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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Douglas Dynamics third-quarter 2014 earnings results conference call. (Operator Instructions). As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.
I would now like to introduce your host for today's program, Bob McCormick, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Sir, you may go ahead.
Bob McCormick - EVP, CFO
Thank you. Welcome, everyone, and thank you for joining us on the call today.
Two quick items as we began. First, please note that some of the information that you will hear during this call will consist of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements express our expectations, anticipations, beliefs, estimates, intentions, plans, and forecasts. Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, our actual results could differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.
For more information regarding such risks and uncertainties, please see the sections titled risk factors, forward-looking statements, and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the updates to these sections in our subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
Lastly, this call will involve a discussion of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted earnings per share, all non-GAAP financial measures, which under SEC Regulation G we are required to reconcile with GAAP. The reconciliation of these measures to the closest GAAP financial measure is included in today's earnings press release, which is available at douglasdynamics.com.
Joining me on the call this morning is Jim Janik, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. With these formalities out of the way, I would like to turn the call over to Jim.
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Good morning and thank you for joining us on today's call to discuss our third-quarter 2014 performance.
I'm going to begin by providing an overview of our performance for the quarter and current trends, and then Bob will provide a detailed review of our financial results. Finally, I will return to provide our outlook and additional insight on the remainder of the year.
During the third quarter, we achieved record quarterly financial results that exceeded our expectations. Overall, net sales increased 52% year over year, partly driven by a 46.5% quarterly increase in equipment unit sales and a 106.4% quarterly increase in parts and accessories compared to the third quarter of 2013. This growth and record quarterly results reflect a favorable market environment, strength across our portfolio, and operational efficiencies from our ongoing continuous-improvement initiatives.
As discussed last quarter, we were anticipating a robust preseason order period compared to the same period last year. The above-average snowfall levels and frequency of plowable events across core markets during the past winter season created a very favorable market environment for the preseason order period. Dealer restocking appetite for new equipment was higher, in stark contrast to the cautious approach dealers utilized in 2013.
In combination with strong preseason order period shipments, there was early and significant retail reorder activity in August and September. Historically, August and September reorder activity are light as dealers wait until the beginning of the winter retail season to assess their additional needs following the preseason. This year, early dealer retail activity is more robust than is typical.
Along with stout reorder activity, other non-snowfall indicators within our business are also trending positive. Sales of select pickup trucks continue to be strong and are up 7% year over year. Long-term trends indicate a positive correlation between truck sales and plow sales. Additionally, dealer inventories remain in a very manageable shape.
Aside from the favorable market environment, we achieved record profitability during the quarter, driven by our continued focus on optimizing our operational effectiveness. We continue to relentlessly pursue new and innovative ways to improve the productivity of our business and those that we acquire through our own Douglas Dynamics Management System, which we refer to internally as DDMS. Through DDMS, we train our employees to continually enhance processes and improve productivity of our own business and those of our business partners. Our employees understand the importance of continuous improvement and are leading the charge in implementing efforts to improve our profitability and potential for future growth.
Our focus on DDMS has been a focal point across our organization and has us well positioned for continued growth and profitability, providing long-term value to our shareholders. Our lean-centric focus across the business has led to industry-leading in-season lead times and unparalleled shipping performance and manufacturing flexibility.
We are also applying these same principles to businesses we acquire, such as the acquisition of TrynEx last year.
Finally, I want to briefly touch on our capital allocation strategy. Our dividend remains a principal component of our capital allocation strategy as we continue to generate significant cash flows. We view our cash generation and commitment to paying dividends as a distinguishing characteristic compared to other companies of our size.
As a reminder, we paid our regular cash quarterly dividend of $0.2175 per share on our common stock during the third quarter in September 30 of 2014.
Aside from enhancing shareholder value through returning cash through our long-term dividend plan, we are committed to generating excess cash to reduce the Company's debt and continuously pursuing strategic acquisitions in logical core markets and adjacencies at disciplined values when and where the opportunities arise.
