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Operator
Good morning. My name is Lynn, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the U.S. Physical Therapy First-Quarter 2012 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise.
After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions) Thank you. I would now turn the conference over to Mr. Chris Reading, Chief Executive Officer. Sir, you may begin.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to U.S. Physical Therapy's First-Quarter 2012 Earnings Call. With me here in Houston, Larry McAfee, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Glenn McDowell, our Chief Operating Officer; Jon Bates, Vice President and Controller; and Rick Binstein, our Vice President, General Counsel, and Chief Compliance Officer. So before we begin, I'd like to ask Jon to cover a brief disclosure statement.
Jon Bates - VP Controller
Thank you, Chris. This presentation contains forward-looking statements, which involve certain risks and uncertainties. And these forward-looking statements are based on the Company's current views and assumptions, and the Company's actual results can vary materially from those anticipated. Please see the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for more information.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thanks, Jon. Before I ask Larry to cover the financial performance in detail, I'm going to provide a little color and go off script a little bit just so you know what we did for the quarter, what's going on here, and where we're focused.
Overall, we had an excellent quarter. Volumes are up about 12%, EPS of over 21%. We had very steady net rate-- a good net rate of nearly $105 a visit. We had good cost control, although we still have opportunity here which we'll talk about in a minute. Very good corporate cost control.
And we'll take a minute just to compliment our team here by department. And I hope I don't leave anybody out because everybody's done an excellent job. HR, IT, Financial Services, Managed Care, the Legal Department, Development, the Operations team. Everybody here carries a big load, and they have worked very, very hard as we have not only grown the Company organically, but on boarded a number of these acquisitions.
And on that vein, these guys worked particularly hard to make sure that service level was very high, being very careful to get these deals integrated quickly, but done the right way, so we can keep hearts and minds intact and keep everybody focused on growing the business. They've done an excellent job at that.
You will recall that just a number of years ago, this company had only grown organically before the current management team that's here came. We've stretched everybody, we've done a lot of very good acquisitions, and that has propelled the Company's growth even further. We will continue to deploy capital in that way, and we're encouraged with some of the folks that we're talking to right now.
We had, in the quarter we had very good execution by the Fit2Work team, with a number of very strong relationships added and expanded with companies that you might recognize like Chrysler, General Mills, Tyson, Igloo, Dow Chemical, Kingsford charcoal company, and UTZ, the potato chip company.
So as you go on your Mother's Day picnic here in the next week or so, and as you go for your drive, maybe it's a Ford or Chrysler, or Toyota -- although I think with Toyota, that's the forklift division, so you're probably not going to be driving a forklift -- but as you go on your picnic and you get your Igloo cooler out, fire up your charcoal grill, make a nice lunch, you pull out your Pottery Barn picnic basket and you have lunch with some UTZ chips on the side, you can think about us working with these companies every day to help make them safer so that they can continue to turn out the excellent products that they're focused on making.
Further good news for the quarter, at least from my perspective, is that even though we had a very good first quarter with really good same store volumes, good EPS growth, margin expansion at a number of lines in our operation, we still have room for improvement in areas that are doable and achievable and on which the team is very focused.
We continue to have opportunity in physician services to grow that portion of our Company, which is currently a small part of what we do. We still have opportunities on the cost and efficiency side. We have opportunities that are very focused on continued volume development. And we have opportunities, and will expand and continue to roll in good new deals, all of which I'm confident that we'll make progress on, short term and long term.
So with that, I'd like Larry to cover the financial performance in a little bit more detail.
Larry McAfee - CFO
Thanks, Chris. I'll go over the first quarter 2012 results as compared to the first quarter 2011.
Net revenue increased 10.3% from $56.7 million to $62.6 million, primarily due to an increase in patient visits of 12.3%, and the average net rate between the two periods was basically flat.
Clinic salaries and related costs were 52.4% of net revenue in the recent quarter versus 52.2%. Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor, and other costs were 19.9% for both periods. Provision for doubtful accounts increased slightly, though still well within our normal range. It was 1.8% in the recent period versus 1.1% a year ago.
