Rigetti Computing Inc (RGTI) 2024 Q4 法說會逐字稿

Thank you for standing by, and welcome to Rigetti's fourth quarter and full-year 2024 earnings conference call.

感謝您的支持，歡迎參加 Rigetti 2024 年第四季和全年財報電話會議。

(Operator Instructions)

（操作員指令）

I would now like to hand the call over to Subodh Kulkarni, President and CEO.

現在，我想將電話交給總裁兼執行長 Subodh Kulkarni。

Please go ahead.

請繼續。

Good morning, and thank you for participating in Rigetti's earnings conference call covering the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2024.

早安，感謝您參加 Rigetti 涵蓋 2024 年 12 月 31 日第四季和年度的收益電話會議。

Joining me today is Jeff Bertelsen, our CFO, who will review our results in some detail following my overview.

今天與我一起的是我們的財務長 Jeff Bertelsen，他將在我的概述之後詳細回顧我們的表現。

We will be pleased to answer your questions at the conclusion of our remarks.

我們將很高興在發言結束時回答您的問題。

We would like to point out that this call and Rigetti's fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2024, press release contain forward-looking statements regarding current expectations, objectives, and underlying assumptions regarding our outlook and future operating results.

我們想指出的是，本次電話會議以及 Rigetti 截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日的第四季度和年度新聞稿包含有關當前預期、目標以及對我們的前景和未來經營業績的基本假設的前瞻性陳述。

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described and are discussed in more detail in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, our Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and other documents filed by the company from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

這些前瞻性陳述受多種風險和不確定因素的影響，可能導致實際結果與所述結果存在重大差異，並在我們截至 2023 年 12 月 31 日的年度 10-K 表、截至 2024 年 9 月 30 日的三個月和九個月的 10-Q 表以及公司不時向美國證券交易委員會提交更詳細的其他文件中進行了更詳細的其他文件討論。

These filings identify and address important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

這些文件識別並解決了可能導致實際事件和結果與前瞻性陳述中所述的存在重大差異的重要風險和不確定性。

We urge you to review these discussions of risk factors.

我們敦促您回顧這些有關風險因素的討論。

Today, I'm pleased to provide an update and report on our progress at Rigetti Computing.

今天，我很高興提供有關 Rigetti Computing 進展的最新消息和報告。

Rigetti recently entered into a strategic collaboration agreement with Quanta Computer Inc., a Taiwan-based Global Fortune 500 company and a global leader of computer server manufacturing with the goal of accelerating the development and commercialization of superconducting quantum computing.

Rigetti 最近與總部位於台灣的全球財富 500 強公司、全球電腦伺服器製造領導者廣達電腦股份有限公司達成了策略合作協議，旨在加速超導量子運算的開發和商業化。

Rigetti and Quanta have committed to investing more than $100 million each over the next five years pursuant to the collaboration agreement with both sites focusing on their complementary strengths to develop superconducting quantum computing technologies.

根據合作協議，Rigetti 和 Quanta 承諾在未來五年內各自投資超過 1 億美元，兩個基地將專注於互補優勢，開發超導量子運算技術。

In addition, Quanta will also invest $35 million to purchase shares of Rigetti common stock, subject to regulatory clearance.

此外，廣達還將投資 3,500 萬美元購買 Rigetti 普通股，但須獲得監管部門批准。

Quanta's collaboration with Rigetti is designed to strengthen our position in this flourishing market.

Quanta 與 Rigetti 的合作旨在加強我們在這個蓬勃發展的市場中的地位。

Our company's complementary strengths, Rigetti as a pioneer in superconducting quantum technology with open modular architecture, enabling integration of innovative solutions across the stack, and Quanta as the world's leading notebook server manufacturer with $43 billion sales will support us in our goal to be at the forefront of the quantum computing industry.

我們公司的優勢互補：Rigetti 是超導量子技術的先驅，擁有開放式模組化架構，能夠整合整個堆疊中的創新解決方案；而 Quanta 是全球領先的筆記本伺服器製造商，銷售額達 430 億美元，這將支持我們實現走在量子計算行業前列的目標。

On the sales front, I'm pleased to report that we sold a Novera QPU to Montana State University in December 2024, which was our first QPU sale to an academic institution.

在銷售方面，我很高興地報告，我們於 2024 年 12 月向蒙大拿州立大學出售了一台 Novera QPU，這是我們首次向學術機構出售 QPU。

The Novera will be located at MSU's QCORE to educate and train scientists and engineers on quantum computing technologies, in addition to being used to create a test bed for quantum computing R&D.

Novera 將位於密西根州立大學的 QCORE，用於教育和培訓科學家和工程師了解量子運算技術，此外還將用於創建量子運算研發的試驗平台。

MSU's QCORE is a new center of excellence for quantum enabling technologies established to accelerate workforce development and the regional quantum innovation ecosystem.

密西根州立大學的 QCORE 是一個新的量子支援技術卓越中心，旨在加速勞動力發展和區域量子創新生態系統。

I should also note that in addition to the MSU sale, there was an additional Novera sale in the fourth quarter to the UK government.

我還要指出的是，除了 MSU 的出售之外，第四季還向英國政府出售了 Novera。

On the technology front, we launched our 84-qubit Ankaa-3 system in December 2024.

在技​​術方面，我們在 2024 年 12 月推出了 84 量子位元 Ankaa-3 系統。

Ankaa-3 features an extensive hardware redesign that enables superior performance.

Ankaa-3 經過了廣泛的硬體重新設計，實現了卓越的性能。

We achieved major 2-qubit gate fidelity milestones with Ankaa-3, successfully halving the error rates in 2024 to achieve a 99.0% median iSWAP gate fidelity and demonstrating 99.5% median fidelity with fSim gates.

我們利用 Ankaa-3 實現了 2 量子位元閘保真度的重要里程碑，成功地在 2024 年將錯誤率減半，實現了 99.0% 的中位 iSWAP 閘保真度，並展示了 fSim 閘 99.5% 的中位數保真度。

Our newest flagship quantum computer continues to feature Rigetti's scalable industry-leading chip architecture with 3D signal delivery while incorporating major enhancements to key technologies.

我們最新的旗艦量子電腦繼續採用 Rigetti 可擴展的業界領先晶片架構和 3D 訊號傳輸，同時對關鍵技術進行了重大改進。

Ankaa-3 is available to Rigetti's partners via Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services platform and to the general public via Microsoft Azure and Amazon Braket.

Ankaa-3 可透過 Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services 平台供 Rigetti 的合作夥伴使用，並透過 Microsoft Azure 和 Amazon Braket 供大眾使用。

In other developments, AI-powered tools from Quantum Elements and Qruise remotely automated the calibration of a Rigetti QPU integrated with Quantum Machines' control system.

在其他發展中，Quantum Elements 和 Qruise 的人工智慧工具可以遠端自動校準與 Quantum Machines 控制系統整合的 Rigetti QPU。

This work was part of the AI for Quantum Calibration Challenge hosted at the Israeli Quantum Computing Center.

這項工作是以色列量子計算中心主辦的人工智慧量子校準挑戰賽的一部分。

The two companies participating in the challenge, Quantum Elements and Qruise, automated the calibration of a 9-qubit Rigetti Novera QPU integrated with Quantum Machines' advanced OPX1000 control system and NVIDIA DGX Quantum, a unified system for quantum-classical computing that NVIDIA built with Quantum Machines.

參與挑戰的兩家公司 Quantum Elements 和 Qruise 自動校準了 9 量子位元 Rigetti Novera QPU，該 QPU 整合了 Quantum Machines 先進的 OPX1000 控制系統和 NVIDIA DGX Quantum，後者是 NVIDIA 與 Quantum Machines 共同建構的量子-經典計算系統。

This achievement showcases the potential of AI in quantum computer calibration and also highlights the growing collaboration within the quantum computing ecosystem.

這項成就展示了人工智慧在量子電腦校準方面的潛力，也凸顯了量子運算生態系統內日益增強的合作。

Quantum Elements, Qruise, and Quantum Machines are members of Rigetti's Novera QPU Partner program, an ecosystem of quantum computing hardware, software and service providers who build and offer integral components of a functional quantum computing system.

Quantum Elements、Qruise 和 Quantum Machines 是 Rigetti 的 Novera QPU 合作夥伴計畫的成員，該計畫是一個量子計算硬體、軟體和服務提供者的生態系統，他們構建並提供功能性量子計算系統的整體組件。

We believe that another advantage we leverage is our modular approach to developing our technology.

我們相信，我們利用的另一個優勢是我們開發技術的模組化方法。

By enabling our partners to integrate their technology with ours, we can explore and advance creative and flexible ways to improve quantum computing capabilities.

透過讓我們的合作夥伴將他們的技術與我們的技術結合，我們可以探索和推進創造性和靈活的方法來提高量子運算能力。

In summary, we believe that superconducting qubits are the winning modality for quantum computers given their fast speeds and scalability.

總之，我們相信，鑑於超導量子位元的快速性和可擴展性，它是量子電腦的成功模式。

We have developed critical IP to scale our systems and remain confident in our plans to scale to 100-plus qubits by the end of the year with a targeted 2x reduction in error rates from the error rates we achieved at the end of 2024.

我們已經開發了關鍵 IP 來擴展我們的系統，並對我們的計劃充滿信心，即今年年底擴展到 100 多個量子位元，目標是將錯誤率從 2024 年底實現的錯誤率降低 2 倍。

We believe our leadership in superconducting quantum computing continues to be reinforced as we push the boundaries of our system performance, as evidenced by the success of Ankaa-3.

我們相信，隨著我們不斷突破系統性能的界限，我們在超導量子計算領域的領導地位將繼續得到加強，Ankaa-3 的成功證明了這一點。

Thank you.

謝謝。

Jeff will now make a few remarks regarding our recent financial performance.

傑夫現在將對我們最近的財務表現發表一些評論。

Thanks, Subodh.

謝謝，Subodh。

Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2024 were $2.3 million compared to $3.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

2024 年第四季的營收為 230 萬美元，而 2023 年第四季的營收為 340 萬美元。

Revenue is an important part of our strategy to fund our ongoing research initiatives.

收入是我們資助正在進行的研究計劃的策略的重要組成部分。

Renewal of the US National Quantum Initiative, sales to US and foreign governments, and Novera are all important to future sales.

