and the Olympic Games, has proven that our unique approach of delivering content from thousands of locations close to end users affords significant advantages over our competitors when it comes to scaling and securing the Internet.
Even though we streamed a record amount of traffic in Q2, this was the first quarter where our performance and security revenue exceeded the revenue from our media business. The 30% year-over-year growth in our performance and security business was fueled in part by the Prolexic acquisition and the significant growth in our overall security portfolio.
In Q2, we continued to see substantial increases in both the scale and the sophistication of cyber attacks around the globe. Since the second quarter of 2013, the total number of DDoS attacks we have observed increased by 22%, infrastructure attacks grew by 46%, and the average attack bandwidth expanded by 72%. On a typical day, we are now seeing DDoS attacks in excess of 50 gigabits per second, and earlier this month, we successfully defended a DDoS attack in excess of 320 gigabits per second.
By leveraging our massively distributed platform as an outer layer of defense, we have been able to protect enterprises worldwide from such large-scale attacks, which can easily overwhelm traditional defenses.
Because of our unique capabilities to defend websites and applications, security has continued to be our fastest-growing product category. At the end of the second quarter, over 1,500 customers were using our security products and over 800 had purchased one or both of our flagship Kona Site Defender and Prolexic solutions.
Five months after the close, the Prolexic acquisition has continued to gain positive momentum. The initial integration phase involving people, finance, and sales processes has been completed. Customer and employee retention were key priorities for this acquisition, and I'm very pleased with our early success in these areas.
In the second half of 2014, we are focusing our efforts on technology integration, expansion of the Security Operations Center, and buildout of additional network capacity.
Overall, Prolexic and Akamai are now operating as one cohesive organization, focused on designing and delivering the industry's most comprehensive portfolio of security solutions.
In summary, we have had an excellent first half of the year. Our solid financial performance demonstrates the strength of our business strategy and we believe that our continued investments in product innovation, sales capacity, and platform capabilities are expanding the foundation for our future growth.
Thank you for your time today. Now Jim and I will take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Heather Bellini, Goldman Sachs.
Nicole Shevins - Analyst
This is Nicole in for Heather. I was wondering about the sales productivity in the quarter. I know there are more tenured reps -- tenureds now, especially in the performance and security business. Could you just give more color on that?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Yes, so we continue to ramp well with the sales hiring that we have done. We continue to do well on making the reps productive.
I think it's important to -- you commented on performance and security. The reps that we hire sell more than performance and security. They sell the entire portfolio. So we have reps that are also selling media solutions as well. So they are not just selling performance and security, but certainly, there is an emphasis on that part of the portfolio.
But I would say in general, we track the reps by tenure class and they're tracking to historical levels.
Nicole Shevins - Analyst
Great, thanks. And in the media business, did you see any changes in the competitive landscape there or any pricing pressure?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I would say that's pretty similar to how it's been for many years. As we have often talked about, there is a lot of competitors and the very biggest companies also do it themselves, or try to, in some cases, and I anticipate that continuing as we move forward.
Nicole Shevins - Analyst
Great, thanks.
Operator
Michael Turits, Raymond James.
James Wesman - Analyst
It is James Wesman sitting in for Michael. Jim, just to look at the 3Q revenue guidance for a second, I know you guys posted a fairly seasonal strong Q2. The 3Q guide I noticed was 1 point or 2 below what you guys usually do seasonally in the third quarter. Is that a result of the repricing from your largest customer? Or any color around there would be helpful.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I think it's important that actually it is in line with what we usually see seasonally Q2 to Q3, so it's not below that.
But to give you a little bit of color on the guidance range and all that, at the midpoint we are expecting another solid quarter. I think we have mentioned in the past, the summer months from a traffic perspective are lighter than other quarters of the year, so certainly we are expecting some of that.
