Visa Inc (V) 2019 Q3 法說會逐字稿

Welcome to Visa's Fiscal Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call.

(Operator Instructions) Today's conference is being recorded.

(Operator Instructions) I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Mr. Mike Milotich, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations.

Mr. Milotich, you may now begin.

Thank you, Jordan.

Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Visa's Fiscal Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Call.

Joining us today are Al Kelly, Visa's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Vasant Prabhu, Visa's Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer.

This call is being webcast on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.investor.visa.com.

A replay will be archived on our site for 30 days.

A slide deck containing financial and statistical highlights have been posted on our IR website.

Let me also remind you that this presentation includes forward-looking statements.

These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results could differ materially as a result of many factors.

Additional information concerning those factors is available in our most recent reports on forms 10-K and 10-Q, which you can find on the SEC's website and the Investor Relations section of our website.

For historical non-GAAP financial information disclosed on this call, the related GAAP measures and the reconciliation are available in today's earnings release.

Now let me turn the call over to Al.

Mike, thank you, and good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us.

It is clear from our strong results today that the business continues to perform well as we simultaneously invest to deliver growth in the medium to long term.

Given that it was a busy quarter, I'm going to streamline my comments on the business performance and only offer a few headlines.

Then I'll discuss how we are enhancing our capabilities through our recent acquisitions and investments.

And finally, I'll review our progress in building partnerships around the globe with fintechs as well as our traditional clients.

So let's start with our third quarter results.

Revenue growth was better than expected at 11% or 13% on a constant dollar basis.

Payments volume growth was 9% on a constant dollar basis or almost 10% excluding China, which continued to be impacted by some runoff of our dual-branded cards that capture domestic volumes and have limited impact on our revenue.

Cross-border growth rebounded up 3 points from last quarter and client incentives were lower than anticipated.

Processed transaction growth accelerated to 12%.

Adjusted expense growth was 10%, reflecting marketing investments, the impact of the new revenue accounting standard and a number of nonrecurring items.

And adjusted EPS growth was 14%, lapping a low adjusted tax rate of 18% last year.

Vasant will share more details in his remarks.

As we look ahead to the future, we're pursuing our strategy by, a, investing in growing and enhancing our network, including capturing new payment flows, building out our acceptance footprint and expanding our base of clients.

We're building our arsenal of value-added capabilities that could be components on our network or on other networks, what we call network agnostic, and see what fortify key bedrock pillars of the business, talent, technology, security and the brand.

Against this backdrop, this quarter, we announced several strategic acquisitions and investments that will accelerate our progress in capturing new payment flows and extend the boundaries of our capabilities and our network.

First, we assumed control of Earthport in early May and are pleased to say that as of July 4, we've obtained full legal ownership.

Earthport provides cross-border payment services via a network that connects with local ACH systems with direct connections in 88 countries.

Before Earthport, through our Visa Direct capabilities, our debit credentials and ATM network, Visa can reach about half of the bank accounts.

With Earthport, we become a network of networks and have extended our reach to over 99% of bank accounts in the 88 countries, including the top 50 markets.

Our integration efforts are well underway, and we're actively working to launch our first fully integrated experience prior to the calendar year-end, which will provide a single connection for clients to push funds to cards via VisaNet and bank accounts via Earthport.

Also in the quarter, we announced the acquisitions of Verifi and the tokenization business from Rambus, which will help us in our development of network-agnostic services and will be integrated with our existing suite of tokenization, fraud management and risk solutions.

This tokenization acquisition will enable Visa to extend the security and convenience of tokenization to all types of transactions, including the ability to support domestic card networks, account-based and real-time payment systems.

Before this acquisition, Visa could turn a 16-digit Visa credential into a token, but now we can tokenize a bank account, a domestic card network, credential or a ticket.

Verifi's best-in-class dispute resolution tools enable issuers to connect with merchant's data immediately when a consumer calls to dispute a transaction so that the issue is settled within one phone call.

Verifi is the industry leader with 25,000 merchant connections helping to decrease the time spent on resolutions while at the same time decreasing the percentage of chargebacks.

Verifi adds to existing Visa tools, which are aimed at reducing customer friction across the entire payment experience.

Last week, we announced the acquisition of Payworks, a point-of-sale software solution, which enables acquirers to support the merchant terminal payments via the cloud.

This enables merchants to seamlessly and quickly implement new functionality such as adding new payment types, thereby creating better customer experiences and lower merchant operating costs.

Payworks will add in-store payment processing to CyberSource's income -- e-commerce payment platform to create a fully integrated omnichannel payment acceptance solution.

As part of CyberSource's solution to acquirers, these capabilities will be white labeled to drive more innovation in the payments ecosystem.

Across Southeast Asia, we have partnered with and invested in Gojek, a ride-hailing service that has become a mobile super app featuring over 18 different verticals spanning payments, delivery, laundry, cleaning, tickets and more.

To give you a sense of the magnitude of Gojek, they have 108 million app downloads and half have been used in the payment service, GoPay.

We're working together to make digital payments easier for both GoPay and Visa users while expanding to new use cases.

