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Operator
Good morning. My name is Latricia, and I will be your conference operator today.
At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the US Physical Therapy Q1 2014 Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions)
Mr. Reading, you may begin the conference.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to US Physical Therapy's First-Quarter 2014 Earnings Call. With me here this morning is our team, including Larry McAfee, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Jon Bates, our Vice President and Controller; Rick Binstein, Vice President and General Counsel. Glenn McDowell, who's usually here with us, is traveling on business and won't be joining us today.
Before we begin our discussion surrounding our Q1 results, Jon will cover a brief disclosure. If you would, Jon.
Jon Bates - VP, Controller
Thanks Chris. This presentation contains forward-looking statements which involve certain risks and uncertainties. And these forward-looking statements are based on the Company's current views and assumptions, and the Company's actual results can vary materially from those anticipated. Please see the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for more information.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thank you, Jon. I want to start out by extending a sincere thank you to our partners and staff, our sales team and our operations group, for coming together and staying focused to what had to be the worst winter weather of longstanding memory.
In spite of the crazy weather, which included an ice storm in Houston in March, and in spite of the MPPR and sequester effect on this quarter compared to Q1 2013 before it was in effect, in spite of all of that, we were able to get some really good things done this quarter. Our revenues grew by more than 11%, our visits by 11.5%, and that was after losing approximately 10,000 visits in January and February alone.
As you will note in our release, EPS grew again in spite of the $0.07 to $0.08 impact from MPPR and sequester. Our gross margin improved 12.1%. And operating income grew by almost 13% as a result of the focused efforts of a great many dedicated team members, partners and clinicians.
At the beginning of this year, we said we were going to do a much better job of expense control. And I confess that the weather made that all that much more difficult. And yet the team did a great job under the circumstances with respect to expense management and part time staffing control.
And with all of the craziness, we were able to eke out a little bit of same store growth in the midst of all that we had going on. Again, this is a real testament to our partners, our sales team, and the clinicians working to get patients in the door so they could receive the care they need.
And Glenn, along with our operations group, have been beating the drum on our 5-point sales plan in order to drive new patient volume. And the good news is that when we get our partners out, we see the results in referrals and visits.
Coinciding with that, all of our Fit2WRK group continued to gain contracts with national, regional, and larger local employers for onsite evaluations, consulting, testing, the result of which ends up being a stronger relationship drives visits to our facilities.
Shifting gears a bit, I want to speak about some of the recent acquisitions we've made, including those completed in 2013, as well as the one we just announced last week. I'm obviously heavily involved in these deals from the get-go, as are others on our senior team. We get to know these partners very well, long before they actually become our partners. We are very, very picky about who we will bring into the family.
This past week or so, we had a large group of partners into Houston for some training and new product work. And I had a chance to see everyone again and talk about the existing opportunities and the progress made since our deals were complete.
I must tell you how pleased I am with the caliber of leaders we have added to the Company. In a very short time, these partners have hit the ground running, working with us on new tuck-in as well as organic opportunities. They've led their staff through the transition. And together, working with Jon and Rick and Chad and Jeff and Ashley and others here on our senior team, they have made a great deal of progress, go through these transactions, which happens when good, committed people work together for a common cause.
We have more work to do, more future partners to identify, more acquisitions to complete, more existing partners to serve, support, and grow, and help grow, and more patients' lives to impact. Sometimes, as was the case in this past winter, it can get messy. But with persistence and a great group of committed partners, and all of our respective people working together to make good things happen for our patients and their staff, the communities, the shareholders, and again, producing great results.
So we are very happy. The sun is shining, the snow has melted so that we can keep making hay for the remainder of the year. With that, I would like to ask Larry to cover the financials in more detail.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
Thanks, Chris. As Chris spoke to, the weather severely impacted us. But when we announced in early March the 10,000 patient visit and approximately $0.04 earnings hit as a result, we also noted that our referrals year to date were ahead of budget.
Finally in March, this combination of improving weather and the strong backlog resulted in a significant increase in patient visits.
Our net revenue, as Chris mentioned, increased 11.2% to $69.8 million in the first quarter of 2014 due to an increase in patient visits of 11.5% to 643,900, offset by a very slight reduction in our average net rate for visits.
Our total clinic operating costs were 76.1% of revenue in the first quarter as compared to 76.3% in the year-earlier period. Our operating costs of mature clinics were actually reduced by $1.2 million.
