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Operator
Good day ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Fourth Quarter 2012 Targacept Incorporated Earnings Conference Call. My name Aiesha, and I will be your coordinator for today's call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session towards the end of this conference.
(Operator Instructions)
As a reminder, this call is being recorded for replay purposes. I would no like to turn the call over to your host for today, Dr. Stephen Hill. Please proceed.
- President & CEO
Thank you Aiesha. My name is Stephen Hill, and I'm President and CEO of Targacept. And with me this evening I have Alan Musso, who is our Chief Financial Offer; David Hosford, who is our Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs; and Steve Toler who is our Vice President of Translational Sciences and Emerging Opportunities.
Before summarizing our results for the quarter and for the year, let me first inform you that comments made today may include forward-looking statements made under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements relate to future events, plans, expectations, objectives, or financial results or condition including, for any of Targacept's product candidates, the design, scope, or other details of clinical trials, the timing for initiation or completion of, or for reporting of results from clinical trials, or for submission, or approval of regulatory filings, target indications, or commercial opportunities. As well as any payments that Targacept may receive from AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca's development plans for product candidates license from Targacept, cash runway, revenues or expenses, plans, expectations, or any other matter that is not a historical fact.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement, a result of many factors including those described under the heading Forward-looking Statements in Targacept's press release from earlier today, or under the heading Risk Factors in the company's most recent Form 10-K, or in later filings with the SEC. Targacept cautions you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Also, any forward-looking statement that is made speaks only as of today and should not be relied upon as representing Targacept's views as of any future date. Targacept disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required by applicable law. And with that, I'll now turn to our progress for the last quarter and recent events.
As you know, I joined Targacept as CEO in December of last year, and my time to date here has only reinforced my enthusiasm for Targacept and for its future. I believe that Targacept is in an enviable position. First, we have a promising pipeline with multiple Phase 2B candidates in development for patients in desperate need of novel treatment options. Second, we have a talented team in place to move these programs forward, and a team that is passionate, resilient, and determined to make a difference in the lives of patients and their caregivers.
Each or our current and former product candidates had a distinct mechanism targeted to a distinct underlying pathology. Consequently, each combination of receptor sub type and disease pathology represents an independent clinical initiative, and a negative outcome in the past does not, I believe, predict our future results. Finally, we have the cash necessary to see us through to potentially value creating clinical outcomes. That cash is a precious resource and we will be careful stewards of its use. And now let me provide a brief update on each of our clinical programs.
TC-5619, our wholly-owned Alpha 7 modulator, is a treatment for negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Published scientific evidence and a clinical experience to date support the potential of Alpha 7 modulators to impact these so-called residual symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Millions of patients with schizophrenia are adverse effected, impacting their ability to function in society. We have designated the Scale For the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, or SANS, as the primary end point in our trial, and have chosen cognitive dysfunction and overall everyday functioning as key secondary assessments. We plan to enroll 450 patients in this study at sites in Eastern Europe and the US. And if enrollment continues to track at its current rate, we expect to report top line results by the end of this year.
Let me turn now to our program in overactive bladder. Current treatments for overactive bladder have limited efficacy, and for many tolerability issues like excessive dry mouth. TC-5214 is a potent modulator of Alpha 3 Beta 4 NNRs located in and around the bladder. Based on pre-clinical studies and signals seen in a previous clinical program, as well as a well-established safety and tolerability profile arising from that program, we're enthusiastic about pursuing this indication. We are moving forward with plans to initiate a Phase 2B critical trial in the second quarter of this year. With our contract research organization, we are currently identifying study sites and finalizing our protocols.
Finally, AZD3480 is our Alpha 4 Beta 2 modulator in development for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. We are conducting a 12 month Phase 2B study as mono-therapy. We have designed this study to evaluate 3480 head-to-head against donepezil, which is the market leader. And we anticipate top line data in the middle of 2014.
Before we move to the financial update, let me close my section by saying that I joined Targacept because the Company represents I think a unique opportunity. Our Company has a current pipeline that includes three Phase 2B programs, any one of which could transform our future is positive. We have a balance sheet that will see the Company through to those important clinical outcomes and beyond. We have smart and dedicated people. People who have lived through the turbulence of 2012 and are still here, not because they have to be, but because they want to be, and because they remain committed to positively impacting patients' lives.
As we progress into 2013 and beyond, I look for to working with these dedicated individuals to build on the foundation that has been laid at Targacept, and to bring new medicines to patients. I must also at this point thank all of those Targacept employees who left the Company during 2012 and before. Their past contribution and hard work will be no small part of the success that we're building towards.