Corporate costs declined to $6.262 million, as compared to $6.481 million. Our corporate office costs as a percent of revenue were reduced to 10.0% in the recent quarter versus 11.4% a year ago.
Operating income rose to $9.9 million from $8.7 million.
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest was reduced. The reduction is attributable to the fact the Company has increased its ownership interest in certain of its partnerships.
Tax rate for both periods was 39.3%.
Net income to common shareholders was $4.478 million versus $3.746 million.
Diluted earnings per share rose from $0.31 to $0.38.
Same store revenues for de novo and acquired clinics opened for a year or more increased 5.9%. The same store volume increase was 6%, while the net rate declined by 0.1%. It was the best quarterly same store revenue growth that the Company has produced since 2004.
Our adjusted EBITDA grew from $8 million in the first quarter of last year to 19-- I'm sorry; $9.4 million in the recent quarter. That's an increase of 17.4%.
With regards to our annual earnings guidance, we're not increasing it at this time, but we may do so next quarter or in conjunction with an acquisition.
The Company announced that our regular dividend of $0.09 per share will be paid on June 1 to shareholders of record as of May 15.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thanks, Larry. With that, Operator, I know there's a lot of calls today, so let's go ahead and open it up for questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your first question comes from the line of Larry Solow with CJS Securities.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Hi. Good morning, guys. Probably not easy to quantify, but I know last year the weather was terrible. This year it was fabulous. Any other way to describe, I mean 6% volume growth in same store sales is like off the charts, right?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yes, it's pretty good. We were happy. So we had 3% in the fourth quarter, around 3% I think from memory in the fourth quarter of '11, which as you recall, was really the first quarter we got any decent same store volume traction since the recession started.
And questionably weather was a factor. I think we're seeing things improve in the economy. We've added sales reps. We've added programs. We're focused on Fit2Work. We're doing a lot of things.
So I think the net combination of those is positive, but it's all mixed together, and it's tough to sort out which part of the soup is doing what. 6% is a very strong number, though, for us.
Larry Solow - Analyst
That's great. And I know you guys sometimes don't like to-- I think you had called it out last year, you don't really want to give the look-in into the early in the fall quarter, but anything that you can say? Was there any change during the quarter, at least, or in terms of great trends and--?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
The only comment I'll make is it is steady, although I haven't gone back and looked at what volume did from quarter 1 to quarter 2 in '11. So on a same store basis, I really don't have any color that I can provide, but we're staying steady.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Chris, you mentioned a bunch of these-- when you framed my new outlook at my next picnic, have you guys-- what are the trends in terms of all these companies? Are you getting a lot of new companies on there? I imagine a lot of these that you listed are existing long-term guys.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Actually, a lot of our-- there a number of those companies are new. And some are new by in this quarter and some are new in the last four to six months. So we're getting pretty good roll in. And some of those are more regional, some of those are local, and some of those are more national, so it's kind of a mix. But it's been steady.
And the guys on that team are doing a very, very good job, and literally right now are traveling five days a week just to keep up with the demand.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Got it. And then just lastly, I know you touched on it the last couple quarters, some of your initiatives for cost cutting, and I think you called that out, making some select cuts basically across clinics of non-mandatory personnel. Has that proceeded, has that occurred, is that occurring?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yes. It continues. We ebb and flow quarterly a little bit with some seasonality. So it's not as many-- we did make a number of cuts in the fourth quarter across all the regions. It's more just trying to keep it dialed in and quarterly-appropriate and not allow it to creep. And in particular, when visits are really strong, there's a little bit of a tendency in the field to project that out and to want to bring on staff right at the outset of that. And so it's just, it's a continual thing that we just have to stay focused on.
I do think in general, as we roll in these deals, the water gets a little bit muddy because somebody may be a little bit higher than we are in a particular area and that may swing our numbers temporarily. But it also gives us good opportunity to continue to help them to grow and to dial that in over time, too.
That's not going to go away. We're going to have continued opportunity. And if the market progresses over the next few years, we're going to have to continue to progress right along with them. But I think we can and I think we will.