Our provision for doubtful accounts for the quarter was 1.4% as compared to 1.7% a year ago.
Our gross margin for the first quarter increased by 12.1% to $16.6 million, and the gross margin percentage was 23.9% as compared to 23.7% a year ago.
Our corporate office costs were 10.2% of revenue in both quarters.
Our operating income for the recent quarter increased by 12.8% to $9.5 million.
Net income for the three months was $4.2 million, and our diluted earnings per share were $0.35. The analyst consensus estimate was $0.30.
In Q1, same store visits increased slightly, while revenue decreased by 1.7% as the average net rate was reduced by $1.91. This was attributable, largely attributable to the MPPR and sequestration reductions which went into effect in the second quarter last year.
Our adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter of 2014 increased by 12.7% (sic - see press release, "operating income," "12.8%"), $9.5 million. As of the end of the most recent quarter, the average age of accounts receivable was 42 days.
As of March 31, our credit line borrowings totaled $45.5 million. Despite last week's $10 million plus acquisition, our current credit line borrowings are only $50.5 million. So only up $5 million during the period, so obviously we had some significant pay downs at the end of the quarter. Our cash flow remains solid.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thanks, Larry. With that, Operator, we'd like to ask you to open up the lines and we'll take questions. Hopefully we'll take questions. Operator?
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Brooks O'Neil, Dougherty & Company.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
Good morning, guys, and congratulations on a terrific quarter, especially in light of the unusual factors. I was actually in Houston for that ice storm and it was kind of wild. I was in San Antonio for an ice storm in March as well.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Hopefully it's a one-and-done. We don't get it again. Last winter wasn't a lot of fun.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
Well, you know, I live in Minnesota, so I'm something of an expert on winter. And I can tell you that it ends almost every year.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Good to know.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
There you go. All right. Can you just give us any insight into how the trends have continued into April and May? I know you don't want to talk a lot about it, but did it continue to be pretty good as we headed into the springtime?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yes. We don't want to talk a lot about it, but things are steady. So, we're --.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
Okay. Can you just talk a little bit about what you're seeing out there? Obviously now we're a part of the year into the implementation with ACA. You're talking to a lot of employers, large, medium and small. What are you seeing out there in terms of response, behavior, et cetera, as it relates to your business, obviously?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
I'm not sure any of it's really due to ACA. We see certain employers certainly having to manage their -- because of the hourly and benefit-related thresholds, having to manage their workforce. And so in some cases hiring more people, but offering less work hours per week.
Our activity with the Fit2WRK group, which we've grown and support, and in sales and marketing around the country, they continue to do a phenomenal job. And so the demand continues to be very, very high. I'm very pleased with that group's efforts. The results they're producing, our partners' efforts, in conjunction and coordination with that. So I don't know whether that has anything to do with ACA, but right now it seems to be a good climate for us.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
That's good. Can you talk just a little bit about anything you're seeing from a reimbursement perspective? Do you expect the trend to continue to be pressure, or do you think it's flattened out now?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Last year's MPPR and sequester kind of came out of left field. We expect, we budgeted for this year this to be kind of a relatively flat year overall in aggregate. We'll see. I don't expect anything in the near term to be different than it has been.
And I don't know that I would characterize the entire environment as having -- as being pressured. I think certainly from a federal perspective, things happen from time to time -- sometimes predictably, sometimes not -- but I think it's a steady environment right now.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
Good. That's very helpful. Just one or two more quickies. Obviously we noticed no update to the guidance for the year. Clearly sounded like March probably turned out at least as well as you thought; maybe a little bit better. Can you talk about your sort of thinking about the guidance at this moment?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Larry.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
We talked about it internally. It's only the first quarter of the year. As you know, sometimes we do significant acquisitions, or normally when we do a significant acquisition, or after the second quarter we often update guidance. So, if necessary, I think we'll do it then, but we're not doing it right now.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
You wanted to see a little more, I guess.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
Yes, yes. I mean March doesn't make a trend. It was above our expectations, actually, and things are going fine now. So we'll see. And then probably I would guess after the second quarter, if we need to, we'll revise guidance.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
Sure. Okay, that's good. And then lastly, obviously you've been very active from an acquisition standpoint, including the deal last week. You have some debt on the balance sheet. Now, can you just talk about what you're seeing in the pipeline, what your appetite is for continuing to be as active as you have been over the last year?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Well, the appetite is no different. We continue to have good discussions with people. As I said before, we're going to be active and we're going to be probably lumpy from time to time. So again, you're going to see our activity continue to be -- our appetite and our activity continues to be relatively steady. And as we have been, we're not going to be month-to-month or even quarter-to-quarter, but we'll get things done.