In the B2B space, we recently announced an investment in PayMate, a leading B2B payment fintech in India, who we have been partnering with in India in our CEMEA region since last year.

PayMate operates a portal connecting 35,000 buyers and suppliers to provide buyers with a consolidated view of their accounts payable across all payment types.

Through the use of Visa credentials, buyers and suppliers have access to better reconciliation data.

Our partnership and investments seek to drive incremental volume to our network by helping big and small businesses bring more efficiencies to their payment processes as well as transition from cash and checks to digital payments via a Visa credential.

Visa Direct continues to deliver transaction growth of over 100% and opens up opportunity for additional payment flows.

In the U.S. alone, over the last 12 months, more than 60 million Visa credentials have sent or received funds via Visa Direct, 75% of which have completed more than 1 transaction using Visa credentials.

About 70% of these users have received funds, which can drive additional spend in our C2B business.

In cross-border remittance, we've announced the new strategic relationships with Western Union.

Western Union adds to our growing list of partners in this area, including MoneyGram, Remitly and EMQ, allowing their customers to make cost-effective cross-border payments to a Visa credential with speed, convenience and transparency.

In addition to cross-border remittance, Visa Direct has also grown in the insurance disbursement space.

Today, 5 of the top 10 insurance companies in the United States either are using or in the process of enabling Visa Direct to facilitate quick and secure claims payouts to their customers.

In Europe, we recently added our first insurance use case with insurance-as-a-service provider, Citco, in partnership with SafeCharge, a global payments service provider.

Another disbursement use case that is gaining traction is small business merchant settlement, which allows acquirers to transfer funds in real time at the request of the merchant, helping with cash flow needs of small businesses.

Visa Direct is enabling the recent launch of Instant Transfer by PayPal in Canada, in addition to the United States, for same-day settlements for small businesses and individual consumers.

As we continue to drive new and existing payment flows, we remain focused on providing exemplary user experiences to ensure that Visa remains the preferred way to pay.

Tap to pay significantly improves the point-of-sale experience, and consumers are adopting it quickly.

This quarter, outside the United States, tap to pay surpassed 50% of face-to-face transactions that run over our network, up from less than 30% just 2 years ago.

There are now almost 50 countries where contactless is at least 1/3 of all face-to-face transactions, up from 35 countries at the end of last fiscal year in September.

We know that when contactless is introduced to a market, it increases the number of transactions.

For instance, this past quarter, while U.K. payments volume grew in the low to mid-single digits, processed transactions grew much faster in the double digits.

Transaction growth was 2.5x the rate of payments volume growth as consumers made more small dollar tap to pay transactions with their Visa card instead of cash.

Canada has also seen a similar dynamic.

In the United States, we are well underway to reaching 100 million tap to pay Visa cards in force by the end of 2019 and early adoption is similar to what we've seen in other successful tap to pay markets.

We expect to surpass 3 million Visa cards by the end of 2020.

As we discussed previously, transit continues to be one of the best ways to habituate the use of tap to pay.

The New York MTA launched an open loop payments on -- a pilot on May 31 in a limited number of stations as part of its 18-month rollout, and the results to date have been very encouraging.

Other areas where we're making progress to improve the user experience include tokenization, Secure Remote Commerce and the installation payment solution we are piloting.

All of these enhancements reflect a fundamental truth.

That is simple, consistent, secure and frictionless user experience leads to incremental volume and transactions.

We know that it takes strong partnerships across the ecosystem to deliver these great user experiences, therefore, we are actively listening to clients and customers' needs and working to support their success.

Partnerships are not simply additive to our business model.

They are fundamental to our business model, whether it be our traditional financial institutions or fintechs.

And on fintechs, they continue to be key enablers around the world in helping to expand access to electronic payments and opening up new acceptance.

And Visa is a natural partner because we bring global scale, a recognizable brand, security, reliability and sophisticated capabilities.

This quarter was no exception in our ability to develop partnerships with fintechs, so I'd like to highlight a few.

In India, we launched the co-brand credit card with the largest cab app aggregator, Ola Cab and SBI Card, the second largest credit card issuer in the country.

With a simplified application process and a seamless card management through their app, this product will offer a rich rewards proposition across Ola's 150 million users.

Across Asia Pacific, we've partnered with Razer, a global lifestyle brand for gamers with 60 million users, to offer a prepaid credential in the Razer Pay e-wallet.

In Latin America, Rappi, a leading on-demand delivery platform, is now using Visa debit cards as the preferred way for its customers to pay in Colombia, Mexico and soon also in Brazil.

They've also implemented our CyberSource solutions across their 7 operating markets to drive more secure and seamless transactions.

Rappi currently has more than 20 million registered users and 90,000 delivery drivers who fulfill close to 5 million orders a month.

In Turkey, we've partnered with 1 of the largest fintechs, ininal, in an effort to reach the 40% of the Turkish population that is unbanked with the launch of a nationwide program for general-purpose reloadable Visa prepaid card.

We're also excited about the opportunities these new partnerships can bring for sure, but we also continue to build and deepen relationships with our more traditional merchants and issuers, and I'll call out 4 this quarter.