There are a couple of large software releases that are planned towards the back half of the quarter, and effectively what we are guiding here is that at the midpoint of the range, the software release, they happen within the quarter and they are in line with the scale that we expect. On the lower end of the range, maybe some of those software releases push into Q4, but we're pretty confident with the range that we have outlined, so hopefully that gives you a little bit of perspective on the guide.
James Wesman - Analyst
Thanks, and then just a follow-up for Tom. Tom, just some insight into the security business. I know Verizon and EdgeCast had rolled out a web application firewall offering. Are you guys seeing that at all in your bakeoffs with customers?
Tom Leighton - CEO
Not really, no. We have seen the press there. Our relationship with Verizon continues as it has been, with Verizon Enterprise Services. And we don't see a lot of EdgeCast in the marketplace and certainly don't see them in the security area.
James Wesman - Analyst
Great. Thank you, guys.
Operator
Sterling Auty, JPMorgan.
Sterling Auty - Analyst
So, the investment that you're making in the second half, I want to make sure that I am clear. How much of the investment is really in the security and performance side versus some of the buildout to support media delivery? And traditionally, you guys have done a good job of building in anticipation of demand. What are the things that you are thinking about specifically that would fill up that capacity investment that you're making?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I think in general the investments that we are making are not just weighted to security. We have been making investments across the portfolio, across security, across our cloud networking products, across our web performance products and media. So, the investments have been pretty broad from an R&D perspective and also from a go-to-market perspective. So I just want to make sure that -- and those investments we are expecting to continue into the second half of the year.
I think to your point about security, we did comment on the last couple calls that we are building out more network expansion, in particular to support our Prolexic offerings, and we are expecting to do more of that in the second half of the year. And as we have said before, from a CapEx perspective on the network side, we continue to build out in support of what we believe is the demand that is there and we know that we can grow into it if traffic -- so effectively, the way to think about it is we build CapEx to support what is an aggressive traffic outlook, because we certainly don't want to be turning customers away. And if, in fact, that traffic is a little bit lighter than we expect in the quarter, you can always grow into it in the following quarter.
Sterling Auty - Analyst
Okay, and then if memory serves me right, in the first two quarters of the year, you had some kind of more one-offish items, I think like contracts for IP performance or some specific things that you were doing. Was there anything in that one-off nature that helped -- I'm sorry in the first quarter, I think it was, and maybe the fourth quarter, but was there anything here in the June quarter that fell into that kind of bucket?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Not really. We had very good and balanced performance across media and pretty much across all of our solution categories.
I think probably the one area that maybe tends to be a little bit more lumpy is our custom government projects, and we didn't have as many of them in Q2, but that's probably the only area, I think. Outside of that, we had very strong growth across the portfolio.
Sterling Auty - Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
Colby Synesael, Cowen.
Colby Synesael - Analyst
This, I think, is the second quarter where you have noted that you've pushed out hiring, and I am trying to get a sense what's behind that. Is it simply you are having a hard time finding these people? Or is there something else there?
And then when you think about the momentum you are seeing in the business and the guidance that you laid out for 3Q, is it favoring an acceleration in any particular business, whether it is -- if you just break out the way you look at your revenues, the media business versus performance and security? Just trying to get a sense of what that is going to look like between the two businesses. Thanks.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Sure. So on the hiring front, we set some pretty aggressive hiring expectations for ourselves for the year.
So it is certainly not a matter of having difficulty hiring people because Akamai is a very attractive company for people to come to. So we are not having an issue whatsoever with attracting talent. We just put together a very aggressive hiring plan, and sometimes hiring shifts from quarter to quarter.
We want to make sure, obviously, we are hiring the best people, and so I think that we are quite diligent to make sure that the caliber of people that we are bringing on board are the caliber that we want.
Relative to Q3, I am not going to guide by business unit. I can tell you that we expect strong growth again across the portfolio, so it isn't weighted to any one area. I would say you should expect that the growth will be pretty balanced across the portfolio again.
Colby Synesael - Analyst
Okay, great, thanks.
Operator
Mark Kelleher, D.A. Davidson.