With that, I'm going to turn the call back over to Bob to discuss the specifics on our financial results, and then I will conclude with comments on our business and outlook for the remainder of the year. Bob?
Bob McCormick - EVP, CFO
Thanks, Jim. As Jim mentioned, we achieved record quarterly results which exceeded our expectations. For the third-quarter 2014, Douglas Dynamics generated sales of $78.8 million compared to $52 million in 2013. Unit shipments for the third quarter increased by 46.5% and parts and accessories sales increased 106.4% compared to the prior year.
This performance was driven by both strong preseason orders and robust reorders in the latter part of the third quarter compared to historical levels.
Cost of sales was $49.7 million or 63.1% of sales for the third quarter, compared to $37 million or 71.1% of sales in the third quarter of 2013.
The year-over-year decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by two factors. First, in the comparable period in 2013, cost of sales included certain non-cash purchase accounting adjustments associated with the TrynEx acquisition. Second, operating leverage decreased the cost of sales, along with our ongoing drive to improve efficiency and productivity through DDMS.
SG&A was $9 million for the quarter, compared to prior-year SG&A of $10.7 million. The decrease was due to $3.8 million in earnout compensation expenses recorded to third-quarter 2013 in conjunction with the acquisition of TrynEx. This was slightly offset by an increase in short-term incentive plan expenses.
Third-quarter 2014 adjusted EBITDA was $22.2 million, compared to prior-year adjusted EBITDA of $10.2 million. Net income in the third quarter of 2014 was $10.8 million, compared to prior-year net income of $0.6 million. Earnings per share were $0.47 per diluted share during the quarter, compared to just $0.02 per diluted share in the third quarter of 2013.
As discussed earlier when talking to the changes in cost of goods sold and SG&A, non-cash purchase accounting adjustments totaled $4.4 million from the TrynEx acquisition in third-quarter 2013, namely inventory adjustments and earnout compensation expenses. These two items negatively impacted net income and earnings per share in the same period last year.
During the first nine months of 2014, we reported net cash used by operating activities of $18.1 million, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $26.7 million in the same period last year. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was primarily due to an increase in net income of $23.8 million, slightly offset by an increase in working capital totaling $13 million.
Cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of Q3 totaled $4.3 million. The unused borrowing capacity on the ABL revolver is $46.5 million. With total liquidity of $50.8 million, we are well positioned to fund upcoming quarterly cash dividends.
Accounts Receivable at the end of the third quarter of 2014 were $96.6 million, an increase of $25.3 million compared to third-quarter 2013.
With that, I will turn the call back over to Jim for some concluding remarks. Jim.
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Thanks, Bob.
To close, I'd like to share our view of current market conditions and as well as what we are expecting for the remaining portion of 2014.
As we enter into the last two months of the year, the non-snowfall market indicators that provide directional guidance to the strength of the business are all continuing to trend positively, which includes continued strength in light truck sales and positive overall dealer sentiment.
Furthermore, last winter's season sustained and significant snowfall levels experienced last winter season have provided a favorable marketing environment.
Collectively, these positive market indicators signal the release of pent-up demand and mean we are in a position to increase our outlook for the year. We now expect net sales for fiscal 2014 to range from $265 million to $295 million and adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $70 million to $82 million. Earnings per share are expected to range from $1.40 per share to $1.75 per share.
It is important to note the Company's outlook assumes that the economy will remain stable and the Company's core markets will experience average snowfall levels.
In conclusion, we are excited as we look at the start of the winter retail season. A favorable market environment, coupled with our relentless focus on leveraging our Douglas Dynamics Management System principles to drive efficiency and profitability across the business, position us well for long-term profitable growth. Assuming we see an average amount of snowfall before the end of the year, we expect to produce record results in 2014.
At this time, we will now open the call for your questions. Operator?
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Josh Chan, Baird.
Josh Chan - Analyst
You spoke about the increased reorder activity in August and September, which was unusual, and I was wondering if you could give some thoughts in terms of what drove that. Was it strong retail demand out of season? Were there any promotional activity that drove that reorder? That would be great.