In Europe, we renewed the credit and commercial portfolios with Bank Leumi, the largest bank in Israel and Crédit Mutuel, one of the largest issuers in France.

Across Europe, our deal volume and win rate is significantly higher on a year-to-year basis.

In Brazil, we teamed up with Itaú and MercadoLibre to launch a contactless co-branded card targeting MercadoLibre consumers with installment capability and a unique app for managing loyalty points.

MercadoLibre has 38 million buyers in Latin America and Brazil, representing 60% of their marketplaces volume.

In the United States, we're pleased to announce that we have extended our long-standing partnership with JPMorgan Chase through the end of 2029.

This long-term extension will enable us to work together to accelerate the growth of electronic payments, deliver enhanced payment experiences such as our recent collaborations to enable tap to pay in the New York City subway system.

Additionally, we work together to support and innovate our world-class co-brand partners and to further expand into the commercial space with B2B solutions.

Our pipeline of partnerships is robust, and we expect to sign several other significant renewals and new deals in the remainder of this fiscal year.

So in summary, it was an exciting quarter for Visa with strong results, strategic acquisitions and growth in partnerships.

As we look ahead, our focus continues to be expanding our network with a wide variety of new payment flows and acceptance options; growing our value-added services portfolio to enhance all networks, not just Visa's; investing in foundational elements that make Visa a world-class partner, superior talent, innovative and reliable technology, unmatched security and a powerful brand.

We remain open minded, innovative and flexible to meet the needs of the growing ecosystem and a rapidly evolving payments landscape as we're committed to our goal to be the best way to pay and be paid to everyone everywhere.

Now let me turn it over to Vasant.

Thank you, Al.

Despite strong currency headwinds, our business trends accelerated in the third quarter and net revenue and EPS growth were both higher than expected.

Net revenue grew over 11% on a nominal dollar basis and over 13% in constant dollars, while adjusted EPS grew 14% in nominal dollars and approximately 18% on a constant dollar basis.

Through 3 quarters of fiscal 2019, net revenue was up 11% and adjusted EPS up 17% in nominal dollars and over 12% and 19%, respectively, in constant dollars.

A few highlights.

Growth across all key business drivers, payments volume, process transactions and cross-border volume accelerated from last quarter.

Payments volume growth in constant dollars improved to 9%.

Global constant dollar growth, excluding China and the U.K., was over 10%.

Chinese domestic volumes are impacted by dual-branded cards, which have minimal revenue impact.

The U.K. economy remains weak due to Brexit uncertainty.

Ex U.K., global payments volume trends remained robust.

Process transaction growth accelerated to 12% primarily due to faster U.S. growth and a full quarter of processing gains in Argentina.

Adjusting for cross-border volumes within Europe, constant dollar cross-border growth was 9%, up almost 4 points from last quarter, exceeding our expectations.

As a reminder, cross-border volume within Europe has revenue yield similar to Europe domestic volumes and continues to be impacted by e-commerce platform reorienting within the EU.

Growth was consistently strong each month after factoring Easter timing in April, and the improvements from last quarter was broad-based.

Every region's outbound growth improved by at least 1 point, mostly benefiting Europe and U.S. inbound volume.

Net revenue growth was 11.4% despite 2 points of exchange rate drag and the lowest currency volatility we've seen in 5 years.

Growth was helped by stronger cross-border momentum and low client incentives than expected.

The impact of pricing was higher than last quarter.

Client incentives were better than expected due to lower incentives for some deals and programs than we had estimated, lower volumes in some markets and some deal delays.

At this point, we have a very robust pipeline of significant renewals and new deals that we expect to get done by the end of our fiscal year.

We have closed on Earthport and Payworks as well as signed definitive agreements to acquire 2 other companies.

These acquisitions significantly enhance our capabilities, extending our reach to over 99% of global bank accounts in 88 markets, facilitating tokenization of all types of transaction beyond our own, streamlining dispute resolution and enabling omnichannel payment processing through CyberSource.

We expect all these acquisitions to close before the end of the year.

We also added significant new partners like Gojek, MercadoLibre and Ola Cabs, while renewing our enduring partnership with JPMorgan Chase through 2029.

We repurchased 12.9 million shares of Class A common stock at an average price of $1 -- of $163.59 or $2.1 billion in the third fiscal quarter.

Including our quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share, we returned $2.7 billion of capital to shareholders in the quarter.

Now some details on our key business drivers.

Payments volume growth on a constant dollar basis accelerated to 9%.

Credit was up 7%.

Debit was up 11%.

Growth remained strong in most parts of the world with CEMEA growing 22%; Latin America, 16%; Asia Pacific, excluding China, growing almost 10%; and Europe, excluding the U.K., growing 12%.

U.S. payments volume growth was 9%, up 1 point from last quarter.

The improvement was driven by the timing of Easter as well as higher consumer credit growth.

Fuel prices were ultimately a drag on growth in the quarter as the strong start in April faded in May and June.

Double-digit growth was sustained in debit at 11% with Visa Direct contributions similar to last quarter.

Credit grew 7% as the impact of the Cabela's conversion continues and we start to lap commercial card wins from last year.