Mark Kelleher - Analyst
Thanks for taking the questions. My first one is just a little bit of follow-up to that one. The buildouts shifted as well. Was that connected to the hiring?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
No, it's not really connected. Again, we end up -- you end up having to -- for many of these network deployments, they take three to six months as far as planning, and sometimes you have vendors and sometimes the vendors, they may be supposed to ship you goods at the end of a quarter and they slip by maybe a week or two. So, it is really only notable things like that.
And then, some of the facility expansion that I mentioned, sometimes in certain states and in certain countries, the buildouts take longer based on just challenges with getting permits and things of that nature. There is nothing noteworthy, other than just things that are normal that tend to move from quarter to quarter and month to month.
Mark Kelleher - Analyst
Okay, and on the security side, you mentioned Verizon. You are not seeing them there as a competitor. What do you think the growth rate there is in the DDoS security market? Are you maintaining share? Are you taking share? And what is the competitive environment right there?
Tom Leighton - CEO
I would say our solution, now that we are combined with Prolexic, is very compelling. And we are seeing high growth rates and a lot of traction there.
There are a lot of competitors. Our approach is different. It is a new way of doing things in the cloud, and that is very compelling when you have these large attacks where you really can't defend yourself by buying a box and sticking it in your data center, and even your carrier really can't effectively defend you against these very large attacks.
So we are seeing excellent traction, and over time, I think you are seeing us take share from the traditional way of doing things and add to the overall growth of the market with a new way of doing things. So the business is growing very rapidly.
Mark Kelleher - Analyst
Okay, great, thanks.
Operator
Jennifer Lowe, Morgan Stanley.
Jennifer Lowe - Analyst
Maybe even following up a little bit on the last set of questions, but I think yesterday there was an announcement out in terms of a partnership you all had entered into with Microsoft around investing in security businesses in Israel. And first time I think I have seen you all working with Microsoft, so it was sort of interesting in that regard, and then, obviously, security is a big focus area as well. Can you talk a little bit about that project specifically, what the opportunities you see there are, and how that came about in concert with Microsoft?
Tom Leighton - CEO
Sure. That is an investment in very early-stage startups. Of course, Akamai has its roots in the 50 K competition at MIT, and Israel is a great place for hiring security talent. It is a great place for startups and security startups, and so that's a really good place for us to partner with Microsoft in investing and supporting early-stage security companies.
You hope for a long-term payoff there. We have a large and growing presence in Israel where we base a lot of our security development, so it's a perfect location for us. We have a great partnership with Microsoft and it just makes a lot of sense all the way around.
Jennifer Lowe - Analyst
Great. And then, just shifting gears quickly, one last one from me, as you -- I think in the past you have talked about the potential for acceleration throughout this year as all of the hiring from last year starts to reach productivity and there is a lag factor there, but this seems like this might be the point where we start to see that take hold a little bit.
Is that still the expectation as you think about -- and I know the first question got into this a little bit, but as you see those sales people start to hit the road and start to bring in business, has that trended in line with maybe where you thought that would be six months ago? Better, worse? What is the color on that?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I think in general -- there is a lot of things that obviously affect revenue growth, right? The sales productivity is but one aspect. Obviously, traffic volumes, pricing volumes -- or pricing impacts, there's a lot of things that affect growth.
But we are very pleased with the hiring that we made in sales. We are very pleased with the overall productivity that we are seeing across the business. I'm not going to guide beyond the current quarter. You can obviously see from the Q3 guide that we are guiding to a pretty strong guide again, a continuation of what was strong growth in Q1, strong growth in Q2, expected strong growth in Q3.
And certainly, the sales reps that we are hiring are selling into the installed base more of our solutions, as well as selling off the installed base. So in general, I think -- we track it by cohort class. I can't tell you that every single rep is tracking to our expectations, because that's not true, but you wouldn't have expected that anyway.
I think in general the reps by cohort class are tracking pretty well and I think the expectations that we said earlier, we are still comfortable with that and the investments that we are making and the return that we're going to get.