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Sure. I think the strong retail activity is the result of, very simply, increased retail demand early in the season. Typically, there is some retail demand prior to the fourth quarter, but this year it seems to be quite a bit stronger and therefore we see many of our dealers reordering more frequently and larger quantities in that third-quarter period.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay. Would there be any risk, by any chance, of some sort of pull forward in demand since some of these dealers have already ordered a larger-than-usual amount or do you think that's relatively low risk at this point?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
I think that's relatively low risk. For our business, as long as the weather conditions remain favorable, that's relatively unlikely.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay. Just in terms of this year potentially being a record year in terms of revenue and earnings, how are you thinking about cash flow conversion? Is it reasonable to expect this to be a very robust year as well?
Bob McCormick - EVP, CFO
Certainly, as the tide rises on the income level, so does cash as well. But as Jim stated earlier, our excess cash deployment strategies really remain fairly consistent with what they have been in prior years, Josh, and that is to make sure that we maintain the robust dividend we have, look to pay down some debt, and also have some money set aside for some strategic acquisitions, should they come along.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay. Last question from me, I think select parts of the country have already experienced snowfall activity and I know it's a early read, but is there anything notable in terms of behaviors from dealers in those regions that you can speak to at this point?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
It's really too early to tell. Most of the snow that occurred occurred late last week and it's been in mostly New England. We would expect more of a psychological pop versus the actual reorder at the period of time. Early snow anywhere in the country is terrific for our business, and this is -- this would be consistent with that.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay, great. Congrats on the results.
Operator
Robert Kosowsky, Sidoti.
Robert Kosowsky - Analyst
I was wondering if you can give us an update on what you thought dealer inventory or where you think dealer inventory is right now? Do you think it is pretty flush going into the season?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Sure. We take a dealer inventory four times a year. The last two are the end of September and the end of October. October's inventory isn't completed yet. They are still running the numbers.
September indicated that dealer inventory was about even with the five-year average for this period, which means they are exactly where you want them to be, and, again, they are not overstocked and they are not understocked. I think our dealers are in a perfect position to take advantage for any pent-up demand that might be coming forward.
Robert Kosowsky - Analyst
That's helpful. And then one other thing, could you just give us some other color on some of the operational improvements that you did, and maybe just some examples of where lead times have come in and what your capacity for more improvement is?
Bob McCormick - EVP, CFO
I think, Rob, this goes back to the DDMS comments that we made. We have been on this journey for a decade plus at this point, and, as Jim said earlier, really focused on improving in-season lead times and service levels.
All you have to do is go back and take a look at last winter's lead times when the heavy snow hit and you will find that Douglas was clearly the industry leader in that regard.
I can't give you specifics as to what happens because basically it is a continuous-improvement process that never stands still. We are at a point in our core business where some of the improvements are smaller in nature, but more frequent, and in the TrynEx business, for example, some of the improvements are much more significant as they begin their journey.
The good news is we know that it results in better service to our customers, higher quality product. We know that it results in profit improvement for us and is certainly something that we can take that business model to future acquisitions as well.
Robert Kosowsky - Analyst
That's good. And then one final thing, which you probably won't have a comment on, but any views on BOSS and Toro with that acquisition or just any thoughts on that?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Sure, I can make a few comments. First of all, BOSS has been a respected competitor of ours in the snow and ice space and we expect the healthy competition to continue.
The deal was just announced, so as the integration unfolds, we'll probably have a clearer understanding of what the impact is.
But I will say the recent announcement doesn't significantly impact our approach going forward. We are going to continue to focus on executing on our strategy, drive profitability, and overall I think we are really confident we are well positioned to drive long-term growth to the business.
So, those are the only comments I can make at this point is it's -- for us at this point, it is business as usual.
Robert Kosowsky - Analyst
Okay, thank you very much and good luck.
Operator
Jim Giannakouros, Oppenheimer.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Good morning, guys, and congratulations on the year you're having.
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Thank you.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Just a follow-up, if I can ask it a little differently, or a more pointed question on the recent acquisition of the number two player in your industry. The way I thought about it was that maybe there were implications for, I guess, either your footprint or for the industry, whether it be they expand their -- where exactly BOSS product is maybe going to be competing against yours or just expanding distribution. Is there anything that you can speak to as far as implications for the distribution channel specifically?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
You know, that's really all part of the integration, and until they roll that out -- there is certainly a number of different directions they can go, and until they roll that out, at this point it would be complete conjecture, which is of no value to me.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Fair, fair, okay. As far as orders go, the checks that I have made indicate that October was relatively strong. Can you talk about how October shaped up relative to the historical October experience, which in my impression is that it's a relatively quiet time as the incremental buyer typically comes off the sidelines when snow starts falling in November and December?
Bob McCormick - EVP, CFO
Jim, excellent question. We would suggest that the early momentum we saw late in the third quarter has carried over throughout the month of October, which is very encouraging, indicative of the pent-up demand release Jim mentioned earlier.
Any time you get heightened reorder activities before the first snow really starts to fall is a positive signal for us. So the first half of the fourth quarter, that non-snowfall portion of the quarter, looks positive. Obviously, the second half of the fourth quarter will be dictated by Mother Nature.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Understood, thank you.
Operator
Jason Ursaner, CJS Securities.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Great quarter, guys. I just want to follow up on a few of the questions from earlier in the call. The dealer inventory levels, can you maybe break down when you look at the overall preseason how much of that would've gone into restocking dealers back to similar inventory levels to last year, because those had gotten down pretty low to end the year, the snow season, and then how much of that would be excess that's gone into expanding the inventory (multiple speakers)
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Jason, I don't know that I can go to that level of granularity. That's probably a great question. I just don't know how to answer that.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Okay. In the latest reading that you took, though, or maybe just anecdotally, how much higher would you say inventory bases are to start the year, compared maybe to the levels prerecession when dealers had been willing to carry a lot more inventory? Does it feel more like that environment at all?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Sure, yes. I think what you're going to see is not a lot of change year over year. One of the things within our industry is the dealers are particularly good at really self leveling their inventory to the amount of demand that is out in the marketplace. So the comparisons from prerecession to recession to today, you're going to find, are not very different during those four different checks of the year.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Okay.
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
They will change, but if at any -- from year to year if they change double digit, that's very unusual.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Okay. Given there have been some on-time delivery issues the last couple years, not a Douglas problem, but across the industry, why wouldn't dealers want to carry some more this year, have it on hand if, given last year's winter, you would feel pretty confident selling it?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
If I was a dealer, I would. But I think that one of the things that we do see is this year you are seeing dealers probably ordering earlier than they would have in the past, because most of them know that the momentum and the pent-up demand is clearly there. As a result, they may not order more at each individual period of time, but what they may do is place more smaller orders.
But I think in general the attitude of the dealers right now is such that most of them are comfortable carrying a little bit more inventory than they might have the last few years. So I think there is a predisposition to perhaps carry more inventory than they would have been comfortable a few years ago.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Okay. And the BOSS deal with Toro, was that a marketed transaction? Would you guys have even been able to look at that, given regulatory reasons with your market share?
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
I don't know if it was marketed. Again, as a rule, we don't disclose any details of potential M&A activity, but in this instance, I can say that we have never been in negotiations with Toro or BOSS, so I think that's probably what I can say about that.
Jason Ursaner - Analyst
Okay, appreciate it. I'll jump back in the queue. Thanks, guys. Good quarter.
Operator
(Operator Instructions).
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Operator, if there is no more questions, I think we can conclude.
Operator
I see no other questioners in the (multiple speakers)
Jim Janik - Chairman, President, CEO
Okay. Finally, again, for all of you on the call, thank you for joining us today and for your continued interest in Douglas Dynamics. We look forward to speaking with you again during the fourth-quarter announcement in March 2015. Thanks and have a great day.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation in today's conference. This now concludes the program. You may all disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.