International payments volume growth in constant dollars was 9%.

Growth in CEMEA remained robust at 22% with strong momentum across Russia, the Middle East and Africa.

Latin America growth accelerated 2 percentage points to 16% driven by improvements in Brazil and Mexico.

Growth in the U.K. remained weak, however, growth in the rest of Europe accelerated to 12% with particular strength in Central and Eastern Europe.

Asia Pacific growth, excluding China, was almost 10%, in line with last quarter.

Process transaction growth of 12% is up 1 point from last quarter.

Growth in the U.S. accelerated almost 1 point, in line with volumes.

Also helping growth was the processing gain in Argentina, which had a full quarter impact.

Growth improved in Brazil and was stable in Europe, Asia Pacific and CEMEA.

After getting off to a strong start in April mostly due to Easter timing, cross-border volume growth remained healthy through the quarter, resulting in 7% growth on a constant dollar basis, up 3 points from last quarter.

Constant dollar growth adjusted for cross-border volume within Europe was 9%, up 4 points from last quarter with strength across both travel-related online spending.

Of the 4 point improvement, approximately 1 point was driven by the lack of cryptocurrency drag that impacted each of the past 2 quarters due to the spike in cryptocurrency purchases in late 2017 and early 2018.

Another couple of points was driven by broad-based spend increases.

Outbound commerce accelerated from Canada, Japan, Australia and across most of Latin America and our CEMEA region.

Europe was the biggest beneficiary of inbound commerce with growth in the mid-teens.

Moving on to a quick summary of third quarter financial results.

Net revenue grew at a better-than-expected 11.4%, driven by higher process transaction and cross-border volume growth as well as lower client incentives.

This growth rate includes a 2 point headwind from exchange rate shifts and a sizable drag from low currency volatility.

The adoption of ASC 606 lifted revenue by approximately 1.5 points.

Service revenue grew 10%, benefiting from pricing.

Data processing revenues were up 13%.

International revenue increased 8% with pricing actions and a favorable country mix, i.e., slow of growth within Europe, being significantly offset by lower country volatility.

Other revenue grew 49%, a little over half of which is driven by the adoption of ASC 606 and the remainder a result of clients increasingly utilizing our value-added service capabilities.

Incentives as a percent of gross revenues of 20.9% were lower than we expected this quarter due to lower incentives for some deals and programs, some deal delays and lower volumes in some parts of the world.

We expect to see an uptick in incentives as a percent of gross revenues in the fourth quarter based on the deals just completed in the third quarter and the current pipeline of significant new deals and renewals expected to be signed in Q4.

Operating expenses declined 18% on a GAAP basis due to the litigation provision last year associated with the interchange multidistrict litigation.

Excluding this special item, expenses grew 10% primarily driven by marketing costs, a number of nonrecurring expenses captured in G&A and technology-related investment driving growth in network processing and depreciation expenses.

Marketing expenses grew 18%, driven by investments related to the FIFA Women's World Cup and the adoption of ASC 606.

General and administrative expenses grew 37% primarily due to several nonrecurring items, ASC 606 impacts and indirect taxes.

The adoption of ASC 606 added approximately 2.5 points to expense growth.

Nonoperating expenses were $78 million higher than last quarter as investment gains were $9 million in the third quarter versus $84 million in the second quarter.

Year-to-date, we have recorded $89 million in investment gains or over $0.03 of EPS largely due to the change in accounting rules.

As you know, this is a nonrecurring item.

We continue to benefit from higher interest income on our cash balances as well as from forward contracts swapping some of our U.S. dollar debt to euro-denominated debt, which reduces our interest expense.

Moving now to our outlook for the fourth quarter and the entire fiscal year 2019.

First, let me share our business driver growth for the first 3 weeks of July, which are relatively consistent with the third quarter.

Through July 21, U.S. payments volume growth was 8% with U.S. credit growing 7% and debit over 9%.

Process transactions grew 11%.

Cross-border volume on a constant dollar basis grew 8% or over 9% excluding cross-border volume within Europe.

Our fourth quarter outlook assumes growth trends across our key business drivers in line with what we experienced in the third quarter.

The exchange rate drag is expected to ease to 1.5 points of net revenues.

Currency volatility will likely remain a significant headwind.

The impact of pricing will be higher than Q3.

Based on our current deal pipeline and the recognition of deals signed in this quarter, we expect client incentives as a percent of gross revenue to be 1.5 to 2 points higher than Q3.

When you put all this together, we expect fourth quarter net revenue growth to be moderately better than the third quarter.

On the expense front, we continue to invest in our growth programs.

Fourth quarter expense growth is likely to be in the mid- to high single-digit range.

The fourth quarter will include a full quarter of expenses, including integration costs and purchase accounting for Earthport and for Payworks, which closed last week.

The exchange rate drag on EPS will ease to 2 points.

We expect the acquisitions of Verifi and the tokenization business of Rambus to close during our fourth quarter.

Depending on timing, they could add a small amount of revenue and 1 to 2 points to our expense growth.

When we report our fourth quarter results, we will quantify the revenue and EPS impact of all 4 acquisitions.