美國國家量子計畫的更新、對美國和外國政府的銷售以及 Novera 都對未來的銷售至關重要。

Gross margins in the fourth quarter of 2024 came in at 44% compared to 75% in the fourth quarter of 2023.

2024 年第四季的毛利率為 44%，而 2023 年第四季的毛利率為 75%。

The lower gross margins on a year-over-year basis were due to ongoing revenues from our contract with the UK's NQCC to deliver a 24-qubit quantum system, which has a lower gross margin profile than most of our other revenue.

與去年同期相比，毛利率較低是由於我們與英國 NQCC 簽訂的 24 量子比特量子系統交付合約的持續收入，該合約的毛利率低於我們的大部分其他收入。

On the expense side, total OpEx in the fourth quarter of 2024 was $19.5 million compared to $19.7 million in the same period of the prior year.

在費用方面，2024 年第四季的總營運支出為 1,950 萬美元，而去年同期為 1,970 萬美元。

Stock compensation expense for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $3.4 million compared to $3.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023.

2024 年第四季的股票薪酬費用為 340 萬美元，而 2023 年第四季為 370 萬美元。

Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $153 million, or $0.68 per share, compared to a net loss of $12.6 million, or $0.09 per share for the fourth quarter of 2023.

2024 年第四季淨虧損為 1.53 億美元，即每股 0.68 美元，而 2023 年第四季淨虧損為 1,260 萬美元，即每股 0.09 美元。

The non-cash change in the fair value of derivative warrant and earn-out liabilities negatively impacted our net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 by $135.1 million compared to a favorable impact of $4.6 million in the comparable prior year period.

衍生認股權證和獲利負債的公允價值的非現金變動對我們 2024 年第四季的淨虧損產生了 1.351 億美元的負面影響，而去年同期的有利影響為 460 萬美元。

The derivative warrant and earn-out liabilities are noncash in nature, and Rigetti will never be required to pay cash to settle these obligations.

衍生認股權證和獲利負債本質上是非現金的，Rigetti 永遠不會被要求支付現金來清償這些債務。

Cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments totaled $217.2 million as of December 31, 2024.

截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日，現金、現金等價物及可供出售投資總額為 2.172 億美元。

During the fourth quarter of 2024, we received net proceeds of $153.3 million from the sale of 88.1 million common shares through a registered direct offering and completion of our at-the-market equity offering.

2024 年第四季度，我們透過註冊直接發行和完成市場股票發行出售 8,810 萬股普通股獲得了 1.533 億美元的淨收益。

We also prepaid in full all of the remaining amounts owed under our loan agreement with Trinity Capital, Inc.

我們也根據與 Trinity Capital, Inc. 的貸款協議預付了所有剩餘欠款。

We believe that our existing balances of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities should be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating cash needs for at least the next three years based on our current business plan and expectations and assumptions considering current macroeconomic conditions.

我們認為，根據我們目前的業務計劃以及考慮到當前宏觀經濟狀況的預期和假設，我們現有的現金、現金等價物和有價證券餘額應該足以滿足我們預計至少未來三年的營運現金需求。

Thank you.

謝謝。

We would now be happy to answer your questions.

我們現在很樂意回答您的問題。

(Operator Instructions) Craig Ellis, B. Riley.

（操作員指示） Craig Ellis、B. Riley。

Congratulations on the partner progress and the Novera QPU sales.

恭喜合作夥伴取得進展並實現 Novera QPU 銷售。

So, Subodh, I wanted to start off by following up on the Quantum announcement.

所以，Subodh，我想先跟進 Quantum 的公告。

And the question is this, can you help us understand the deals, Genesis where you reach out to them, they do you?

問題是，您能幫助我們了解這些交易嗎？

And over what time period has this deal been gestating?

這筆交易醞釀多久了？

And is there anything exclusive about any of the technology that you or they would develop underneath the agreement?

您或他們根據該協議開發的技術是否具有獨特性？

Thanks, Craig.

謝謝，克雷格。

So yes, it's an exciting partnership announcement we did with Quantum Computers.

是的，這是我們與量子電腦公司達成的一項令人興奮的合作聲明。

As our announcement said, Quantum is a large company based in Taiwan with almost $43 billion in annual sales.

正如我們的公告所說，昆騰是一家總部位於台灣的大公司，年銷售額近 430 億美元。

They are well known for both their laptop as well as server manufacturing.

他們因筆記型電腦和伺服器製造而聞名。

I believe they have the number 1 market share in GPU servers right now.

我相信他們目前在 GPU 伺服器市場佔有第一的份額。

So they are a close partner of companies such as NVIDIA, Apple, and many other companies.

因此他們是 NVIDIA、Apple 等許多其他公司的密切合作夥伴。

They, on their own, have been looking around for how is the best way for quantum computers to get into quantum computing because they clearly view quantum computing as the next big thing after GPUs.

他們一直在尋找量子電腦進入量子運算領域的最佳方式，因為他們清楚地認識到量子運算是繼 GPU 之後的下一個重大事件。

And they've always done that.

他們也一直都是這麼做的。

They have always been on the leading edge of new technology curves.

他們始終處於新技術曲線的前端。

So they were searching for the right partner.

因此他們正在尋找合適的合作夥伴。

They did their own homework, looked at all the different modalities, and decided that superconducting gate-based quantum computing is the most likely modality to win.

他們做了自己的準備，研究了所有不同的模式，並認定基於超導門的量子計算是最有可能獲勝的模式。

Within that, we are clearly a leader competing right at the top, along with IBM and Google.

在這一領域，我們顯然是與 IBM 和 Google 並駕齊驅的領導者。

So we don't know all the companies that they talk to, but they certainly started talking to us close to a year ago or so.

因此，我們不知道他們與之交談的所有公司，但他們肯定在大約一年前就開始與我們交談了。

So we have been discussing with them for a while now.

所以我們已經和他們討論了一段時間了。

On our side, we know that we cannot be building the commodity-type items of the hardware stack in Berkeley or Fremont, California, doesn't make any sense given the cost structure in those places.

就我們而言，我們知道我們無法在加州的伯克利或弗里蒙特生產硬體堆疊的商品類型的產品，因為考慮到這些地方的成本結構，這沒有任何意義。

So we were looking for appropriate contract manufacturers in the long term as volumes pick up, who is the right contract manufacturer for us.

因此，隨著產量的增加，我們一直在長期尋找合適的合約製造商，誰才是適合我們的合約製造商。

So it was a mutual decision where we thought they are the right potential partner given the critical role they play in CPU, GPU servers today.

因此，這是一個共同的決定，我們認為他們是正確的潛在合作夥伴，因為他們在當今的 CPU、GPU 伺服器中發揮關鍵作用。

They believe that we are the right partners from a technology standpoint.

他們相信從技術角度來看我們是合適的合作夥伴。

Clearly, one of our needs was to have money, and that's what they offered is, as you can see, they are buying $35 million of our shares at $11.59 pending regulatory clearance.

顯然，我們的需求之一就是資金，而他們提供的就是資金，正如你所看到的，他們將以每股 11.59 美元的價格購買我們價值 3500 萬美元的股票，等待監管部門批准。

But more importantly, they have committed to more than $250 million over the next five years to be invested in the non-QPU portion of the hardware stack.

但更重要的是，他們承諾在未來五年內投資超過 2.5 億美元用於硬體堆疊的非 QPU 部分。

So essentially, going forward, we will continue to focus, as we always have on the Quantum chip fabrication part.

因此，從本質上講，展望未來，我們將繼續專注於量子晶片製造部分。

And we will be responsible for the whole stack, but we will start relying on them as our contract manufacturer for things such as the control system, the dilution refrigerator, cables, and all the other accessories that are extremely important, but just not that high-value add.

我們將負責整個堆棧，但我們將開始依靠他們作為我們的合約製造商，生產控制系統、稀釋製冷機、電纜以及所有其他極其重要但附加價值並不高的配件。

So we believe it's the right partnership in the long term.

因此我們相信，從長遠來看，這是正確的合作關係。

We certainly are counting on them to help us out on that part.

我們當然指望他們能在這方面幫助我們。

And certainly, between the cash we already have plus the $35 million they will give us for shares plus the $250 million commitment.

當然，我們已經擁有的現金加上他們將給我們的 3500 萬美元股份加上 2.5 億美元的承諾。

We effectively have close to $500 million right now to be invested in the next five years.

我們現在實際上有近 5 億美元可供在未來五年內投資。

So we feel really good about that position and how we can deploy that investment to accelerate the pace of our quantum computing development.

因此，我們對這一立場感到非常滿意，並知道如何利用這項投資來加快我們的量子運算發展步伐。

Hopefully, that answers your question.

希望這能回答您的問題。

Yes, that's very helpful.

是的，這很有幫助。

And I think it is significant that as a leader in first x86 servers and now GPU-based servers, they've chosen to partner up with you and certainly with significant financial commitment.

我認為，作為首批 x86 伺服器和現在的基於 GPU 的伺服器的領導者，他們選擇與您合作並做出重大財務承諾，這一點很重要。

The second question I wanted to ask was related to your take on where we stand with government funding.

我想問的第二個問題與您對我們的政府資助現狀的看法有關。

Recently, there was a bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Danes and Durbin regarding $2.5 billion in potential funding for the US government.

最近，參議員丹尼斯和德賓提出了一項兩黨法案，涉及為美國政府提供 25 億美元的潛在資金。

Can you just give us an update on where things stand federally in the US and your views on what that might be able to do?

您能否向我們介紹美國聯邦政府的最新情況，以及您認為這可能會產生什麼影響？

Sure.

當然。

So as you correctly said, there is a bipartisan bill that has been introduced for about $2.5 billion over five years.

因此，正如您正確指出的那樣，有一項兩黨法案已經提出，五年內撥款約 25 億美元。

Most of that is slated to go to the DOE labs such as Fermi Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab, and other DOE labs that we depend on for our funding.

其中大部分將流向能源部實驗室，例如費米實驗室、橡樹嶺國家實驗室以及我們依賴其提供資金的其他能源部實驗室。

That bill seems to have bipartisan support.

該法案似乎得到了兩黨的支持。

There's no indication it won't go through.

沒有跡象表明它不會通過。

But as of today, it hasn't been signed yet.

但截至今日，該協議仍未簽署。

We are optimistic that it will get signed here soon and then the money gets appropriated to the right DOE labs.