Jennifer Lowe - Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
Sameet Sinha, B. Riley.
Sameet Sinha - Analyst
A couple of questions. Can you tell us what the contribution was from Prolexic during the quarter?
And secondly, you mentioned number of security customers at 1,500. This is up from about 1,250 that you had at the end of Q1. Do you think that is the kind of pace that we should be expecting throughout the year or is anything specific that helped you increase the number of customers by that much this quarter? Thank you.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Sure, I think we told you in the -- after last quarter's earnings, we are not going to break Prolexic out separately, but what I can tell you is what I shared last time is Prolexic's run rate was about $5 million a month, so call it $15 million a quarter so you have a frame of reference of roughly the size of Prolexic.
And relative to the customer adds on the security front, you are right. We were very pleased. This is the first full quarter of having Prolexic and our water security portfolio. We have not added that many of net new customers in the security portfolio really in I don't think ever, so we are quite pleased with that traction and we expect that the demand for our security portfolio is very strong.
Sameet Sinha - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
[Richard Federico], ABR Investment Strategy.
Richard Federico - Analyst
Thanks for taking my question. Just backing into the organic growth rate in the performance and security solution segment, excluding Prolexic in the first quarter and the second quarter, so estimate. It looks like the organic PSS growth slightly decelerated from perhaps 23% in the first or 20% year over year in the third. Just curious if we should see any acceleration in the organic business or if there were any specific reasons why that deceleration happened.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
We had an extraordinarily strong performance in security growth rate in Q1. If you take the 30% growth rate, even if you do the math that you just suggested, you are talking about a 20% rough growth rate for Q2.
I mentioned that the custom government business was lighter, so projects in Q2 were lighter. That is the performance and security portfolio. That is one element of the portfolio that tends to be a little bit lumpier based on projects that you have with the federal government, but we were quite pleased with the growth rates that we saw in performance and security, and there're going to be things quarter to quarter, like custom projects.
I recall last Q2, we had a very strong quarter last Q2. We talked about we had a very strong custom government quarter last Q2 and we also talked about the fact that we had a very, very large upgrade of our IP Accelerator solution with one particularly large customer, so we are having the wraparound effect of that. But organically across the performance and security portfolio, we are quite pleased with the growth rates.
Richard Federico - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Ed Maguire, CLSA.
Ed Maguire - Analyst
I was wondering if you could comment on the cross-selling success so far with performance and security and the media business. I know you mentioned the number of common customers between Prolexic and the Kona security, but was curious as to how the focus on security is progressing more broadly across the customer base?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I would say one proof point is the question that was asked earlier, call it the net security customer add of over 250 I think tells you that those were sold to the existing installed base. Those were not off the -- most of those were not off the installed base. Most of those were embedded in the installed base.
So I think we are doing -- early signs of traction with Prolexic, we are getting good penetration. And I think we are getting decent penetration across the board.
I can tell you there's a lot of room for growth beyond that, that we still have very low penetration rates of security with our broader customer base, so maybe it was a huge opportunity to sell more security and sell more of our broader offerings to our customers, as well as off the installed base. So, I think there's a lot of opportunity for incremental growth.
Ed Maguire - Analyst
Great, and just a pulse check on the wireless, the Aqua Ion. How is the penetration proceeding among your existing customers?
Tom Leighton - CEO
I would say the penetration is small and growing. We see significant uplift in pricing and there is significant interest, of course, in the product with a situational awareness, the optimization for cellular communication, and making the website be really fast for a variety of situations with the end user, a variety of devices, and a variety of locations.
So Ion is a strong product financially with plenty of room for growth. So the overall penetration is still low, as with security, but achieving good success in terms of the upsell and, of course, in terms of the performance capabilities.
Ed Maguire - Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
James Breen, William Blair.
James Breen - Analyst
Thanks for taking the question. Just one more question on the hiring and then one on the technology side. On the hiring side, you hired, I think, about 100 sales people last year and you had hinted that you would hire somewhere around that number this year. Is that part of what you are pushing out or has that been pretty consistent throughout the year?
And then, secondly, just on the technology side, as you look at the traffic from the World Cup relative to maybe the Sochi Olympics and the London Olympics, are you seeing any trends there in terms of moving more toward the wireless side, relative to wireline, and regionally? Thanks.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
So I will take the hiring kind of question. So, I would say again, we are not going to provide guidance of how many sales hires. We did that last year, I think, because we were trying to make a point that the Company was hiring more sales reps last year, I think, than we had in the last five years combined.
We're going to hire a similar -- roughly similar amount this year. Whether it's 100, whether it's 80 remains to be seen.
And it's not so much pushing out hiring. I just want to make sure that I'm clear. We are not pushing out hiring from Q2 to Q3. This was hiring that we had -- we had aggressive hiring plans for the first half of the year. Some of that hiring has moved into Q3, but it's not like this conscious push to Q3, and from a sales perspective, I would say our sales hiring is tracking pretty well.
Tom Leighton - CEO
To the second question, we are seeing across the board a very rapid growth in the penetration of mobile devices. On aggregate, you could think of roughly half of transactions being done with a mobile device now. Now traffic measured by bits is lower, a lower percentage, because when you are doing video and so forth, you will tend to get lower bit rates to those devices.
And most of the wireless device traffic and transactions are on Wi-Fi, so it's not cellular coming out of the tower. Cellular is still a relatively small percentage overall, but also growing.
James Breen - Analyst
Great, those were both very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Gray Powell, Wells Fargo Securities.
Gray Powell - Analyst
Thanks for taking the questions. I just had a couple, if I may. So first, I just want to make sure that I am thinking of Q3 guidance correctly, and specifically the mid-point of guidance implies $13 million of revenue in Q3, whereas the past two years, the guide has been more like $6 million or $8 million in sequential revenue growth. So I guess my question is, where is the strength coming from? Is it more the CDN side or performance and security side?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Again, I am not going to provide guidance by business, but I can tell you that our expectation is you're going to see strong growth across the entire portfolio, and I think you correctly outlined it that we're pretty bullish. That's why the guidance is pretty strong here at the mid-point. We're expecting a continuation of strong performance in media, strong performance in performance and security, and strong performance in service and support.
Gray Powell - Analyst
Got it, okay. And then just one more, if I may. Can you talk about your partnership with OpenDNS on the security side? And how do you feel about the security portfolio today? Do you see an opportunity to add new technologies beyond DDoS and web application firewall? Specifically, could we see Akamai doing something more like cloud-based URL filtering or email security or maybe something else down the road?
Tom Leighton - CEO
Yes, we have a rich roadmap ahead in security. The next area for us that you'll start to see products is on client reputation database, where we are looking at a particular client and trying to decide are they a legitimate user or is it an attacker of some kind or some kind of a bot, which might be a friendly bot or an unfriendly bot, and providing that information to our customers as the request comes in, so that they can decide do they want to accept the request, alert the request, or block the request.
Even if the request itself doesn't look malicious, maybe that's because it is a new form of attack that hasn't been seen before or maybe it's some kind of a bot that they decide that they don't want to admit to the site. So that's the next product that we are working on and that we hope to have a beta version available later this year.
And there is a rich roadmap from there that, yes, we might well be doing things on URL filtering and preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. I don't know about email filtering; that's not coming up anytime soon that we get into the email business, per se, but I think there will be a very rich roadmap for security, especially as we do more and more with enterprises and their traffic.
Gray Powell - Analyst
Got it, okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Jeff Van Rhee, Craig-Hallum.
Jeff Van Rhee - Analyst
Several quick ones for you. First, just in terms of renewals, while you have big renewals in any given quarter, any notable renewal patterns we should be thinking about the next few quarters?