We're updating our full year fiscal year 2019 outlook: on net revenue growth, low double digits on a nominal basis with approximately 1.5 percentage points of negative foreign currency impact and over 1 percentage point of positive impact from the new revenue accounting standard.

The change in the ASC 606 impact is driven by deals that were not anticipated at the beginning of the fiscal year.

Client incentives as a percent of gross revenue in the 21.5% to 22% range; expense growth in the low-single-digit decrease on a GAAP basis and an approximately 10% increase adjusted for special items in fiscal 2018, including approximately 2.5 percentage point increase from the new revenue accounting standard; effective tax rate in the 19.5% to 20% range; EPS growth, low 20s on a GAAP nominal dollar basis and mid- to high teens on an adjusted non-GAAP nominal dollar basis, including approximately 2 percentage points of negative foreign currency impact.

We have several acquisitions that will be completed this year.

As I mentioned earlier, we will quantify for you the revenue and EPS impact inclusive of integration cost and purchase accounting on our fourth quarter results.

We will also give you our best estimates for the revenue and EPS impact of these acquisitions on fiscal year 2020 when we provide our 2020 outlook in October.

In summary, business momentum accelerated in the third quarter.

We exceeded our revenue and EPS expectations despite strong headwinds from currency.

More importantly, we are substantially enhancing our capabilities through 4 acquisitions, new strategic partnerships and significant renewals of long-standing relationships with several key renewals and new deals to be executed in the fourth quarter.

We continue to invest at a healthy clip to drive long-term growth and capture the extraordinary opportunities available to us to drive payment digitization globally.

With that, I'll turn this back to Mike.

We're now ready to take questions, Jordan.

(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Jim Schneider from Goldman Sachs.

Just wondering if you could provide any more detail on the extension of the JPMorgan partnership, whether there's any substantial change in the terms of that agreement outside of the length and in terms of the scope, anything that would show up in the economics of the business going forward, and a color around that would be very helpful.

Well, thanks, Jim.

We're obviously not going to discuss the details of it.

I think both companies are very satisfied with it.

They're -- JPMorgan is a big and sophisticated issuer, and I think as I talked to the senior leadership team there, we thought it was a good idea to renew our deal and kind of focus on all the various things that are happening in payments and make sure that we weren't distracted by a negotiation that would happen over the next year or 2. I'm not going to add much more color than that.

Our next question comes from Darrin Peller from Wolfe Research.

Look, it's great to hear the momentum in the pipeline on the wins and renewals, including obviously the JPM deal.

It sounded like you were saying, Al, that the win rate, especially in Europe, was stronger than before.

I guess first of all, is there anything that's changed in terms of why you think you're winning at this rate?

Is it actually better than it was before?

And then maybe just comment on, even in the back of that, how rebates and incentives, the guide is actually a little bit lower than it was before despite these renewals and this pipeline.

I'd say a couple of things and I'll let Vasant talk a little bit about the incentive.

First of all, in Europe, we're now on our front foot.

We're past the integration.

We've got our management team in place.

We're not all the way there, but we've been moving more resources into the markets.

And we've been able to focus much more on running a very good commercial organization in Europe.

And I think that it really is starting to pay dividends to be able to be not distracted by any of the integration activities.

I think the second thing that's happening in Europe and is also happening around the world is that we've gotten our act together as it relates to fintechs.

I'd be the first to admit I think we were a little bit slow out of the chute 1.5 years ago.

But over the last 5 quarters or so we've been very, very focused on fintechs and making sure that we are easy to do business with, easy to integrate with, easy to get onboarded, and I think that fintechs appreciate the various assets that Visa brings to the table from our global reach to our fabulous brand, to a lot of our experience and capabilities and our scale.

So I think that those would be the 2 big factors that would come to mind for me when I think about your question about what is different recently.

I don't know if Vasant wants to add to that or certainly talk about the client incentives.

Yes.

I think on the client incentives front, there's a variety of reasons why they're running lower than we might have expected.

Several items that are good things were some -- we make estimates on terms under which deals might be renewed, and in some cases, we haven't had to use up the incentives we thought we might have needed to when we sort of gave you a general view of things.

So that's a good thing, and that is actually prominent and continues.

Secondly, volumes have been lower in some parts of the world, and that does lead to lower incentives.

Thirdly, exchange rates that impacts the gross revenue line, as you know, helped the incentive lines.

With some degree, that is reflected also when you do a year-over-year comparison.

And then as it relates to the wins, which we are very -- as we said, we're very happy about what has already happened, but we also have a very robust pipeline, many of which we'll be able to tell you about next quarter.

And a lot of that is incorporated into our outlook for the fourth quarter.

Those wins, they play out over time.

The volume comes in over time, and the incentives will play out over time.

So you won't see the impacts right away.

So those are some of the reasons.

And in terms of sort of the activity now and the things and their contribution to volume, as you know, conversions take time.

They play out over time, so the volume will sort of layer in over a year or 2. So you won't see the full impact for at least a couple of years for things that we are winning right now.

Our next question comes from Lisa Ellis from MoffettNathanson.