我們樂觀地認為它將很快簽署，然後資金將被撥給正確的能源部實驗室。

We are hoping that somewhere in the second quarter of this year, the money will start getting appropriated so we can start getting contracts from those DOE labs.

我們希望在今年第二季的某個時候，資金能夠開始撥付，這樣我們就可以開始與能源部實驗室簽訂合約。

In addition to DOE, DoD has several initiatives going on right now to fund Quantum computing.

除了能源部以外，國防部目前還有幾項計畫正在實施，以資助量子計算。

The biggest one being the DOD DARPA Quantum Benchmark initiative, QBI, we expect them to make some very important announcements in the next month or so as to which is a group of companies that they have chosen going forward to build what they call utility scale Quantum computing.

其中最大的項目是美國國防部高級研究計劃局 (DARPA) 量子基準計畫 QBI，我們預計他們將在下個月左右發布一些非常重要的公告，宣布他們選擇了哪一組公司來建立他們所謂的實用規模量子計算。

Basically, that's like the world's best biggest Quantum computer that has to be built by 2033 time period.

基本上，這就像是世界上最大的量子計算機，必須在 2033 年之前建成。

And they have several hundred million dollars, more than $300 million in budget for that.

他們為此準備了數億美元，預算超過 3 億美元。

In addition to that, there are several other line items in the DoD bill that will be able to fund Quantum computing.

除此之外，國防部法案中還有其他幾個項目可以為量子計算提供資金。

So overall, between DOE and DoD, we are expecting sizable increase in US government investment in Quantum computing.

因此總體而言，我們預期美國政府在能源部和國防部對量子運算的投資將大幅增加。

We are just waiting for the bills to get signed and the money to get appropriated, but we are pretty optimistic as 2025 rolls along, a sizable amount of investments will be available from DOE and DoD.

我們只是在等待法案的簽署和資金的撥付，但我們非常樂觀地認為，隨著 2025 年的到來，能源部和國防部將提供大量投資。

And then finally for me before I hop back in the queue.

在我重新回到隊列之前，這是最後一個。

Regarding cash, congratulations on getting it to such a significant level.

至於現金，恭喜您將其達到如此重要的水平。

The first question related to that is, does it change at all how you look at near-term intensity for either R&D or sales and marketing?

與此相關的第一個問題是，這是否會改變您對近期研發或銷售和行銷強度的看法？

And then the longer-term question since Jeff did indicate potential sufficiency for the next three years or so, how do you feel about its ability to get you to a level where the company is self-funding?

然後是長期問題，因為傑夫確實指出了未來三年左右的潛在自給自足，您認為它是否有能力讓公司達到自籌資金的水平？

So as I mentioned earlier, we have $217 million, as Jeff mentioned, million at the end of last year, plus we have this commitment from Quantum for $35 million plus the $250 million.

因此，正如我之前提到的，截至去年年底，我們有 2.17 億美元，再加上 Quantum 的 3500 萬美元承諾以及 2.5 億美元。

So around bring of the numbers, we have roughly $500 million available to us for the next five years, which is a sizable amount of money given our burn rate.

因此，從數字上看，未來五年我們大約有 5 億美元可用，考慮到我們的燒錢速度，這是一筆相當可觀的資金。

And as Jeff said, at least for three years, we don't need to worry about cash and probably longer.

正如傑夫所說，至少三年內我們不需要擔心現金，甚至更長也不需要擔心。

Certainly, we hope that these government initiatives get funded by the US government, the UK government, where we have very good relationships as well as some other friendly governments around the world that we have been talking to.

當然，我們希望這些政府措施能夠得到美國政府、英國政府的資助，我們與這些政府有著非常好的關係，而且我們也一直在與世界各地的一些友好政府進行交流。

Assuming those initiatives materialize, we certainly hope we don't need to raise cash.

假設這些舉措得以實現，我們當然希望我們不需要籌集資金。

We'll certainly look at opportunities, but it's not that we need to raise cash if those initiatives materialize and we manage to get the contracts.

我們當然會尋找機會，但如果這些計劃得以實現並且我們設法獲得合同，我們就不需要籌集資金。

But clearly, we are in an R&D stage right now.

但顯然，我們目前處於研發階段。

We don't believe commercial sales to increase anytime immediately.

我們不相信商業銷售會立即增加。

I know there's a lot of discussion going around as to where exactly quantum computing is in terms of sales expectations.

我知道有很多關於量子計算的銷售預期究竟處於什麼位置的討論。

Our general view is we are still in R&D.

我們的整體觀點是我們仍處於研發階段。

We are still roughly about four to five years away before commercial sales matter, which is why we keep highlighting that it's the R&D milestones that are far more important right now than this one-off government type contracts.

我們還需要大約四到五年的時間才能實現商業銷售，這就是為什麼我們一直強調，研發里程碑現在比這種一次性的政府合約重要得多。

We certainly welcome those and we want those.

我們當然歡迎這些，而且我們也希望得到這些。

And as government increases the budget substantially, we will certainly depend on those to help us get to positive cash flow in the next three, four years.

隨著政府大幅增加預算，我們肯定會依靠這些資金來幫助我們在未來三到四年內實現正現金流。

But our focus right now continues to be squarely on R&D and making sure we are in the lead with superconducting quantum computing.

但我們現在的重點仍然是研發，並確保我們在超導量子運算領域中處於領先地位。

Hopefully, that answers your question.

希望這能回答您的問題。

Quinn Bolton, Needham & Company.

奎因博爾頓，Needham & Company。

This is Shadi on for Quinn.

這是 Shadi 代替 Quinn 上場。

My first question is on the QPU sale to Montana State University.

我的第一個問題是關於昆士蘭理工大學向蒙大拿州立大學出售股份的問題。

Can you guys discuss if the sale to MSU was a competitive process?

你們能討論一下向 MSU 出售是否是一個競爭過程嗎？

And if so, what was some of the feedback from the university that led to them choosing Rigetti's technology?

如果是的話，大學的哪些回饋促使他們選擇了 Rigetti 的技術？

Thanks, Shadi.

謝謝，沙迪。

I mean, as you know, we have been building 9-qubit QPU and making it available to commercial customers, particularly academic researchers and government national lab-type customers, not quite the classic data center-type customers.

我的意思是，如你所知，我們一直在建立 9 量子位元 QPU，並將其提供給商業客戶，特別是學術研究人員和政府國家實驗室類型的客戶，而不是傳統的資料中心類型的客戶。

The real objective of enabling that is to build a quantum ecosystem, and it's all for research applications.

實現這一目標的真正目的是建立一個量子生態系統，這一切都是為了研究應用。

And clearly, the Montana State University is a research case where they are trying to understand the fundamentals of quantum computing.

顯然，蒙大拿州立大學是一個研究案例，他們正在試圖了解量子運算的基礎知識。

So they are doing basic experiments with those like pulse shape, pulse sizes, really understanding how to design algorithms and those kinds of things.

因此，他們正在對脈衝形狀、脈衝大小等進行基礎實驗，真正了解如何設計演算法等等。

So it gets to the fundamental understanding of quantum computing.

這樣就達到了對量子計算的根本理解。

We are really not going to use a 9-qubit QPU to try to compete with a CPU or GPU.

我們實際上不會使用 9 量子位元 QPU 來嘗試與 CPU 或 GPU 競爭。

So it's really not meant for any practical application or demonstrating quantum advantage or anything.

所以它實際上並不適用於任何實際應用或展示量子優勢等等。

It's all for research purposes.

一切都是為了研究目的。

But it's a nice convenient product to have in your lab where you can get hands-on experience.

但它是一款非常方便的產品，可以放在您的實驗室中，讓您獲得實際操作經驗。

It fits into many of the research customers in this area already have purchased a dilution refrigerator for various reasons.

它適合該領域的許多研究客戶，他們由於各種原因已經購買了稀釋製冷機。

And the 9-qubit GPUs are a relatively simple product that fits into your existing dilution refrigerator.

9 量子位元 GPU 是相對簡單的產品，可裝入您現有的稀釋冷凍機。

So it's a relatively simple thing to ship, get it integrated into your system and you can start working with it fairly quickly.

因此，這是一個相對簡單的運送過程，將它整合到您的系統中，您可以相當快地開始使用它。

So it's a fairly user-friendly way to get into fundamentals of quantum computing ecosystem.

因此，這是一種相當用戶友好的方式來了解量子計算生態系統的基礎知識。

Hopefully, that answers your question.

希望這能回答您的問題。

Yes, it does.

是的。

And then I want to follow up on Craig's question.

然後我想跟進 Craig 的問題。

And sorry if I missed this, but is that DOE Quantum Leadership Act, the same bill as the National Quantum Initiative Act, but reintroduced as a different name?

如果我錯過了這一點，請原諒我，但是《能源部量子領導力法案》是否與《國家量子計劃法案》是同一項法案，只是以不同的名稱重新提出？

Or are these two different bills going through Congress?

或者這是國會正在審議的兩項不同的法案？

No, there's only one bill.

不，只有一張帳單。

Right now, it is the same one that Craig mentioned, introduced by Senator Daines Sham.

現在，它和克雷格提到的一樣，由參議員戴恩斯·沙姆提出。

It's a $2.5 billion initiative over five years.

這是一項為期五年、耗資 25 億美元的計畫。

Got it.

知道了。

And I have one quick modeling question.

我有一個簡單的建模問題。

But what can we expect the share count to be in Q1?

但是我們預計第一季的股票數量會是多少呢？

Yes.

是的。

I think in terms of share count, we ended the year at 200 and call it, 84 million shares.

我認為，就股數而言，到年底我們的股數為 200，也就是 8,400 萬股。

So I would think, let's say, 290 million would be my estimate.

因此我想，我的估計是 2.9 億。

Krish Sankar, TD Cowen.

克里什·桑卡爾（Krish Sankar），TD Cowen。

This is Stephen calling on behalf of Krish.

我是史蒂芬，代表克里什打電話來。

Subodh, I guess first one for you regarding technical milestones for the year, specifically on the scaling front for the 9-qubit modular tile architecture.

Subodh，我想第一個問題與您今年的技術里程碑有關，特別是在 9 量子位元模組化瓦片架構的擴展方面。

So I know you guys have a target of reaching 36 qubit chip by middle of this year and then over 100 qubits by the end of the year.