Brooks O'Neil - Analyst
That's good. Okay, thanks a lot.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
Larry Solow, CJS Securities.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Could you maybe just give us a little more color on your acquisition you made last week? I actually joined the call late; I'm not sure if you discussed it at all. But it seems like a pretty decent size acquisition, 13 clinics. And it looks like they're larger than your average size clinic, so it actually looks like even a bigger deal than what's on the surface.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Great deal. I get most excited about the people, super good people. But that's been the theme. We've been really blessed with being able to bring in really, really high caliber, quality, very capable people, and so this one's no different.
This is in an area where it's a dense, heavily populated area where there's room to grow. Just since the deal's been announced, I guess word gets around in certain areas, and so the owner or partner in this deal's gotten some calls and some additional interest physicians and other things locally. So it definitely, together we have a plan to expand. And that's been the case with all the deals we've done of late. It's been -- they've been great. We've been very pleased.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Okay. And your outlook for pricing on the commercial side and how it made this acquisition -- what was the pricing of the acquisition you just did, and what's your sort of overall outlook as you look out in 2014?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
I think -- I don't remember exactly what our net rate was on this deal, but it's regionally appropriate and I think was priced appropriately. I think they've done --.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
Their net rate was a little lower than our average, but not a lot. And then it was in our normal 5 to 7 multiple range.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Okay. Then in terms of cost cuts, it sounds like you've certainly done some, and it's obviously helped the bottom line. It sounds like from your prepared remarks, or in the press release, that you still think you have more to do.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yeah, it's mostly keeping our part time staff dialed in very close with volume. Obviously in the first quarter, we have a little bit of a challenge in that the majority of our people are full time. And when we close for snow, there isn't much you can do with that other than just put your head down and get through it.
So absent now the weather impact, I expect with the continued efforts we'll continue to get this dialed in, and it's an ongoing work in progress. But yeah, I think there's still more room.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Excellent. Great, Chris and Larry. Appreciate it.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Dana Hambly, Stephens.
Dana Hambly - Analyst
Chris, you talk about referrals being ahead of plan. Could you just remind me kind of the evolution of how a referral turns into a visit?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Sure. You know what, my partners and our directors and our staff in many cases have relationships. And those come from being involved in the community, being embedded in the community, being on the sidelines nights and weekends and at church and other things. And because these people have longstanding tenure, they're owners in the partnership, they have stability to create relationships based on good care and trust.
And they go out and they call on these doctors. And so we have sales staff that are, in most of our markets, the vast majority of our markets, we have sales people that go out and call on these doctors and are a regular face in those offices.
We have staff that do a variety of different things. Give lectures to case managers and industry, call on physicians and communicate well, and obviously are focused on doing a great job for their patients.
And so those things result in relationships that drive business. You just have to be out there and be present. And physically present as well as clinically present to keep those things going.
Dana Hambly - Analyst
Okay, and so -- and just exactly how are you measuring a referral? Is that once you get the first visit or --?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yes. Yes, it's not just a prescription that comes over a fax. It's when that patient is seen in the clinic that it becomes, for us, a referral. In truth, there are certain referrals that come in that come by phone or by fax, and a percentage of those you don't get in. And that happens in any facility, ours and others. We only count it when it becomes a patient.
Dana Hambly - Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. And on the -- it sounds like March was pretty strong. Is that -- can you help me out -- is that just the pent up demand from the 10,000 visits you lost in the first two months, or are those 10,000 visits gone and you can never recapture those?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
It's a little bit of both. When we get a prescription from a physician, usually comes with a patient already having a follow-up with that doctor and back in a few weeks or a month. And so if they lose a week or a few days, depending upon when that occurs, sometimes you can make it up, sometimes you can't. Depends where they are in the cycle to see their physician, whether they're just getting started or whether they're on the tail end of their care. So sometimes you don't make it up; sometimes you can.
I don't really think that it's necessarily significant pent up demand, although you would have some from the end of February maybe rolling into March. You have people outside getting more active and doing yard work and other things, and so that creates, after a long winter, some strains and aches and pains that sometimes make their way into the facility. March is typically a better month for us, though.
Jon Bates - VP, Controller
And normally when you have these kind of weather factors, especially if they last for several days or a week or longer, what you see is the durations go down, meaning the average number of visits per referral. So whereas we might normally average 10 or 11 visits per referral, you see them drop to 8 or 9. You can definitely see where they've come in less than they would have if the weather had been better.
Dana Hambly - Analyst
Okay, helpful. That all makes sense. And then just lastly for me. Larry, do you have the payer mix for the quarter?
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
Our private and managed care was 51% of revenue. Workers' comp was 20%. Medicare and Medicaid was 23%, and other was 6%.
I'd like to give you some more detail on workers' comp. First quarter last year, workers' comp was 17.7% of revenue, and that has now increased to 20.4% because of Fit2WRK and the acquisition we did in December. So, on a relative basis, that's a 15% increase in the amount of workers' comp revenue year over year.
Dana Hambly - Analyst
Okay. Thanks very much.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thanks, Dana.
Operator
Brian Tanquilut, Jefferies.
Jason Pipeman - Analyst
This is [Jason Pipeman] on for Brian. Just had a question on if you're seeing any benefits from the ACA and improving employment outlook. Should we expect that to -- how should we expect that impact same store going forward for the duration of the year?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Larry may have a different answer. I would tell you not to try to model in an ACA number into a same store number. I don't know what the impact is. We haven't, I don't think, seen really transparent numbers in terms of how many truly new people that didn't have insurance before now have insurance, rather than having lost their insurance because it no longer qualified and having to switch to a new insurance.
I think that that's -- I don't think we're seeing an impact from ACA yet. And if we are, I don't know how we'd measure it.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
Again, our focus is typically in suburban markets where you have a more affluent patient base. And so we don't see indigent patients as a rule, though we see some. And we don't typically see Medicaid, though we do in certain states where it pays okay. So I don't know that the --
Chris Reading - President, CEO
The young people aren't high users in their early 20s of physical therapy. So, relatively speaking, we discount the effect of ACA right now on any trends in our business. Whether that changes over time or not remains to be seen. But right now, I'd say don't try to predict what it's going to do. I don't think it's having an effect.
Jason Pipeman - Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks for the color.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Mitra Ramgopal, Sidoti.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Just a quick question. I was wondering if you could just give us a sense in terms of the competitive environment in light of the reimbursement pressures out there. And if you're -- some of the patient referrals you're seeing, if any of that is coming from business that was going to competitors before.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Again, that's a good question. It's one I don't necessarily know how to quantify. We have the ability to track what comes into our door. We don't have the ability to track necessarily what might have historically gone into somebody else's door.
It's a competitive environment. We're in a very fragmented environment where hospitals are in this business, and small and large private practices. We're well-resourced, and our partners have a lot of resources from Fit2WRK to marketing support to draw on to try to be more competitive and gather a greater share. But again, I don't know specifically how we'd measure that point to point.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
We do know from first-hand experience, Chris and I have talked to a couple of the other large PT companies out there, and at least in the two cases I'm aware of, their same store sales did go down in the first quarter compared to last year. Now that doesn't mean we necessarily took any market share from them. I think they were adversely impacted by the weather. But I think it was, frankly, it was almost amazing that we were able to produce same store volume growth considering how bad it was.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Great, thanks again. Larry, as it relates to that same issue, I know the acquisition pipeline has always been pretty robust. But are you seeing additional opportunities as a result of the environment out there, or again, it's a non-issue right now?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
I would say it's steady as she goes, non-issue. Last year we had MPPR and G codes and a lot of changes, and that kind of shook everybody up. This year's a little less change, I think a little steadier. But we think that there will continue to be a lot of consolidation, and we'll continue to be selective about who we bring into the family.
Larry McAfee - EVP, CFO
And we say this every call, but it's not a pipeline. It really isn't. It's not like we've got 10 deals lined up and scheduled to close. It doesn't work that way. So as Chris said, it's pretty lumpy.
And we did 5 deals last year. That was an unusually high number of deals. I don't know that we'll do as many deals this year. We just did one. We might not do another one for a couple quarters. I don't want people to read into it something if we don't do a deal every quarter.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Great. Thanks again for the color.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Okay. Listen, thank you, everybody. Larry and I are available if you have any additional questions. We appreciate your time this morning, and we thank you for your interest. Have a great day.
Operator
Thanks for participating in today's conference call. You may now disconnect.