A question about the strategy, Al, that you've -- you talked about -- with the acquisitions of Earthport and Rambus and some of the other organic investments, you've highlighted that you're adding more of these network of network type of services that extend beyond the boundaries of VisaNet.

Can you just talk a bit about this strategy more broadly?

Meaning like what market opportunity specifically are you going after?

And is this sort of ancillary to the core business?

Or do you expect it to become more core over time?

And then finally, how do you think about maintaining the quality of the Visa network and brand that you sort of extend and expand into this sort of network of network models -- model?

Thanks, Lisa.

So today, we process about 3/4 of the transactions that have the Visa brand on the credential being used, whether it's a virtual credential or a real card.

We recognize that there are other situations where we may not be able to process whether it's a real-time payment network that a country decides to build out or a domestic card network, payments network that somebody decides to build out.

And when we look at those kinds of networks, we see a lack of sophistication in some of the capabilities.

And we believe that we have an opportunity to take our toolbox of capabilities and provide additional value to those networks, either on a licensing type basis or "pay as you go" type basis.

And I see it as very additive to our ability to grow the company and grow revenue and be involved in as many transactions in some way, shape or form as we possibly can.

In no way are we stepping back from continuing to invest in VisaNet.

We -- it is a very important asset for us.

And we have a number of projects ongoing right now and we will continue to make sure that VisaNet is the best possible network in the world in terms of capabilities and in terms of security and in terms of reliability, all of which are very, very important.

Yes.

I mean if you look at each of these, you look at Verifi, it clearly enhances our network because we can streamline dispute resolution on our network.

But it's also network agnostic, and therefore, we can help other networks also provide or streamline dispute resolution.

And it not only takes a lot of the time and cost out of it, but it's a much better consumer experience.

So there's value both to our network as well as the ability to go beyond our network.

If you look at Earthport, clearly, that allows us to substantially enhance our reach and to the extent that a portion of how we get the money from point a to point b might not be on our network does not mean it isn't a Visa-branded transaction with all the security, reliability, et cetera, that our brand offers.

And so it allows us to be network agnostic where it makes sense to be network agnostic in the interest of serving our customers.

And then if you go to Payworks, CyberSource now has a substantially enhanced capability to serve what is an incredibly high demand, which is merchants' desire to approach their business in an omnichannel kind of way where they can see the customer at the same time between both their online business and their in-store business.

So in every case, it enhances an existing business, but it also allows, in every case, the opportunity to extend our business beyond, let's say, our proprietary network.

Our next question comes from Bryan Keane from Deutsche Bank.

Al, just wanted to ask on Facebook's Libra, there's some confusion in the market on how to think about that.

Is it a strategic partner for Visa or a potential disruptive threat?

Just curious your thoughts and level of expected Visa involvement in Facebook Libra.

Bryan, the first thing I'd say, I think it's important to understand the facts here and not any of us get out ahead of ourselves.

So we have signed a nonbinding letter of intent to join Libra.

We're 1 of, I think, it's 27 companies that have expressed that interest, so no one has yet officially joined.

We're in discussions and our ultimate decision to join will be determined by a number of factors, including obviously the ability of the association to satisfy all the requisite regulatory requirements.

So Bryan, in my estimation, it's really, really early days and there's just a tremendous amount to be finalized, but obviously, given that we're -- we've expressed interest, we actually believe we could be additive and helpful in the association.

Our next question comes from Tien-Tsin Huang from JPMorgan.

Good to see the revenue acceleration.

I wanted to ask also on M&A.

So you stepped up the number of deals.

You said 4. I think you did last year one deal.

So I'm just curious, is the appetite for Visa to do more deals going forward?

I'm just curious if this is the -- maybe the new norm for deal activity.

And separately, just want to clarify maybe with you, Vasant.

Aside from FX accounting and the 606 accounting change and also tax, what's changed in your outlook if we were to adjust for those items?

Let me handle the first part, and then I'll let Vasant, Tien-Tsin, answer the questions directed to him.

No.

We have not changed our posture as it relates to M&A.

And the reality is when we see an asset that we think's going to add value or bring incremental value for our clients or their customers or our investors, we're going to pursue it.

This quarter simply was a much busier one in terms of the deals closed or deals where we reached definitive agreements.

In terms of outlook, Tien-Tsin, if you look at our guidance for the full year, our net revenue growth, it's changed -- it's unchanged in the low double digits.

The FX impact, as you saw, was about 0.5 point higher than we had expected at the beginning of the year.

And the accounting impact is also 0.5 point higher roughly, so it's sort of a wash.

So the underlying revenue trend, low double digits and generally as good as we thought as you saw somewhat better in the third quarter.

Client incentives, as you pointed out, have come down for all the reasons we talked about.

Expenses, higher than we had expected at the beginning of the year.

Some of it is the accounting impact going up a bit.

Some of it is we've continued to invest at a healthy clip.

Tax rates, slightly lower than what we expected at the start of the year.

And net-net, I think our EPS is starting from the mid -- I think we were mid-teens when we started.

Now we are mid- to high teens.