所以我知道你們的目標是在今年年中實現 36 量子位元晶片，然後在年底實現超過 100 量子位元。

I was just kind of wondering, this level of scaling should we assume that, that rate of scaling can continue in future years as well?

我只是有點好奇，我們是否應該假設這種擴展水平，這種擴展速度在未來幾年也能夠持續下去？

Or are there certain physical limitations to the packaging or processing process in terms of like reticles or signal integrity, so on and so forth?

或者在諸如光罩或訊號完整性等方面，封裝或加工過程是否存在某些物理限制？

And also, related to it, from an error rate standpoint, you mentioned having 2x reduction in error rates by the end of this year.

而且，與此相關的是，從錯誤率的角度來看，您提到到今年年底錯誤率將降低 2 倍。

Just wondering if all of the I guess, the aggregate of different software algorithms and other improvements that you guys are working on both internally and with partners, can that error rate be outperformed or better than you currently are estimating?

我只是想知道，我猜，你們內部和與合作夥伴共同努力開發的所有不同的軟體演算法和其他改進，是否可以使該錯誤率超過或優於您目前的估計？

Sure.

當然。

All very good questions, Stephen.

這些都是非常好的問題，史蒂芬。

So I'll try to answer them.

所以我會盡力回答他們。

So let's take an assessment of where we are.

讓我們評估一下我們現在的狀況。

First, as a modality, I mean, you can clearly see what's going on in the quantum computing world with superconducting gate-based quantum computing.

首先，作為一種模式，我的意思是，您可以透過基於超導閘的量子計算清楚地看到量子運算世界中發生的事情。

I mean between our announcement plus Google, WillowCip announcement, plus recent announcements from companies like Amazon, Microsoft, even the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is the government of China sponsored organization.

我的意思是，我們的公告加上Google、WillowCip 的公告，加上亞馬遜、微軟等公司最近的公告，甚至中國科學院（中國政府資助的組織）。

To us, it's becoming amply evident that superconducting gate-based quantum computing is the most likely winning modality here.

對我們來說，顯而易見的是，基於超導閘的量子計算是最有可能獲勝的模式。

I mean, the amount of investment going on from all the large companies and organizations.

我指的是所有大公司和組織正在進行的投資金額。

But look at the data.

但看看數據。

I mean, collectively, we are in the roughly 100 qubit range right now.

我的意思是，總的來說，我們現在大約處於 100 個量子位元的範圍內。

Collectively, we are in the 99% to 99.5% median 2-qubit gate fidelity.

總的來說，我們的中位數 2 量子位元閘保真度處於 99% 到 99.5% 之間。

We are in the tens of nanoseconds gate speed, which I'll point out is 10,000x faster than some other modalities like trapped ion or pure atoms.

我們的門速度是幾十納秒，我要指出的是，這比其他一些模式（如捕獲離子或純原子）快 10,000 倍。

And we are already deploying real-time error correction with low latency.

我們已經在部署低延遲的即時糾錯技術。

We did that.

我們做到了。

Google did that with their WillowCip announcement.

谷歌透過其 WillowCip 公告做到了這一點。

So when we look at collectively where superconducting modality -- gate-based quantum computing modality stands to us, it becomes very clear that this is the modality that's most likely going to win.

因此，當我們集體審視超導模式——基於閘門的量子計算模式對我們來說意味著什麼時，就會很清楚地發現，這是最有可能獲勝的模式。

Now within that, we have our share of challenges.

現在，我們也面臨自己的挑戰。

None of us are demonstrating quantum advantage yet.

我們還沒有人展現出量子優勢。

And I'll say that across the board for all modalities.

我會針對所有模式都這麼說。

I mean you'll hear all kinds of hype going around, and there's a lot of hype going around in quantum computing.

我的意思是，你會聽到各種各樣的炒作，量子計算領域就有很多炒作。

But none of us have demonstrated quantum advantage.

但我們中沒有人表現出量子優勢。

We are all getting to that point.

我們都正在走向這一點。

And at least on the superconducting gate-based quantum computing side, we believe we need to get to several hundred qubits, maybe 1,000 qubits.

至少在基於超導閘的量子運算方面，我們認為我們需要達到幾百個量子位元，甚至可能是 1,000 個量子位元。

We need to get to like 99.7% median 2-qubit gate fidelity, maybe 99.8 less than 30 nanosecond gate speed, and real-time error correction to demonstrate quantum advantage.

我們需要達到 99.7% 的中位數 2 量子位元閘保真度，可能達到 99.8% 小於 30 奈秒的閘速度，以及即時糾錯以顯示量子優勢。

And that's where our road map, and I believe IBM Google's road map is comparable to ours.

這就是我們的路線圖，我相信 IBM Google 的路線圖與我們的路線圖相當。

We are all looking at roughly about four fails, maybe five years to demonstrate quantum advantage and commercial business to take off.

我們預計大概需要四次失敗，也許五年的時間來證明量子優勢並實現商業業務的起飛。

Now having said that, how do we get from the current about roughly 100 qubits we are all at to 1,000 qubit.

現在說了這麼多，我們要如何從目前大約 100 個量子位元增加到 1,000 個量子位元呢？

And that's where I think different approaches start coming in.

我認為這就是不同的方法開始發揮作用的地方。

Our view is that chiplets is a key tool that we are planning on using to scale up.

我們認為，小晶片是我們計劃用來擴大規模的關鍵工具。

And we did some early work with 40-qubit chips in like about two, three years ago, then more recently last year, we did more with 9-qubit chips.

大約兩三年前，我們對 40 量子位元晶片進行了一些早期工作，去年，我們又對 9 量子位元晶片進行了更多工作。

We demonstrated a couple of different times that you can tile chips and still maintain all your quantum effects and see no deterioration in performance, which is a huge important milestone to demonstrate.

我們多次證明，你可以平鋪晶片並仍然保持所有的量子效應，而且性能不會下降，這是一個非常重要的里程碑。

Having done that twice now, now this is the year we have decided to start deploying it in more of a volume manner.

我們已經做了兩次了，今年我們決定開始以更大規模的方式部署它。

So our first important milestone is demonstrating 4x 9 qubit, so that would be 36 qubit by the middle of this year and demonstrate 99.5% or better median 2-qubit gate fidelity.

因此，我們的第一個重要里程碑是展示 4x 9 量子比特，這樣到今年年中將達到 36 量子比特，並展示 99.5% 或更好的中位數 2 量子位元閘保真度。

And assuming we are successful and we are fairly optimistic we will be successful with that milestone, then bump it up to more than 100 qubit by the end of this year.

假設我們成功了，我們相當樂觀地認為我們將成功實現這一里程碑，然後在今年年底前將其提升到 100 多個量子位元。

It certainly is a big milestone for Rigetti, but we believe it's a huge milestone for the whole industry because it's the first time any one of us is going to show a real path to get to 1,000 qubits.

對於 Rigetti 來說，這無疑是一個重要的里程碑，但我們相信，對於整個產業來說，這都是一個巨大的里程碑，因為這是我們第一次展示達到 1,000 個量子位元的真正途徑。

Right now, all of us, even though we are at 100 qubits, we know that getting to several hundred qubits from where we are right now with a single monolithic chip is a challenge.

現在，儘管我們已經有 100 個量子位元，但我們都知道，從現在的狀態使用單一單晶片將量子位元提高到數百個量子位元是一個挑戰。

We see that in our data.

我們在數據中看到了這一點。

We believe IBM tried to go to 430 qubits a year ago, and they had some challenges, which is why you don't find it deployed right now.

我們相信 IBM 一年前曾嘗試達到 430 個量子位元，但遇到了一些挑戰，這就是為什麼它現在還沒有部署的原因。

And certainly, when we look at the other modalities, I don't even think they are anywhere close to what we are talking about hundred and hundreds of qubits and stuff like that.

當然，當我們看其他模式時，我甚至不認為它們與我們談論的數百個量子位元和諸如此類的東西有任何接近之處。

So our view is that chiplets is a critical technology.

因此，我們認為小晶片是一項關鍵技術。

We have shown that it works in quantum computing.

我們已經證明它在量子計算中發揮作用。

Obviously, the CMOS world has shown that chiplets are critical.

顯然，CMOS 世界已經表明晶片至關重要。

I mean, if you look at any high-end applications with CMOS today, most of them do use chiplets.

我的意思是，如果你看看今天任何採用 CMOS 的高階應用，你會發現它們大多數都使用了小晶片。

And there's a good reason for that because it's a lot easier to control uniformity and performance over a smaller dimension chip, physical dimension chip than a larger dimension chip.

這是有充分理由的，因為與大尺寸晶片相比，小尺寸晶片、實體尺寸晶片更容易控制均勻性和性能。

So there's no reason for us to reinvent the wheel.

所以我們沒理由再重新發明輪子。

So we are using all the learnings from the semiconductor industry and CMOS industry in specific and deploying chiplets.

因此，我們正在利用半導體產業和 CMOS 產業的所有經驗來具體部署晶片。

We feel pretty good that we will demonstrate 419 by the middle of this year and then we'll bump it up to over 100 qubit.

我們感到非常高興，我們將在今年年中展示 419，然後將其提升到 100 量子位元以上。

And assuming we are successful with that, that, we believe, is a really good way to scale it up to several hundred and several thousands of qubits.

假設我們成功了，我們相信，這是一個將其擴展到幾百到幾千個量子位元的好方法。

Just to give you a feel, our 9-qubit chip right now is 6 millimeter by 6 millimeter.

只是為了讓你感覺一下，我們現在的 9 量子位元晶片是 6 毫米 x 6 毫米。

And we certainly think we can shrink it down by a factor of 2.

我們確實認為我們可以將其縮小 2 倍。

That's fairly standard using conventional semiconductor technologies.

使用傳統半導體技術這是相當標準的。

We could even get more aggressive and reduce it further.

我們甚至可以採取更積極的措施，進一步減少這個數字。

But even with the current dimension, if you take a 1 meter by 1-meter panel, you can fit in more than 0.5 million qubits.

但即使按照目前的尺寸，如果採用 1 公尺 x 1 公尺的面板，也可以容納超過 50 萬個量子位元。

And certainly, we believe dilution refrigeration technology will advance enough for us to maintain cold temperatures across meter by meter square panel in about five years.

當然，我們相信稀釋冷凍技術將取得足夠的進步，使我們能夠在大約五年內保持每平方公尺麵板的低溫。

And so we feel pretty good that we should be able to get several hundred thousand qubits, maybe even more than 0.5 million qubits in about five years or so by using the chiplet approach.

因此，我們感到非常高興，利用小晶片方法，我們應該能夠在大約五年左右的時間內獲得數十萬個量子比特，甚至可能超過 50 萬個量子比特。

You correctly pointed out that the challenge does become packaging to some extent.

您正確地指出，挑戰在某種程度上確實變成了包裝。

So we will have to improve the way we are packaging the chips when you're doing it only for 4 or 10 or even 100, you can do manual or semi-manual methods.

因此，我們必須改進晶片的封裝方式，當您僅封裝 4 個、10 個甚至 100 個晶片時，您可以採用手動或半手動方法。

Certainly, when you're dealing with thousands and 10,000, you will need to automate that.

當然，當您處理數千和一萬個資料時，您將需要實現自動化。

But you look at the current state of advanced packaging from the semiconductor industry side, there are several advanced processes that have been developed and we will be able to leverage them and take advantage of them.

但從半導體產業的角度看，先進封裝的現狀是，已經開發出幾種先進的工藝，我們將能夠利用它們並發揮其優勢。

So putting together several hundred thousand tiles, if you will, and certainly several 10 thousand tiles is not that challenging given the state of the semiconductor industry.

因此，考慮到半導體產業的現狀，組裝數十萬塊瓷磚，甚至幾萬塊瓷磚並不是那麼困難。

So a pretty exciting road map.

這是一份非常令人興奮的路線圖。

We feel pretty good about it.

我們對此感覺很好。

That's our path to get to several hundred thousand qubit and like the utility scale quantum computer that DARPA is challenging all of us with.

這是我們達到幾十萬量子位元的途徑，就像 DARPA 向我們所有人發起挑戰的實用規模量子電腦一樣。

So hopefully, I answered most of your questions.

希望我能夠回答您的大部分問題。

Did I miss any?

我有遺漏什麼嗎？

It was very helpful, a very instructive explanation, Subodh.

這是一個非常有幫助、非常有啟發性的解釋，Subodh。

Thank you so much for that.

非常感謝。

And just one quick follow-up, more for Jeff on the P&L and cash flow side of things.

最後再簡單問 Jeff，關於損益表和現金流的問題。

In terms of the quantum computer collaboration and, I guess, the $100 million that you guys are committed to, I guess, investing from your side.

就量子電腦合作而言，我想，你們承諾投資 1 億美元。

How should we think about like the expenditures of that $100 million over five years.

我們應該如何考慮在五年內支出這 1 億美元。

Is that really like a cash investment in terms of equipment of some sort or is that just in the course of existing R&D and will it flow through OpEx or CapEx?

這是否真的像某種設備方面的現金投資，還是只是現有研發過程中的投資，並且會透過營運支出 (OpEx) 或資本支出 (CapEx) 流動？

Any details there would be helpful.

任何詳細資訊都會有幫助。

Thanks.

謝謝。

Yes.

是的。

I mean it really is a continuation of our ongoing R&D efforts.

我的意思是，這確實是我們正在進行的研發努力的延續。

So it really will flow through OpEx in the context of our R&D team and with our capital plans and so on.

因此，它實際上將在我們的研發團隊、資本計劃等的背景下流經營運支出。

So I don't think from our side, you'll really see anything too different other than the benefits that we're going to get from partnering with Quanta and taking advantage of their expertise in areas outside of QPU.

因此，我認為從我們的角度來看，除了與廣達合作並利用他們在 QPU 以外領域的專業知識所獲得的好處之外，您不會看到任何太大的不同。

Thanks.

謝謝。

And just as a follow-up, I guess, the incremental $100 million spending, would that represent a step-up to sort of annual spending or are there offsets to account for that?

作為後續問題，我猜，增加 1 億美元的支出，是否代表著年度支出的增加，或者是否有抵消措施來彌補這一不足？

No.

不。

I mean, in our side, it really is a continuation of our ongoing R&D efforts.

我的意思是，從我們這方面來說，這確實是我們正在進行的研發努力的延續。

So there really isn't any specific step-up per se at all on our side.

因此，就我們而言，實際上並沒有採取任何具體的措施。

On their side, they've committed to investing $250 million in furthering our roadmap and so on.

他們已承諾投資 2.5 億美元來推進我們的路線圖等等。

Richard Shannon, Craig-Hallum.

理查德·香農、克雷格·哈勒姆。

Great.

偉大的。

Thanks, Subodh and Jeff.

謝謝，Subodh 和 Jeff。

Let me ask a couple of questions.

讓我問幾個問題。

I guess my first one, Subodh, is following up on the prior discussion here on the roadmap for this year.

我想我的第一個發言者，Subodh，正在跟進今年路線圖的先前討論。

I specifically wanted to ask about the approach to getting to the 100-plus qubits this year.

我特別想問今年達到 100 多個量子位元的方法。

Is this using kind of the tiling approach kind of extending on the 4x9 one that you said you're trying to hit midyear or is this kind of based on more of the monolithic one, the Ankaa-3?

這是不是採用了一種平鋪方法，在您說要嘗試在年中推出的 4x9 方法的基礎上進行擴展，還是更多地基於單片方法 Ankaa-3？

Can you kind of help us understand what the scaling approach here is?

您能幫助我們理解這裡的擴充方法嗎？

Certainly, our road map is relying on tiling to hit the 4 by 9 demonstration force by the middle of this year.

當然，我們的路線圖是依靠平鋪來在今年年中達到 4x9 的示範規模。

Assuming we succeed with that, we will go, let's say, 12 by 9 to get more than 100-qubit like 108 qubits or something like that.

假設我們成功了，我們將以 12 乘以 9 來獲得超過 100 個量子位元，例如 108 個量子位元或類似的數字。

But we certainly have the option of using the monolithic approach, which is what others like IBM and Google are doing right now, and we have done all these years too.

但我們當然可以選擇使用整體方法，這也是 IBM 和 Google 等其他公司目前正在做的事情，而我們這些年來也一直在做這件事。

So we certainly have the option of bumping up the 84-qubit chip to a higher qubit count.

因此，我們當然可以選擇將 84 量子位元晶片提升到更高的量子位元數。

But we believe timing is the right way to go long term.

但我們相信，從長遠來看，時機才是正確之道。

So we are going to definitely try to get first the 4 by 9 and assuming that succeeds 12 by 9 or something like that.

因此，我們肯定會嘗試先得到 4 乘以 9，然後假設它等於 12 乘以 9，或類似的數。

Okay.

好的。

So we're just kind of a one track approach here in terms of using tiling going forward here, not has been more of kind of a demonstration or will be entirely focused on tailing going forward.

因此，就使用平鋪而言，我們在這裡只是採取一種單軌方法，而不是更多的演示，或者將完全專注於未來的尾隨。

Is that fair to think?

這樣想公平嗎？

Yes, it's fair to think.

是的，這樣想是合理的。

And the main reason for that is because we can see in our data that going to monolithic chip approach is going to be extremely difficult once you are in the several hundred qubits going to several thousand qubits.

主要原因是，我們可以從數據中看到，一旦量子位元達到幾百到數千個，採用單晶片方法就會變得極為困難。

As I mentioned in my previous answer, IBM tried a 430-qubit chip and there's a reason why they haven't deployed it, we believe, because they also ran into the same challenges that we are seeing.

正如我在之前的回答中提到的，IBM 嘗試過 430 量子位元晶片，但我們認為他們沒有部署它是有原因的，因為他們也遇到了我們所看到的相同挑戰。

And I mean, the whole CMOS industry has learned it for a decade now, right?

我的意思是，整個 CMOS 產業已經學習這一點十年了，對吧？

It's very hard to build a large single monolithic chip.

建造一個大型的單一單晶片非常困難。

So we are finding the same issues.

所以我們發現了同樣的問題。

The root causes are exactly the same, uniformity and yields and those kinds of things.

其根本原因完全相同，都是一致性、產量等等。

So given all the information we already have, we decided that tiling is the right way to leverage the chiplet approach that the CMOS industry has done such a great job and rely on that.

因此，根據我們已有的所有信息，我們認為平鋪是利用 CMOS 產業已經做得非常出色的晶片方法的正確方法，並依賴這種方法。

Once we have proven that the quantum effects can be sustained across an interposer with chiplets, then the path becomes very clear for us.

一旦我們證明量子效應可以在有晶片的中介層上持續，那麼我們的路徑就會變得非常清晰。

But it's important to keep demonstrating one at a time.

但重要的是，要一次堅持示範一個內容。

So we will demonstrate 4 by 9 first.

因此我們首先示範 4x9。

We already did the work with 2 by 9 last year and 2 by 40 a couple of years ago.

去年我們已使用 2 x 9 完成了這項工作，幾年前又使用 2 x 40 完成了這項工作。

Although at that time, the fidelities were not as good as what we are dealing with right now.

儘管那時的保真度不如我們現在處理的那麼好。

Now we are dealing with 99.5% type quit chips.

現在我們正在處理 99.5% 類型的退出晶片。

So we want to make sure that when we tie them, we don't see any deterioration in the fidelity performance.

因此，我們要確保當我們將它們連接起來時，不會看到保真度性能的任何下降。

So it's important to demonstrate the full at 99.5% by the middle of this year, assuming we succeed certainly, our roadmap will be very timing oriented.

因此，在今年年中之前實現 99.5% 的全面目標非常重要，如果我們能夠成功，我們的路線圖將非常注重時間。

Perfect.

完美的。

My second question is following up on one of the topics mentioned in the press release as well as at the end of the press release on this topic, I think, in December or January, regarding joint research with Qphox and Qblox here.

我的第二個問題是跟進新聞稿中提到的一個主題，以及新聞稿結尾關於這個主題的討論，我想是在 12 月或 1 月，關於與 Qphox 和 Qblox 的聯合研究。

Maybe if you can just kind of talk us through how this accelerates your scaling and fidelity roadmap, it would be great to hear about as well.

如果您可以向我們介紹一下這如何加速您的擴展和保真度路線圖，我們也非常樂意聽到。

So sure.