And with that, I'll turn the call over to Alan for our financial update. And then we'll be happy to take your questions.
- CFO
Thank you, Steve. So let me just take a few minutes to review our financial results for the fourth quarter of 2012 and the full year, which we released earlier today. For the fourth quarter of 2012, we had a net loss of $15.9 million, compared to a net loss of $9.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2011. The change was due principally to a decrease of $18.4 million in deferred revenue recognition, and $1.4 million in charges related to a workforce reduction completed during the fourth quarter of 2012, partially offset by a decrease in research and development expenses of $13.7 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, we reported a net loss of $7 million, compared to a net loss of $8.5 million for 2011 with the change due primarily to a decrease of $46.1 million in R&D expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $39.8 million in the recognition of deferred revenues, and $3.7 million in charges related to two workforce reductions completed during 2012. We ended the year with over $184 million in cash and investments and marketable securities.
Moving to our financial guidance. Based on our current operating plans, we expect for the year ending December 31, 2013, our net operating revenues to be approximately $2.4 million, and our operating expenses to be in the range of $48 million to $54 million. We also expect our cash, cash equivalents, and investments balance at the end of 2013 to be at least $135 million. We continue to expect that our current cash resources will be sufficient to meet our operating requirements through at least the end of 2015.
And with that, we'll open up the call for your questions.
- President & CEO
Aiesha, we are ready to take any questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Robyn Karnauskas with Deutsche Bank.
- Analyst
Hello guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Two quick ones, can you comment first on any updates you've had with the FDA regarding your OAB regulatory strategy? And second, can you talk a little bit about 15-5619 enrollment trends and what needs to occur as far as those trends to be on track for this year? Thanks.
- President & CEO
Yes. So it's Stephen Hill speaking. So we have met with the FDA. I think the simple summary of that is that we did not get any surprises. We felt we had a pretty good handle on the regulatory pathway for an overactive bladder program. We had a very collegial interaction, and were able to confirm our expectations of the basics of the study design which we'd put in place. And we feel that we are -- remain on track to conduct that study along the time frames that we'd internally planned.
With regards to the recruitment for 5619, we believe that we're on track for a year end readout. We always are cautious about promising recruitment relating to studies. So we'll simply keep you informed on an ongoing basis. There are a lot of variables, as you know, in that process. As of today, and we monitor this weekly, we're tracking towards the trend line would give us a readout at the end of the year. And don't anticipate or expect any deviations from that, but we can imagine certain circumstances where that may occur, but we believe we've put in place appropriate plans to keep that on track as is.
- Analyst
From your discussion with the FDA, to follow up on your OAB commentary, how much clarity do you get regarding the pivotal regulatory strategy, or the filing strategy versus just the Phase 2B design?
- President & CEO
I think our primary focus obviously was to have a discussion about our particular design for the Phase 2 study. But we believe that the regulatory pathway in terms of endpoints for such studies is very clear, and our conversation with the FDA really confirmed what we believed we already understood about appropriate endpoints, not just for a Phase 2 study but also for any pivotal study. Which by the way, I believe to be the same. So the endpoints that we would anticipate using a Phase 2 study would be the same as the endpoints we would expect would appropriate for our regulatory submission.
- Analyst
All right. Thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Alan Carr with Needham.
- Analyst
Hello, thanks for taking my question. This is actually Mark on for Alan. I was wondering if you guys had any updates on 1446. What's going on there? Is this something you guys anticipate getting back from AstraZeneca? Is there any timing associated with updates on 1446? Thanks.
- President & CEO
Yes, it's tough to give you the answer to that because it's really in the hands of AZ, and we will share with you as soon as they share with us what their intent is for that. So our [incentives] are then in the process of deciding an appropriate indication. As you know, as a Company as a whole, they're going through a lot of transition with a new CEO. So my guess is they may not be completely clear on when they can make their own internal decisions within the neuroscience group. We've had a very collegial relationship with them. They're very transparent with us, and I have no doubt they were share with us as soon as they've made their decision which direction they wish to take that compound, and we'll share that with you when we know.
- Analyst
Great. Thanks very much.
- President & CEO
You're welcome
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
There are no further questions in the queue at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Dr. Stephen Hill for closing remarks. Please proceed.
- President & CEO
So once again thanks to everybody on the call. We appreciate your interest. We are excited by the year ahead of us. We've got a lot of work to do, and we have some great people and some great science to pursue that. So, thank you. We look forward to working with you during the course of 2013. And have a great day.
Operator
Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This concludes the presentation. You may now disconnect. Have a great day.