And then, second question, as it relates to the landscape around security, could you just touch on the competitive landscape, when you are competing. Just clarify for us who is the toe to toe typical if you are in there competing against somebody.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
So on the renewal front, I'll take that. I'll let Tom comment on the security landscape. I think you answered the question yourself, which is we have large customers that renew every quarter and we're going to continue to see large customers renew every quarter. There is nothing more notable than that.
Obviously, I shared a few quarters ago one specific customer because they were our largest customer and they were a customer that was pretty darn close to a 10% revenue customer. But I think outside of that customer, it's just standard renewals that happen every quarter and a handful of large customers.
Tom Leighton - CEO
In terms of the competitive landscape for the security products, I would say the dominant players out there today, where most of the revenue goes, are the folks that build devices that you would deploy in your data center.
Now, the big problem with that as we move forward is that the attacks are so large, in many cases, that the connectivity to the data center becomes overwhelmed, so even if the device is doing a good job, it never gets a chance, really, and the site is DoSed or brought down.
Carriers, many of them provide security solutions. Many of them also resell Akamai. The carriers will try to provide some kind of a clean pipe, and again, you have the capacity challenges. The carrier solutions often are not able to inspect the packets, so that really limits what they can do. They take a while to be turned on, which can be a problem. They are reactive and slow to react, and they can hurt the performance of a site.
So even when they can defend a site, the site is compromised in terms of its ability to do its job, performance wise.
I think you are starting to see -- there is a lot of startups out there claiming to have various kind of security products. You see the CDNs, some of them trying to have a security offering. I think for the state-of-the-art attacks out there, really our solution, combined now with Prolexic, provides really something that is special and that you just can't get other places, that really works.
And Akamai is a performance company, and so we have made sure that when we are defending the site and filtering the traffic, there is not a big performance degradation. The site still is going to work really fast and it could be on in a proactive manner. We have enormous scale compared to any of the competitors because our servers are inside over 1,200 networks.
As we talked about earlier, we will deliver a World Cup game at seven terabits a second, and the big attacks out there that overwhelm a lot of the competing services are a tiny fraction of that. So we have tremendous scale to bring to bear to defend websites, and I think that's why you see the business growing so fast, with a lot of the marquee brands now turning to Akamai for the next generation of security defenses.
Jeff Van Rhee - Analyst
Okay, got it, thank you.
Operator
Ben Rose, Battle Road.
Ben Rose - Analyst
A question for Tom, looking out beyond the third quarter. Can you provide an update on your ongoing R&D relationship with Cisco and your expectation for the hybrid cloud optimization market?
Tom Leighton - CEO
Yes, sure. Now tomorrow, Cisco is making their new router that has what's called Akamai Connect, or Akamai software, on board generally available. So that hits the marketplace tomorrow.
Obviously, we are very interested to see that product become successful in the market. The beta test results are excellent. The product provides significant offload for the brand and the branch office connectivity, so it allows that infrastructure to do a lot more, and it provides significant speedups for branch office applications, Internet access, the basic kinds of things you want to be doing in the branch office.
And so, we are very optimistic. That is a product that will be sold by Cisco in the Cisco channel. We are obviously supporting that as best we can, but that's a Cisco-led effort with Akamai software on board. There is a rich roadmap beyond that first product to do more, and so -- and we have a very good relationship with Cisco in R&D and we're looking forward to the release tomorrow.
Ben Rose - Analyst
Okay, great, and then a question for Jim. The Company has obviously done a really outstanding job over the last several quarters of wringing out some of the inefficiencies in the network and improving gross margins. Do you think that there is further room going forward to achieve the kinds of efficiencies that you have achieved in the last year?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
I think we do it every quarter. We do it every year. You are right. Notably over the last three years, it has been a pretty impressive improvement in gross margins for the Company, and I have to really give the credit to our network and media team. They have just done a fantastic job. And you can expect that we're going to continue to have ongoing platform efficiency initiatives that can maintain the level of gross margins that we have.
I'm not calling, obviously, in the guidance that it is going to improve, but I think we can maintain the margins at the levels that we are currently at.
Ben Rose - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Phillip Winslow, Credit Suisse.
CT Bonegrade - Analyst
This is [CT Bonegrade] for Phil Winslow. So one more question on the gross margin side. Could you give us some color on what you are seeing in terms of co-location and bandwidth cost, and maybe what you have seen through first half and what do you expect in the second half?
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
Again, we continue to make progress on driving the bandwidth per megabit per second down, so our bandwidth costs continue to trend down nicely, not on an actual dollar basis, but on a per bit basis. And the same is true for co-location costs.
So, we have a whole playbook that is focused on areas that are going to be able to reduce bandwidth costs, areas that can help us reduce co-location costs, areas that can help us build -- reduce costs and optimize costs associated with network router buildout. So, you can expect that we are going to continue to initiate all those initiatives, not just this quarter, but the second half of the year and beyond.
CT Bonegrade - Analyst
Got it, thank you.
Operator
Kevin Smithen, Macquarie.
Kevin Smithen - Analyst
First of all, nice job with the guidance, especially with the customary pricing and all the investments.
I wanted to ask you as we see more high-def and 4K sporting events and online gaming more pervasive, on content more pervasive, do you think that we are going to see a new normal in terms of growth rates for the media business over the next couple years? And how do you think about the trade-off with some of the large media customers between this extra traffic and margins? And do you continue to expect to give volume discounts to those big customers or will you try and diversify the customer base more than, say, two to three years ago?
Tom Leighton - CEO
Obviously, if and when 4K becomes more widespread, that provides a dramatic increase in traffic for every hour of video that is watched online, 4K has obviously not penetrated the market yet. We do support it on our platform, but it's not widely adopted.
Traffic is growing at a rapid rate. There is the potential over a period of several to many years for several orders of magnitude of growth in the online traffic. Of course, pricing is going to need to come down, and we have talked in the past about the many things we are doing to make video be more affordable online. But on balance, when you multiply the traffic, growth rates, with the price reductions, we believe that revenues have a lot of room for growth going forward and we are very bullish about our media business, as I have talked about before.
Of course, as customers get larger and push more traffic, they do get traffic discounts, but that's already factored in into our estimates as we look forward.
Kevin Smithen - Analyst
Thanks a lot.
Operator
David Dixon, FBR Capital Markets.
David Dixon - Analyst
I wondered if, first of all, you could just give us a general sense of the momentum that you are seeing -- part of the [existing] momentum in the mobile space, which is a clear area of growth for you.
And then, secondly, as you were talking about your advantages in the marketplace and you centered in on the scalability of the platform, one of the other things that I think seems to be an advantage is the customer responsiveness relative to the telcos and talking to some of the major enterprises that we speak to which [checks] they don't really care if it's in the cloud or in their own enterprise, as long as that stack can be evaluated for attacks and analysis.
So I wanted to actually ask a question around the network compute capability, and whether you see the need to overhaul or significantly augment that compute capability as you see Google stepping forth and investing very aggressively, very heavily in perhaps hundreds of data centers here with that compute capability. Thank you.
Tom Leighton - CEO
Sure. First on the mobile question, as I mentioned before, we are seeing a rapid, a penetration of mobile devices that if you measure in terms of applications that we would transact, roughly half being on a mobile device.
Now the large majority of that is on Wi-Fi, so ultimately it is going across a landline connection. It is still -- a small fraction of mobile is over cellular, and also if you measure not by transactions, but by gigabytes delivered, mobile would have a lower penetration because you don't tend to get the really high-def video that takes a lot of traffic going to a mobile device. Usually, you're going to send that to a much larger screen that's a fixed device.
Yes, we do have tremendous advantages in scalability, but also in sophistication and capability of our defenses.