當然可以。

So it was an exciting announcement we did with Qphox and Qblox, and it gets into signal in, signal out.

這是我們與 Qphox 和 Qblox 合作發布的一個令人興奮的公告，它涉及訊號輸入和訊號輸出。

Right now, we are using coax cables to send the signals to our chip and get the signals back from our chip.

現在，我們正在使用同軸電纜將訊號發送到我們的晶片並從我們的晶片返回訊號。

And most of the industry, we believe, does that right now.

我們相信，目前大多數行業都是這樣做的。

We are all looking at but there is a reason why we want to move away from coax cables and the main reason is cost and the physical dimensions of a coax cable.

我們都在關注，但我們想要放棄同軸電纜是有原因的，主要原因是同軸電纜的成本和物理尺寸。

Right now, we are in the 100 qubit range, even 150 or 200-qubit range is not a big deal.

目前，我們處於 100 量子位元範圍，甚至 150 或 200 量子位元範圍也不是什麼大問題。

We can live with coax cables.

我們可以使用同軸電纜。

But once you go to 1,000 qubits and 10,000 qubits, the cost with coax cables will be inhibatively high.

但是一旦達到 1,000 個量子位元和 10,000 個量子位元，同軸電纜的成本就會高得令人難以忍受。

And the bigger issue is, physically, you don't have enough space in your dilution refrigerator unless you start building monster dilution refrigerators, itself be very expensive.

而更大的問題是，從物理上講，你的稀釋製冷機沒有足夠的空間，除非你開始建造巨型稀釋製冷機，但這本身就非常昂貴。

So we need to find a more practical way to get the signal in, signal out.

所以我們需要找到更實用的方法來輸入訊號、輸出訊號。

So we are looking at flex cables.

因此，我們正在研究柔性電纜。

We have a lot of IP in that area, and we'll certainly start deploying flex cables.

我們在該領域擁有大量的智慧財產權，而且我們肯定會開始部署柔性電纜。

But these are not your standard off-the-shelf flex cables because we are dealing with superconducting temperatures.

但這些不是標準的現成的柔性電纜，因為我們處理的是超導溫度。

So there's a lot of materials and process innovation that's going on in flex cables, and we are working on that.

柔性電纜領域正在進行大量的材料和製程創新，我們正在為此而努力。

Some other companies are also working in that area like IBM and Google, I believe.

我相信其他一些公司也正在該領域開展工作，例如 IBM 和 Google。

So we will first go from coax to flex.

因此，我們首先從同軸電纜轉到柔性電纜。

But beyond that, we need to think about even at like 100,000 qubits or above, even flex cables will have their share of challenges in fitting into a DR.

但除此之外，我們需要考慮的是，即使在 100,000 個量子位元或以上，即使是柔性電纜在安裝到 DR 中也會遇到挑戰。

And that's where optical signaling comes in.

這就是光訊號的用武之地。

So a lot of work has been going on with converting our microwave signal, if you will, or our RF signals into optical signals.

因此，我們一直在進行大量的工作來將微波訊號或射頻訊號轉換為光訊號。

The key part about our joint work that we published in Nature in December was using fiber optics.

我們 12 月在《自然》雜誌上發表的合作研究的關鍵部分是使用光纖。

So instead of open-air optics, now we are dealing with fiber optic signal in, signal out.

因此，我們現在不再處理露天光學，而是處理光纖訊號輸入和訊號輸出。

That makes it a lot more practical to build a system instead of just open-air optics.

這使得建造系統而不是僅僅建立露天光學系統變得更加實用。

So it's a key technology demonstration that you can use fiber optics to get the signal into a superconducting chip and get the signal out.

因此，這是一個關鍵的技術演示，您可以使用光纖將訊號傳入超導晶片並輸出訊號。

Now that that is available, we will certainly start investigating fiber optics and at what point should that come into our roadmap.

既然已經實現了，我們肯定會開始研究光纖，並確定何時將其納入我們的路線圖。

As of today, we haven't decided when to go from coax to flex to fiber optic.

截至今天，我們還沒有決定何時從同軸電纜轉向柔性電纜、再轉向光纖。

But certainly, by the time we reach several hundred thousand qubits, we believe we will need to be with fiber optic cabling.

但可以肯定的是，當我們達到數十萬個量子位元時，我們相信我們將需要使用光纖電纜。

So hopefully, that answers your question.

希望這能回答你的問題。

Yes.

是的。

That is helpful.

這很有幫助。

My last quick question here is just on the DARPA benchmarking project or opportunity here.

我的最後一個問題是關於 DARPA 基準測試專案或機會。

I think you said you expect some decision here in the not-too-distant future.

我想您說過您希望在不久的將來能做出一些決定。

Maybe you can help us understand the process for this award here?

也許您可以幫助我們了解這個獎項的評選流程？

Or is this not even the end step here?

或者這甚至不是最後一步？

And then what opportunity do you see from a revenue perspective over time if you're successful in winning part of that?

如果您成功贏得部分勝利，那麼從長期來看，您從收入角度看到什麼機會？

Yes.

是的。

So DoD's DARPA agency effectively has invited proposals from anyone, and we certainly have submitted.

因此，國防部的 DARPA 機構實際上已經邀請任何人提交提案，而我們當然已經提交了。

The goal, and you can go to the website and see a lot of the publicly disseminated information.

目標，你可以訪問該網站並看到許多公開傳播的訊息。

The goal is to build a utility scale quantum computer by 2033.

目標是到2033年建成一台實用規模的量子電腦。

And really, what it means is you can practically do anything that your classical computing can do, but much, much faster and much, much cheaper than what your classical computing can do.

實際上，這意味著你幾乎可以做任何傳統計算能夠做的事情，但比傳統計算要快得多、便宜得多。

It's really effectively a moonshot type effort.

這其實是一種登月式的努力。

So this is like the US government's official, let's build the world's best, biggest quantum computer type project, man on the moon kind of a project.

因此，這就像美國政府官員所說的，讓我們建立世界上最好、最大的量子電腦類型的項目，類似於登月項目。

We certainly have applied.

我們當然已經申請了。

I'm sure others have said that they will make a decision here soon, hopefully yet this month.

我相信其他人已經表示他們很快就會做出決定，希望是在本月。

Typically, the way DARPA projects of this kind of complexity work is they choose a handful number of companies and then they ask those companies to demonstrate the next set of milestones and then they'll pick a couple of companies, maybe one company.

通常，DARPA 這種複雜項目的工作方式是，他們選擇少數幾家公司，然後要求這些公司展示下一組里程碑，然後他們會選擇幾家公司，也許是一家公司。

Overall scope of the project is somewhere in the $300-plus million range.

該項目的整體規模約為3億多美元。

I already told you the timeline is before 2033.

我已經告訴你時間線是在2033年之前。

Our goal is to be the last company out there and build the computer.

我們的目標是成為最後一家製造計算機的公司。

So this will be the world's biggest best quantum computer to be delivered to DARPA by 2033.

因此，這將是 2033 年交付給 DARPA 的世界上最大的量子電腦。

But there are various hurdles to go through.

但仍有許多障礙需要克服。

We certainly believe our technology is in a very good shape to make a compelling case, particularly with the superconducting gate-based modality, as I said, in our view, and based on all the announcements you are hearing from other companies too, it becomes pretty amply evident to everyone, I believe that the most likely modality to win is superconducting gate-based modality.

我們確實相信我們的技術非常完善，可以令人信服，特別是基於超導門的模式，正如我所說，在我們看來，並且根據您從其他公司聽到的所有公告，每個人都可以充分地看出，我相信最有可能獲勝的模式是基於超導門的模式。

Within that, with our open modular approach, the chiplet IP that we have, we believe we are fairly well positioned to try to win the DARPA project.

在此基礎上，憑藉我們開放的模組化方法和我們擁有的晶片 IP，我們相信我們已經準備好贏得 DARPA 項目。

So we certainly are excited to be participating in it.

因此我們非常高興能夠參與其中。

We look forward to their selections, and we'll continue to work on our technology program.

我們期待他們的選擇，並將繼續致力於我們的技術項目。

Having said that, we will continue to work on our technology milestones.

話雖如此，我們將繼續致力於實現我們的技術里程碑。

I mean, DARPA is a huge opportunity and lots of money associated with it.

我的意思是，DARPA 是一個巨大的機會並且伴隨著大量的資金。

But there's a bigger market out there.

但外面還有更大的市場。

I mean we have already said that the market is, we believe, like a couple of billion dollars five years from now for all these national labs and universities.

我的意思是我們已經說過，我們相信，對於所有這些國家實驗室和大學來說，五年後市場規模將達到數十億美元。

And we believe the market is going to be like $100-plus billion in about 15 years from now.

我們相信，15 年後市場規模將超過 1,000 億美元。

So certainly an exciting opportunity.

因此這無疑是一個令人興奮的機會。

So as important as the DARPA project is, and we certainly want to be winning that one because that clearly demonstrates technology leadership.

因此，DARPA 項目非常重要，我們當然希望贏得這個項目，因為這清楚地表明了我們的技術領先地位。

The bigger potential, of course, is the commercial world and $100-plus billion opportunity that we'll continue to look at.

當然，更大的潛力在於商業世界和超過 1000 億美元的機會，我們將繼續關注。

So again, I hope I answered your question there.

因此，我再次希望我能夠回答您的問題。

Brian Kinstlinger, Alliance Global Partners.

聯盟全球合作夥伴 (Alliance Global Partners) 的 Brian Kinstlinger。

First, you mentioned your plan to scale through tiling right now.

首先，您提到了現在透過平鋪來擴展的計劃。

Given the challenges that all the superconducting OEMs have, is their approach scaling also through tiling?

考慮到所有超導 OEM 面臨的挑戰，他們的方法是否也可以透過平鋪來擴展？

Are they trying to figure it out?

他們正在試圖弄清楚嗎？

Where are they with tiling compared to you?

和你相比，他們的瓷磚鋪設水平怎麼樣？

So certainly, we are relying on tiling.

所以當然我們依賴平鋪。

I believe IBM has made some statements suggesting that they are also considering tiling.

我相信 IBM 已經發表過一些聲明，表明他們也在考慮平鋪。

The exact dimensions will be different.

具體尺寸將會有所不同。

But I believe they have discussed tiling openly.

但我相信他們已經公開討論過鋪瓷磚的問題。

We are not quite sure of Google and what exactly their plan is at this point.