Other than the fact that the cross-border business started the year softer than we expected but has picked up well, the other big thing that has sort of been negative is the fact that the currency volatility, as I pointed out, is now running in the last quarter at the lowest levels we've seen in 5 years, and that has continued into the fourth quarter.

But that's fine.

I mean as you can see, we've absorbed it pretty well.

If currency volatility had not been this low, clearly, our international revenue growth would have been higher.

So it did have a decent impact on our international revenue growth, but despite all that and despite the currency headwinds being as high as they've been, we're delighted that our nominal dollar growth is going to be in the low double digits.

Our next question comes from David Koning from Robert W. Baird.

I guess on days, I know Q2 was a little light with Easter and processing days timing out of the quarter.

Q3 picked up a little, and I think Q4, you actually get maybe another extra day.

So what I'm wondering, you talked a little bit about U.S. decel through the first 3 weeks of July and a little bit of transaction decel, but you actually picked back up because of the number of days in the quarter and get back to kind of more stable with fiscal Q3.

Yes.

In terms of processing days, the easiest way to explain it to you is this quarter was a normal number of processing days.

Last quarter was below normal, and next quarter is above normal.

So you're right.

Because of the way this quarter ended and next quarter's going to end, it will help us processing days-wise in the way that processing days hurt us last quarter.

This quarter was more normal.

And as it relates to the 3 weeks, we always tell people 3 weeks don't make a trend.

I wouldn't read too much into it.

I think our outlook is that the trends will be roughly in line with the third quarter.

So if something is slightly higher, slightly lower in the first 3 weeks, I don't think it tells you much.

Our next question comes from Harshita Rawat from Bernstein.

I want to ask about PSD2, the implementation deadline for strong customer authentications this fall.

So my question is how are your thoughts evolving and whether the current ecosystem in Europe is ready for this deadline.

And what are the long-term benefits and tradeoffs of this directive could be?

It's -- you're absolutely right that we've been engaged actively with European and certain Asian authorities and trade associations throughout Europe to raise awareness that we think less than half of the merchants are going to be ready by the deadline, which is September 14 when strong customer authentications, once they go into place.

We're certainly pleased that the European banking authority had a recent opinion that's going to allow for extensions as set by the local regulators.

And I think that most everybody is going to largely kind of look us -- look to the side from people not being in compliance.

We -- it's our understanding that regulators in the U.K. and France, for example, have already communicated that they're not going to enforce the September deadline.

It would be very, very bad for particularly small merchants.

So there is a reluctance to move the deadline date, but I think where we're landing is that people will look past it and allow for exceptions for some time to come.

In the meantime, we're working with merchants and issuers as much as we can to help them make sure they'll be ready.

We are also working on various solutions to help identify exempt and nonexempt transactions and try to figure out how to optimize Secure Customer Authentication.

We've got a Visa Trusted Listing capability, which allows consumers to identify merchants that frequently shop, and therefore, they trust them.

There's a Visa-delegated authorization that allows acquirers to identify merchants that are already performing strong authentication as spelled out in the regulation.

So there's many number of things we're doing to try to help merchants and issuers be ready, but I think that this won't really come to the place where people will be required until we get well into 2020.

Our next question comes from Ashwin Shirvaikar from Citigroup.

Questions on B2B Connect that recently joined, launched it globally.

I know it's early days, but I was hoping to get a couple of things answered.

First, it seems you finally now have, what, looking like holistic offering based on your organic and inorganic investments in the ecosystem.

So is that a fair assessment?

And if not, what parts need to be added?

And secondly, can you comment on any early traction you might be seeing in this area?

Ashwin, it's Al.

It's just too early.

We're just getting past the pilot stage.

We're talking to various banks around the world about connecting, and I just don't expect to be able to share results probably for a good 6 months.

I think it's going to take that long before we really see the traction with B2B Connect.

So there's still some particular work banks would have to do and obviously still some sales work that has to be done to make sure that people understand the capability and what it can do.

Our next question comes from David Togut from Evercore.

Piggybacking a little bit on Ashwin's question.

All 3 mega mergers this year in bank tech and payments have really highlighted B2B payments as an important growth objective.

And of course, you've signed FIS and Bottomline to B2B Connect and just closed Earthport.

So I'm curious if you could expand upon your game plan specifically to build out distribution into the enterprise B2B market, especially for cross border, which you've highlighted as a lucrative growth opportunity for Visa.

Well, I think, David, you've hit the nail on the head.

I mean the enterprise-level volume that has traditionally been wires and checks is just going to require a whole different approach than the approach in the carded area where we rely on issuers and we rely on P-cards and corporate cards and small business cards and virtual cards in order to be successful.

We -- in the enterprise space, you've got to be integrated into some of the large enterprise systems and you've got to build a network of partners that have the ability to generate the kind of distribution with credibility that we need.

So we're going to continue to look for ways to build partnerships and look at investments like the one we made in PayMate and one we made earlier in BillDesk.

And we're going to continue to try to forge investments and distribution partnerships wherever we can because I think that's going to be key to unlocking the volume in this -- the noncarded space of B2B.

Yes.

I mean our B2B strategy has many components, and B2B Connect is one component.

B2B Connect addresses, as you said, high-value transactions on a cross-border basis.

Through Earthport and Visa Direct, we can address B2B transactions but low-value transactions that are high volume also on a cross-border basis.

We also have initiatives that go beyond cross border to domestic AR and AP.

So it's a broad range of things happening on multiple fronts.

I'm sure you've heard about our partnerships with Billtrust and so on that deal with AR.

We have other partnerships that deal with AP.

So it's a variety of initiatives on multiple fronts.

As it relates to B2B Connect, since that was your question, we know that the value proposition is very strong.

We bring settlement -- addresses a whole bunch of pain points.

We bring settlement capabilities, the security and reliability that doesn't exist today.

We utilize distributed ledger technology, and we do tokenization to substantially enhance the security of a transaction.

I think as Al said earlier, with anything like B2B Connect, you have to get the network effect going.

And that means having both ends represented at scale.

That takes some time to develop, which is why, as Al said, you have to wait for some time as we get both sides of the network pull together and then the volumes build.

You -- we talked about that when we talked about contactless.

There are 2 or 3 years where it all builds up and then it takes off.

So it'll be some time before the network effects starts working for us in B2B Connect.

Our next question comes from Dan Perlin from RBC Capital.

I wanted to kind of dovetail a little bit on all these discussions around these new payment flows globally.

And the question is really twofold.

One is, is there a need for investments, like sizable investments in the coming years to increase the scale opportunities for VisaNet.

And then secondly, Al, can you just talk a little bit about how you do think about security vulnerabilities as you build out these networks?

And your distribution points are clearly getting closer direct to consumer.

Well, Dan, our new payment flows, clearly, there's always going to be investments to drive into the level of scale that we want.

I mean in the last year plus, we've greatly added to the resources in Visa Direct, which are tapping all kinds of new payment flows into the various use cases that it's supporting.

We've obviously built out resources in the B2B business unit as we continue to explore that space.

We've got people -- we've had to add people to chase down all the various wallets that are out there in the world, not all of them with financial institutions.

There was all kinds of organizations like Gojek that I talked about in my remarks.

So I think from a technical standpoint -- I'll come to your security question in a second.

From a technical standpoint, I think Visa Direct is -- I'm sorry, VisaNet is able to handle these various use cases today.

As we get into new ones, we may have to do some augmentation of VisaNet to make sure that we can handle a new use case that we might not have anticipated.

But I think really the bigger challenge and the bigger area where we have to invest is simply getting feet on the street and getting people out there to understand what our capabilities are and realize that we can bring various solutions to them that they might not have anticipated.

And clearly, with the acquisitions and the nonbinding agreements that we've talked about, we've got new capabilities that we can bring to clients, old and new, around the world that we have to go communicate.

So that's where I think the preponderance of the investment will be.

Security is something that's always on my mind all the time.

We have an extraordinarily robust, and I'm knocking on wood as I say this, cybersecurity organization.

We spend hundreds of millions of dollars.

We have hundreds of people who work in the group.

We're very conscious of anybody that any system or organization that any way, shape or form is going to come anywhere near VisaNet goes through incredible scrutiny in terms of their security.

When we look at the acquisitions we're doing now, they will be integrated into VisaNet until we're completely and totally comfortable that we've got their cybersecurity capabilities to where they really need to be before we fully integrate them.

So you never know.

The bad guys are continuing to invest as much as the good guys, and we got to stay out ahead of it.

We got to remain vigilant, and it's something that we at Visa believe that security is a critical underpinning of the trust in the payment ecosystem.

And given our place in that ecosystem, we believe we have an obligation to stay vigilant in -- our cybersecurity is one of the reasons we're pushing tokenization so that we can devalue data.

It's one of the reasons we're building consumer transaction control, so consumers can have a role in protecting their security and their data and the use of their payment credentials over time.

And we will -- this is an area we'll continue to invest a lot of money in.

Our last question comes from James Friedman from Susquehanna.

I just wanted to ask, Al, in your prepared remarks, you alluded to the use cases of tap and pay and the attach rate between transaction growth and volume growth.

You referenced that 2.5x accelerator in the U.K. Is there anything unique about the U.K. market?

Or do we think of that as a template of things to come?

Jamie, the only thing I can say and I think that's a bit unique or different about the U.K. market is that we have been in the transit system there for longer than we have in most other big markets around the world.

And as I also said in my remarks, I -- we are finding that transit is one of those things that really creates the habit and when people are commuting home -- to work and home 10 times a week and they're tapping and getting used to it, they realize and look to tap in all kinds of instances, particularly instances where heretofore they were using cash for lower value -- lower ticket purchases.

So I think that as we continue to pursue the 200-plus transit projects that we have going on around the world, certainly including the 1 I referenced in my remarks in terms of the MTA here in New York, where we're seeing really nice results in just the kind of the 7-week period since we've been up and running, I expect that in markets where we are able to penetrate the transit system and get high levels of adoption of tap and pay in general, I think we'll see similar type of results.

That said, we'll have to see how it plays out over time.

I would like to thank everyone for joining us today.

If you have additional questions, please feel free to call or e-mail our Investor Relations team.

Thanks again and have a great day.