Now in terms of the question on network compute, we do offer compute kinds of capabilities in the specific use case of your website and something that needs to be done for the website. So for example, say you are an automotive site and you want to do a car configurator so that the user can design their car online. Well, that kind of thing can be supported by Akamai's platform.
I don't think you're going to see us go into direct competition with EC2 or with Google in terms of building out gigantic data centers just for compute capabilities for generic compute capability. We are focused around making a website and web app be fast, reliable, and secure, and so we will offer capabilities that support that in terms of storage or compute and delivery, not generic compute for the sake of compute.
David Dixon - Analyst
We are not seeing any competition from Google or signs of competition in the area that you are focused at this stage.
Tom Leighton - CEO
No, I wouldn't say that we see competition from Google. Google does a lot of delivering of content, of course, and they do a lot of that themselves. But that's not really directly competitive to Akamai.
We worry about all the large guys out there in terms of what their capabilities are, but we don't really see them in the marketplace competing for our business.
David Dixon - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Chad Bartley, Pacific Crest.
Chad Bartley - Analyst
I wanted to go back to the competition topic. As you look out medium to longer term, how much of a threat are networks either launching competitive CDN services or maybe large media companies connecting directly to them?
And then, in terms of the outlook based on your previous second-half EBITDA margin guidance and your updated Q3 outlook, should we be thinking about Q4 EBITDA margin also in the 41% to 42% range? Thanks.
Tom Leighton - CEO
Let me take the first question on competition. And again, the competition really depends on the product area. It is different for video delivery or media delivery than it is from making a web application be superfast for mobile, and that's different than the competition for security.
Now in terms of your specific questions about networks as competitors, I would say there has been a lot of improvement there over the last few years. For example, AT&T used to be a large competitor for Akamai and now they are one of our largest partners. Orange in France, Telefonica in Spain, KT in Korea, Swisscom, Turk Telekom, a lot of the world's leading carriers have switched from a model of competing with us, either by buying CDN capabilities from a vendor or developing it themselves, to using Akamai's technology. So they are part of the Akamai family and they integrate very well with us and we sell our products.
So I would say that, yes, there is some carriers out there that compete with us, for sure, but that I would say the trend is more that they are moving to work cooperatively with Akamai, and that's because I think we offer the most compelling solutions when it comes to making a website or an app be fast, reliable, and secure. And we can do that at a better cost and a better performance than they have been able to do on their own.
It is certainly true that any large media company, to your other point, will be looking at do it yourself. I think we have said probably for 15 years now that do it yourself is our largest competitor, and you can certainly find examples of that. With that said, a lot of the folks that do that still use us for a lot of their business and they do that, again, because we do really a very good job of accelerating their content and defending their website at a very good price point.
And there is some pretty high profile examples of major media companies that did try to build it themselves, spent years doing it, and ultimately gave up and returned to Akamai. So I think do it yourself is always going to be a factor in the marketplace for us with the very largest media companies.
I don't think direct peering makes sense or you will actually see that for any but a very small number, maybe a handful of the big media guys. The complexity of trying to manage direct peering with dozens or hundreds or thousands of the ISPs out there is really complicated. And the expense in doing that is quite significant. And so, it just doesn't make sense to even be tried for any but a handful of the big media guys. So that really doesn't worry me very much.
Jim Benson - EVP, CFO
And on the EBITDA question, I'm not going to provide guidance, obviously, beyond Q3, but I think I said in my opening comments that we expect to operate in the near term in the low 40s in EBITDA, so I think you have what we are expecting to do in Q3 and I think you can expect we're going to continue to operate in that range in the near term.
Chad Bartley - Analyst
Great. Thank you both.
Operator
At this time, there are no further questions in queue. I would like to turn the call back over to Mr. Tom Barth for any closing remarks.
Tom Barth - IR
Okay, we would just like to thank you again for joining us today on the earnings call. We look forward to speaking you in further about our performance in our future opportunities. So please feel free to call us and have a wonderful summer. Thank you.
Tom Leighton - CEO
Thank you.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's conference. We thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Have a great day.