目前我們還不太清楚谷歌的情況以及他們的具體計劃。

They did indicate in their paper when they published the results that they have some share of challenges to go up from where they are.

他們在發表研究結果時確實在論文中指出，他們面臨一些挑戰。

They are using what we call perimeter wiring right now.

他們現在正在使用我們所謂的周邊佈線。

So all of their circuit is basically designed in 2D and to increase the qubit count, they have to keep increasing the perimeter, if you will, of the chip, which you can do up to a certain point, but not beyond that.

因此，他們的所有電路基本上都是以二維設計的，為了增加量子位元數，他們必須不斷增加晶片的周長，這可以達到某個點，但不能超過這個點。

So we believe Google will first move to 3D, which is what we and IBM are doing right now.

因此我們相信谷歌將首先轉向 3D，這正是我們和 IBM 目前正在做的事情。

And beyond that, they will probably consider tiling too, but we are not quite sure because they haven't disclosed all their details.

除此之外，他們可能還會考慮使用磁磚，但我們不太確定，因為他們尚未透露所有細節。

But certainly, we are on tiling.

但可以肯定的是，我們正在鋪設瓷磚。

IBM is considering tiling.

IBM 正在考慮平鋪。

And frankly, we view the three of us as the leaders in this space.

坦白說，我們認為我們三人是這個領域的領導者。

We are not quite sure of what the Chinese Academy of Sciences is considering.

我們不太清楚中國科學院正在考慮什麼。

It's very hard to get information from there.

從那裡獲取資訊非常困難。

And regarding the rest of the superconducting, I mean, even though they are large tech companies like Amazon and Microsoft and many other smaller companies.

至於超導的其餘部分，我的意思是，即使它們是像亞馬遜和微軟這樣的大型科技公司以及許多其他小公司。

I mean, Amazon's most recent announcement, they were still talking 8 qubits and same with Microsoft.

我的意思是，亞馬遜最近的公告中，他們仍在談論 8 個量子比特，微軟也是如此。

So even though they are much larger companies than we are in terms of quantum computing, I believe they have some serious work ahead of themselves to get to the 100-qubit type level that we, IBM and Google, are at right now.

因此，儘管在量子運算方面，他們的公司比我們大得多，但我相信，他們還有很多工作要做，才能達到我們 IBM 和谷歌目前所處的 100 量子位元水平。

So we certainly view ourselves along with IBM and Google in the leadership position and how we go about solving this scaling a problem, I'm sure the other companies will be looking at us.

因此，我們當然認為自己與 IBM 和 Google 處於領導地位，至於我們如何解決這個擴展問題，我相信其他公司也會關注我們。

Great.

偉大的。

My follow-up kind of leads into the next one.

我的後續行動將會引出下一個問題。

With your open source architecture, what does Amazon's announcement about faster and more cost-efficient error correction mean for Rigetti versus the rest of the superconducting quantum OEMs?

憑藉開源架構，亞馬遜宣布更快、更具成本效益的糾錯對於 Rigetti 與其他超導量子 OEM 相比意味著什麼？

And then my second question is, as organizations like DARPA, DoD and others evaluate you, do they communicate being more excited about an open source flexible architecture?

我的第二個問題是，當 DARPA、DoD 等組織對您進行評估時，他們是否表示對開源靈活架構更為興奮？

Or does that not yet come up in the discussion?

或者說這個問題還沒有在討論中提出來？

It absolutely comes up in discussions when we talk to national labs, not just DARPA, but DOE and other government national labs too.

當我們與國家實驗室交談時，這個問題絕對會出現在討論中，不僅僅是 DARPA，還有 DOE 和其他政府國家實驗室。

The fact that our architecture is open and modular in nature is a significant plus in our favor because fundamentally, it allows creative innovative solutions from other third parties to be incorporated relatively easily.

我們的架構本質上是開放和模組化的，這對我們而言是一個顯著的優勢，因為從根本上來說，它允許相對容易地納入來自其他第三方的創意創新解決方案。

I mean, IBM and Google, obviously, are doing a great job of building a quantum computer right now along with us.

我的意思是，IBM 和 Google 顯然正在與我們一起出色地建立量子電腦。

But this is a more mainframe-like approach right now.

但目前這是一種更像大型主機的方法。

And again, we don't know what the Chinese Academy of Sciences is doing, but I suspect it's a mainframe-like approach too.

再說一次，我們不知道中國科學院在做什麼，但我懷疑這也是類似大型主機的方法。

And that's great because you control all aspects of the full stack.

這非常棒，因為您可以控制整個堆疊的所有方面。

But it's very hard to integrate an innovative creative solution in that kind of an approach, whereas with our open modular, we can relatively easily do that.

但是在這種方法中整合創新的創意解決方案非常困難，而透過我們的開放模組，我們可以相對輕鬆地做到這一點。

So specifically, I mean, River Lane in Cambridge UK is a company that developed some really good error correction software, and we started integrating that in our systems last year.

具體來說，英國劍橋的 River Lane 公司開發了一些非常好的糾錯軟體，我們去年開始將其整合到我們的系統中。

And that's how we showed real-time low-latency error correction, which was a very important milestone in the industry.

這就是我們展示即時低延遲糾錯的方式，這是業界一個非常重要的里程碑。

And this new announcement by Amazon though, even though the chip is being built by Amazon itself, the 8-qubit chip, I mean the real value in their paper is the error correction software.

然而，亞馬遜發布的這項新公告，儘管該晶片是亞馬遜自己開發的，即 8 量子位元晶片，但其論文中真正的價值在於糾錯軟體。

And certainly, we will be open to looking at integrating that error correction software if they choose to decouple it from their chip.

當然，如果他們選擇將糾錯軟體與晶片分離，我們願意考慮整合該軟體。

And I suspect they may be incentivized to look at other 100-qubit type high-performing chips.

我懷疑他們可能會受到激勵去研究其他 100 量子位元類型的高性能晶片。

So it certainly opens up the avenue where we can integrate creative innovative solutions from third parties quickly into our stack.

因此，它無疑為我們開闢了一條途徑，讓我們能夠將第三方的創新創意解決方案快速整合到我們的堆疊中。

My last question, it's a really quick one.

我的最後一個問題，是一個非常簡單的問題。

I just want to make sure I have the numbers right.

我只是想確保數字正確。

If you get to 100 qubits at 2x better error rates, help me do the math, what is 2x better?

如果您以 2 倍更好的錯誤率獲得 100 個量子比特，請幫我算一下，2 倍更好是什麼？

Is that 99.75%?

那是 99.75% 嗎？

What is that actual fidelity rate that is 2x better?

實際保真度提高 2 倍是多少？

So the reason we said 2x and not the exact number is because we have started using 2 numbers now in our fidelity, right?

所以我們說 2x 而不是確切數字的原因是因為我們現在已經開始在保真度中使用 2 個數字了，對嗎？

Confusing.

令人困惑。

Yes, exactly.

是的，確實如此。

So we use 99.0% with what's called an iSWAP or a CZ kind of gate that gets really geeky at this level, different kind of gates.

因此，我們使用 99.0% 的 iSWAP 或 CZ 類型的門，這種門在這個級別上變得非常奇怪，是不同類型的門。

And then there's a unique gate that we call SSIM gate where we get 99.5% today.

然後有一個獨特的門，我們稱之為 SSIM 門，今天我們可以得到 99.5%。

That's what we have today.

這就是我們今天所擁有的。

So when you have multiple gates, you are monitoring fidelity now.

因此，當您擁有多個門時，您現在正在監控保真度。

That's why we decided to start using the phrase 2x reduction in error rates across both of them.

這就是為什麼我們決定在兩者中開始使用短語「錯誤率降低 2 倍」。

So the 99% will go to 99.5% and the 99.5% will go to 99.75%.

因此 99% 將變為 99.5%，而 99.5% 將變為 99.75%。

David Williams, The Benchmark Company.

大衛威廉斯 (David Williams)，The Benchmark Company。

I'm jumping on late here, so excuse me if this has already been asked.

我來晚了，如果這個問題已經被問過了，我很抱歉。

But So, you talked about in the past your architectural and your IP differentiation, and you talked about maybe Google and some of the others where you really can differentiate yourself from an IP perspective.

但是，所以，您過去談到了您的架構和 IP 差異化，並且您談到了也許谷歌和其他一些公司，您真的可以從 IP 角度使自己與眾不同。

Can you talk a little bit about what that means relative to maybe some of your competitors, what you have a real advantage?

您能否稍微談談這意味著什麼，相對於您的一些競爭對手，您真正的優勢是什麼？

So within the superconducting gate-based quantum computing companies, certainly, we monitor IBM, Google very closely and we cannot really monitor the Chinese Academy of Sciences that closely.

因此，在基於超導門的量子運算公司中，我們當然會密切監視 IBM、谷歌，但我們無法如此密切地監視中國科學院。

And as I mentioned in an earlier question, even though Amazon, Microsoft play in this general space, they are at fairly low qubit count right now, like 800.

正如我在之前的問題中提到的，儘管亞馬遜、微軟都在這個領域有所動作，但它們目前的量子位元數還相當低，只有 800 個。

And the rest of the start-ups or smaller companies in superconducting gate based are quite a distance behind us right now.

而目前，超導門領域的其他新創公司或小型公司都遠遠落後於我們。

So the two companies we basically look at very closely from what exactly they're doing are IBM and Google, and I'm sure they are monitoring us too.

因此，我們密切關注的兩家公司是 IBM 和 Google，他們具體在做什麼，我相信他們也在監視我們。

And IP becomes a very critical part.

而IP就成為非常關鍵的部分。

We have close to 230 patents right now.

我們目前擁有近230項專利。

That is a core value of the company.

這是公司的核心價值。

So how do we differentiate from IBM and Google?

那我們要如何與 IBM 和 Google 區分開來呢？

The main thing is our architecture.

最重要的是我們的建築。

We just talked about it.

我們剛剛討論過這件事。

We have an open modular stack approach versus they have more like a mainframe approach.

我們採用開放的模組化堆疊方法，而他們則更像大型主機方法。

The other area where we are and we believe the open modular approach is better in the long term because it allows us to integrate creative, innovative third-party solutions much more easily.