Larry Solow - Analyst
Got you. Great, thanks, and congrats on the good quarter.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Thanks, Sir.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Brian Tanquilut with Jefferies.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Hi, Brian.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
Hi, guys. Congratulations. Chris, just wanted to hear your thoughts on the pipeline for de novos. You added, or you opened two locations during the quarter, and I figured you're still getting a lot of interest from the physical therapists out there. Just wanted to see what your expectation is in terms of pace and what the outlook, the pipeline looks like.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
We're occasionally lumpy by quarter. And we were (technical difficulty) a little lumpy this last quarter. I expect we'll do about what we've done in the last couple of years. We're seeing good people. It ebbs and flows a little bit, but the team is focused and I think we'll do okay. The acquisitions that we brought on are seeing good growth. Our partners, our strong partners continue to look at opportunities.
One thing that I didn't mention on my little color narrative is that really for the first time, in addition to doing the kind of deals that we've always done, we believe that over the next few years that as the healthcare market continues to be difficult for small providers, that there's going to be an opportunity, and we're beginning to see that now already. There's going to be an opportunity to roll in, really on a pretty efficient basis, some little practices in markets where we already have good market coverage, strong partners, strong partnerships, and really begin to assimilate those into our existing partnerships.
So we really haven't done much of that until recently. Now that Rick is here on the legal team, we're able to handle all that work internally.
We have a partner training program that kicks off this next month with our top partners across the country, our biggest partnerships, really beginning to take them through the anatomy and the psychology and the practical aspects of prospecting, integrating, and assimilating small practices. And so you'll see a focus on that as well. Those will be kind of jump started, organic opportunities that don't cost much and that already have some volume that we're able to roll in and kick start things a little bit in that regard as well.
Larry McAfee - CFO
We didn't put it in the narrative or the press release, but if you look at the schedule in the back, we did two single clinic tuck-in acquisitions in the first quarter.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
Yes, saw that. Larry, since you mentioned acquisitions, and Chris as well, it seems like there's a valuation gap right now. We've seen some of these larger private deals go for much higher multiples than where you guys are trading, and where I'm guessing some of these smaller guys are looking to sell. So how does the industry reconcile that as you look for acquisition opportunities of different sizes?
Larry McAfee - CFO
It's only really the big players that can get the multiples you're talking about. If you've got 50+ clinics, you can get high single-digits, low double-digit multiples. If you're a group with one location, you may not get 4 times EBITDA for it. If you have 5 or 6, it's still in the 5 to 7 range. So there's quite a bit of disparity based on size. The private equity guys are paying up for platforms, and those are the-- that's a 50+ clinic group, normally.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
So in your sweet spot, which is 10 clinics or so for deals, you're not seeing any multiple expansion.
Larry McAfee - CFO
No, not really. I've seen 5 to 7, I mean the deal we-- all the deals we've done, the ones we're looking at are all typically in that range, at least on a PT side.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
And Larry, are you bumping into these platforms now, now that they're better capitalized, I would assume, or are they getting more aggressive with acquisitions?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Yes, I think they continue to look at a variety of different size deals, and we've bumped into them a few times. And we've actually done okay most of the time. It's really a different, it's a different model than we offer.
Larry McAfee - CFO
I mean we're looking for somebody who wants to continue to grow their practice.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
And continue their identity in the marketplace.
Larry McAfee - CFO
Even equity interests, some of these platforms, if they do an acquisition, they want to buy 100%, they want to change their name, they want to change even some of the ways they go to market and treat clinically. So it's--
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Kind of an apples and bananas offering.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
I hear you. And then last one, as I look at the expenses, do we still have opportunities to squeeze some gross margin as we think about visits per therapist? I mean if you don't mind giving us an update on that.
And then on the other side of it, corporate expenses are now at 10%, kind of like within the goal that you stated. Is there more that you can do there to leverage the corporate infrastructure?