我們所處的另一個領域是，我們相信開放式模組化方法從長遠來看更好，因為它使我們能夠更輕鬆地整合富有創意的、創新的第三方解決方案。

That's why we continue to invest in that approach.

這就是我們繼續投資該方法的原因。

The other area where we have a clear differentiation from them right now is the whole chiplet area.

目前我們與他們有明顯區別的另一個領域是整個小晶片領域。

Our plan is that we have already demonstrated chiplets and quantum computing once with 40 qubits last year with 9 qubits.

我們的計劃是，去年我們已經用 9 個量子位元示範了一次 40 個量子位元的晶片和量子運算。

Our plan is to scale up multiple chiplets effectively or tiles to get to 36 qubits first and then more than 100 qubits by the end of this year and then take that approach to continue scaling up from there.

我們的計劃是有效地擴展多個晶片或區塊，首先達到 36 個量子比特，然後在今年年底前達到 100 多個量子比特，然後採用這種方法繼續擴展。

We believe IBM will do something similar based on some of the statements they have made.

根據 IBM 所發表的一些聲明，我們相信 IBM 也會採取類似行動。

Google hasn't made their plans very clear as to how they plan to scale up to 1,000 and several thousand qubits.

至於如何將量子位元擴展到 1,000 個甚至數千個，Google尚未明確說明。

So we will look at that.

因此我們將對此進行研究。

And then there are some other gets into more details of how we design the chip and fabricate the chip and the rest of the stack and the differentiation that comes in.

然後還有一些其他的更詳細的內容，關於我們如何設計晶片、製造晶片和其餘的堆疊以及由此產生的差異化。

We have talked in the past about a proprietary annealing process called ABAA, where we are doing DC pulses effectively through the entire area of the qubit.

我們過去曾討論過一種名為 ABAA 的專有退火工藝，我們透過該工藝在量子位的整個區域有效地進行直流脈衝。

We believe our competition is doing laser annealing type approaches.

我們相信我們的競爭對手正在採用雷射退火類型的方法。

We believe the ADA annealing is a lot faster, easier to scale up compared to and it's actually more uniform and controls the frequency targeting a lot more precisely than the annealing approaches.

我們相信，與退火方法相比，ADA 退火速度更快、更容易擴大規模，而且實際上更均勻，能夠比退火方法更精確地控制頻率目標。

And then there are some we touched earlier on flex cables and that kind of stuff.

然後我們之前提到了一些關於柔性電纜和類似的東西。

So there are probably 10 other things that how we differentiate ourselves from them really gets into the details and the patents and how we file the patents and the scopes that they cover and so on.

因此，我們與他們的差異可能還在於其他 10 件事，這些實際上涉及細節和專利，以及我們如何申請專利以及它們涵蓋的範圍等等。

But hopefully, that gives you a feel for how we are differentiating.

但希望這能讓您感受到我們的差異化。

The main differentiators are our open modular architecture, chiplet approach, and a few other things like annealing.

主要的區別在於我們的開放式模組化架構、小晶片方法以及退火等一些其他技術。

Great.

偉大的。

Very helpful.

非常有幫助。

And then maybe just as a follow-up.

然後可能只是作為後續行動。

Do you think that your IP is compelling enough that over time, others will need to develop around your IP?

您是否認為您的 IP 足夠引人注目，以至於隨著時間的推移，其他人將需要圍繞您的 IP 進行開發？

Or how do you think about maybe consolidation just given your rich patent portfolio and what that would mean for some of the others?

或者，考慮到您豐富的專利組合，您如何看待合併，以及這對其他一些專利組合意味著什麼？

I mean that's the whole goal of patents, right?

我的意思是這就是專利的全部目標，對嗎？

I mean when you come up with creative, innovative ideas, you file patents and you try to get as broad a coverage as possible.

我的意思是，當你有創造性的、創新的想法時，你會申請專利，並嘗試獲得盡可能廣泛的覆蓋範圍。

So when others try to essentially copy that idea, they are forced to either find a completely different route, making it inefficient or have to seek a license from here.

因此，當其他人試圖複製該想法時，他們要么被迫尋找一條完全不同的路線，使其效率低下，要么必須從這裡尋求許可。

I think it's still too early, David, to know all the answers.

大衛，我認為現在知道所有答案還為時過早。

I mean, clearly, IBM and Google are gigantic companies and they have their own patent portfolios.

我的意思是，顯然，IBM 和 Google 都是巨頭公司，他們擁有自己的專利組合。

Usually, in cases like this, most of us in the R&D field who have dealt with these kinds of complex patent portfolios, we find ways to collaborate and cross-license in critical areas.

通常，在這種情況下，我們大多數從事研發的人都處理過這類複雜的專利組合，我們會找到在關鍵領域進行合作和交叉授權的方法。

Sometimes it can be licensing terms and we want to make sure the ecosystem is healthy and stays healthy and everyone gets fairly compensated for the work they have done.

有時它可能是許可條款，我們希望確保生態系統健康並保持健康，並且每個人都能為其所做的工作獲得公平的補償。

So at this point, where we are clearly in R&D, the goal is to get the technical milestones demonstrated, get patent portfolio established.

因此，目前我們處於研發階段，目標是展示技術里程碑，建立專利組合。

Over time, we'll see how the licensing and cross-licensing scenarios evolve.

隨著時間的推移，我們將看到許可和交叉許可場景如何發展。

Perfect.

完美的。

And then just one last one, if I may.

如果可以的話，我再問最後一個問題。

Just on the customer demand for QPUs.

僅針對客戶對 QPU 的需求。

Could you talk a little bit about how that demand is and how you think that maybe trends through this year?

您能否稍微談談需求狀況以及您認為今年的趨勢如何？

Yes.

是的。

Certainly, we see excitement growing about quantum computing.

當然，我們看到人們對量子運算的興趣日益高漲。

People are beginning to it's no longer a question of if, it's a question of when.

人們開始意識到這不再是一個是否的問題，而是一個何時的問題。

Everyone seems to understand that when we talk to them.

當我們與他們交談時，每個人似乎都明白這一點。

But clearly, it's still in R&D stages.

但顯然，它仍處於研發階段。

Unlike some other companies, we believe we are still four to five years from commercial applications of quantum computing in a meaningful way.

與其他一些公司不同，我們認為距離量子運算的真正商業應用還需要四到五年的時間。

I know there are some companies who claim they have a quantum advantage or near quantum advantage now, but those are for very select niche kind of applications.

我知道有些公司聲稱他們現在擁有量子優勢或接近量子優勢，但那些只是針對非常特定的利基應用。

There's a lot of overhyping, underhyping going on in quantum computing right now.

目前，量子計算領域存在著許多誇大其詞和低估的情況。

So our view is that we are still very much in R&D.

因此，我們的觀點是，我們仍然處於研發階段。

We need to get to like close several hundred qubits or 1,000 qubits, 99.7% or 99.8%, less than 30-nanosecond gate speed and real-time error correction before we can start showing quantum computers to data center managers and demonstrating ROI.

我們需要達到接近幾百個量子位元或 1,000 個量子位元、99.7% 或 99.8%、小於 30 奈秒的閘速和即時糾錯，然後才能開始向資料中心管理人員展示量子電腦並展示投資報酬率。

And we think that's at least four or five years from now.

我們認為這至少還要等四、五年。

And that's more or less consistent from a timing standpoint with what you hear from IBM and Google, too.

從時間角度來看，這與您從 IBM 和 Google 聽到的消息大致一致。

So I don't think we are that different than IBM or Google right now in that sense from a timing standpoint.

因此，從時間角度來看，我認為我們與 IBM 或 Google 並沒有什麼不同。

So our view is all the customer demand, if you will, as you called it, is mostly from academicians and research people, mostly to understand the fundamentals of quantum computing.

因此，我們的觀點是，所有客戶需求，如果你願意的話，正如你所說，主要來自院士和研究人員，主要是為了了解量子計算的基礎知識。

And that's why the numbers are going to be relatively small.

這就是為什麼數字會相對較小。

Yes, sales matter, and we want to continue to grow, but our focus is clearly on R&D milestones right now and making sure the technology is perfected before we worry too much about customer demand and uptick in sales.

是的，銷售很重要，我們希望繼續發展，但我們現在的重點顯然是研發里程碑，並確保技術完善，然後再過度擔心客戶需求和銷售成長。

Craig Ellis, B. Riley.

克雷格·艾利斯、B.萊利。

It's really just a clarification on some of the things that were part of the fourth quarter's announcements.

這實際上只是對第四季度公告中的一些內容的澄清。

And I suspect it's mostly for Jeff.

我懷疑這主要是為了傑夫。

Regarding the two QPUs that were sold, one to the US academic institution and the other to the UK, did those both fully rev rec in the quarter?

至於出售的兩台 QPU，一台賣給了美國學術機構，另一台賣給了英國，這兩台 QPU 在本季是否都實現了全額營收？

And then, Jeff, I think you said there was still part of a UK system sale that existed in fourth quarter sales.

然後，傑夫，我想你說過在第四季度的銷售中仍然存在部分英國系統銷售。

Where are we in fully revrecking that system?

我們處於怎樣的階段才能徹底摧毀這個系統？

Does it trail into 2025?

它會延續到 2025 年嗎？

And if so, to what extent?

如果是的話，程度如何？

Sure.

當然。

The two Noveras did fully revreck in Q4.

兩輛 Novera 轎車在第四季確實徹底崩潰了。

And then regarding the kind of the larger ongoing sale to NQCC, that revenue has been taken over time, and it will be largely complete in the first quarter, maybe a little bit moving into the second quarter, but don't really expect anything from that in the latter part of the year.

然後關於對 NQCC 的更大規模的持續銷售，這筆收入是隨著時間的推移而產生的，它將在第一季度基本完成，也許會拖到第二季度一點點，但在今年下半年真的不要指望會有什麼結果。

Thank you.

謝謝。

I would now like to turn the conference back to Subodh for closing remarks.

現在，我想請 Subodh 致閉幕詞。

Sir?

先生？

Thank you for your interest and questions.

感謝您的關注與提問。

We look forward to updating you with our progress at the end of Q1.

我們期待在第一季末向您通報我們的進展。

Thanks again.

再次感謝。

This concludes today's conference call.

今天的電話會議到此結束。

Thank you for participating.

感謝您的參與。

You may now disconnect.

您現在可以斷開連線。