Glenn McDowell - COO
This is Glenn. On the productivity side, from a visits per [FT] standpoint, clinically there's certainly upside for us. In Q1 we were at 10.87, which is down a little bit from where we were running. So there's still opportunity for us. Our goal is still to get to 12. The ops team is focused on doing that, and we're constantly looking at the things that we need to do to impact that.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
And then on the corporate side, it's really a function of as we roll in deals, for the most part we're able to assimilate those with either limited expansion here or very modest expansion of people. Now there's certainly some departments, which from time to time we have to pick up additional personnel on, but that's really where the opportunity is I think for us forward.
And I think over time, and you may not see it this year, necessarily, but on a quarterly basis, wouldn't surprise me that at some point in time we'll begin to dip below 10. But we've got good people here that have capacity in terms of their ability to manage a much bigger company, and I think we'll be fine.
Brian Tanquilut - Analyst
Sounds good. Congrats again, guys.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of David Woodyatt with Keeley.
David Woodyatt - Analyst
Yes. I noticed the provision for doubtful accounts jumped quite a bit. Could you drill down a little bit on that? Is it an unusually large jump this year, or was it unusually low a year ago?
Larry McAfee - CFO
It varies quite a bit from quarter to quarter. If you go back and look over the last 10 years, our bad debt reserve year in and year out averages about 1.5%. Some quarters it's 2%, (technical difficulty). But 1.8% is, that's really not unusual.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
So when you look at the comparison from first quarter a year ago, it was probably lighter than normal quarter. Just a little bit of--.
David Woodyatt - Analyst
Was there anything in particular that happened in this latest quarter that would--?
Larry McAfee - CFO
No, no. You're talking about fractions of 1%. I mean (technical difficulty) an individual line item, but I still think for the year we'll probably average around 1.5%.
David Woodyatt - Analyst
Okay, good. Thanks a lot.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your next question comes from the line of Mitra Ramgopal with Sidoti.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Yes, hi. Good morning. Just a couple questions. First, given the strength you're seeing in the same store business, does that alter your acquisition strategy at all in terms of maybe being less aggressive?
Chris Reading - President, CEO
No, not a bit. In fact, some of the same store volume growth that we're seeing, and I just have to compliment both the long-standing organic partners, as well as the acquired partners. They've done equally as well and they're equally as focused. And so it only makes me more enthusiastic to continue to go out and grow the Company, because I think we have a capable group of people that even in the tough market can figure out a way. And so-- and that includes the acquired partners. So it makes me absolutely no less enthusiastic. We've very enthusiastic about it.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Thanks. And it seems like, clearly, you're going to rely increasingly on increasing the volume. Looks like pricing is starting to sort of settle down at current levels.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Well, it's not-- I would love to tell you that as much as we'd like to have a $110 net rate, there's a limit to that, and there are seasonal cycles in terms of what's going on with the government and other things.
I think we've said all along that we felt like this year, at least, pricing would be steady. If through a combination of deals or other things that we're working on, if we can get that up a little bit, I think that would be positive. In terms of the long term, I don't know.
But I don't think there's a massive amount of elasticity in the pricing number right now, from my perspective, but I also don't think there's a lot of downside either. I think it will be a steady year.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Okay. No, that's definitely helpful. Then finally, again, maybe Glenn can give me an update in terms of the sales force of where we stand as it relates to clinic coverage.
Glenn McDowell - COO
Sure, Mitra. At this point in time, at the end of the first quarter we had 69 sales reps, which was down a little bit from where we were previously, covering about 310 locations. And that includes all our full time and part time, plus several industrial sales reps that we have out there.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Thanks. Just a quick reminder of how that compares to, say, a year ago.
Glenn McDowell - COO
A year ago, we had about 77 reps. What we started to do is look at our sales rep force, and we're churning the bottom those that aren't meeting our goals for growth. We're turning over, and as we do that, sometimes it takes us a little while to find an additional sales rep. But the sales team that we have right now is doing an excellent job, as you can see by the results of the first quarter. So we're very happy with where we're at.
Mitra Ramgopal - Analyst
Great. Thanks again.
Operator
And there are no further questions at this time.
Chris Reading - President, CEO
Very good. Okay, thanks, everybody. Larry and I and the rest of the group are around this morning and this afternoon if you have additional questions. We appreciate your time and attention this morning, and we hope you have a great day.
Operator
This concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect.