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Operator
Good morning, everyone and welcome to the Arcos Dorados First Quarter 2016 Earnings Conference Call. A slide presentation will accompany today's webcast, which will also be available in the Investors section of the Company's website, www.arcosdorados.com/ir. And as a reminder, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. There will be an opportunity for you to ask questions at the end of today's presentation. And as a reminder, today's conference call is being recorded.
At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Daniel Schleiniger, Senior Director of Corporate Communications and Investor Relations. Sir, please go ahead.
Daniel Schleiniger - Senior Director, Corporate Communications & Investor Relations
Thank you. Good morning, everyone and thank you for joining us today. With me on today's call are Sergio Alonso, our Chief Executive Officer; Marcelo Rabach, our Chief Operating Officer and Jose Carlos Alcantara, our Chief Financial Officer.
Before we proceed, I would like to make the following Safe Harbor statement. Today's call will contain forward-looking statements and I refer you to the forward-looking statement section of our earnings release and recent filings with the SEC. We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new or changed events or circumstances. In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, we report certain non-GAAP financial results. Notably, beginning with the reporting of the first quarter of 2016, we are making a change to the presentation of our non-GAAP financial results. We will no longer be reporting organic results, which exclude the effect from currency translation and certain special items from our GAAP results. The frequency and contribution of special items to our results have declined. However, we will continue reporting constant currency performance as we believe that excluding the impact of currency fluctuations on our results continues to be an objective representation of our businesses' underlying performance. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial results as compared with GAAP results, which can be found in the press release and unaudited financial statements filed with the SEC on Form 6-K today.
I would now like to turn the call over to our CEO, Sergio Alonso.
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Thank you, Dan. Hello everyone and thank you for joining us today. The three-year plan that we announced in March of last year is designed to improve the efficiency of our operation, streamline our cost structure, and strengthen our financial position. We achieved positive topline and margin performance in the first quarter with appealing menu offerings and the disciplined execution of our three-year strategic plan despite a difficult consumer environment in most of the region. Looking ahead, visibility remains low and we are planning for challenging conditions to continue through the end of 2016.
During the first quarter, comparable sales increased 15.9%, benefiting from strong marketing promotions and the leap day. However, towards the end of the quarter, we saw a softening in consumer behavior, primarily in Argentina and Brazil. Our sales performance along with improved operational efficiency contributed to a consolidated EBITDA margin expansion of close to 200 basis points versus the prior year quarter. The benefits from the rollout of our new scheduling and forecasting system in Brazil as well as from the reorganization plan we implemented at the end of last year, drove the margin improvement and will drive sustained savings into the future. By focusing on costs that are mostly under our control, we are streamlining our cost structure and capturing efficiencies in our operation.
Continued margin expansion will depend partly on the stabilization of local economies and the recovery in consumer spending. These factors will lead to improved topline results which will further leverage the efficiencies that we're building into the business. In addition to reducing our fixed cost structure and improving our operating efficiency in the first quarter, we advance on the other key elements of our plan. At the time of our fourth quarter result in mid-March, we announced that we have signed asset monetization agreement with (inaudible) more than half of our total target. Since then, we have collected additional proceeds from this agreement. With the largest footprint of any QSR brand in Latin America, Arcos Dorados has a vast portfolio of real estate assets to support this effort.
Our re-franchising plan also remains on track. We continue to transfer the operations of re-franchised restaurants while we work to negotiate additional agreement to re-franchise Company operated restaurants.
We began 2016 in a stronger financial position. At the end of March, we signed a loan agreement with five banks in Brazil. The proceeds are being used to repay our Brazilian real denominated bond maturing in July. In fact, last week we successfully completed a tender offer, enable us to repurchase more than two-thirds of the outstanding notes prior to maturity.
Looking at our fixed cost structure, given the savings schedule in the first quarter, we expect to exceed our minimum target of a 10% reduction in G&A well ahead of schedule. With a linear (inaudible) structure in place, I am confident that our efforts to boost revenue growth and lower fixed cost will result in stronger EBITDA margins over the coming years. The actions we are taking are driving improved operating performance in a challenging economic environment. And we are positioning ourselves for the next cycle of economic growth.
Arcos Dorados enjoys significant scale and competitive advantages from being part of the global McDonald system, including brand equity, menu offerings, global marketing strategy and digital presence. And just like McDonald's Corporation, we are innovating our own service to provide customers with more choice and flexibility. Last month we joined almost 14,000 owner-operators, suppliers, and employees from around the world at the biannual McDonald's Worldwide Convention. Having heard the success stories from our counterparts elsewhere in the world, I am sure we would be able to apply many of those ideas to our Latin American operations.
I will now hand the call over to Marcelo for a review of our first quarter topline results in more detail.
Marcelo Rabach - COO
Thank you, Sergio. Please turn to slide 3. The pickup in seasonal activity we saw at the end of 2015 extended into the first quarter. On a constant currency basis, revenues grew 16%, but by 15.9% increase in comparable sales, which is the highest quarterly result in more than five years. Average check outpaced the blended inflation rate and was partially offset by a low single-digit decline in traffic. As has been the case for the last two years, reported revenues reflect weaker local currencies, mainly in Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela.
Please turn to slide 4 for a closer look at our divisional results. In Brazil, the expansion in constant currency revenues was driven by a high single-digit increase in comparable sales and the contribution of new restaurant openings. Double-digit average check growth reflected price increases and the strong performance of key marketing initiatives, mainly the [Tasty] campaign and the launch of a new premium burger, the ClubHouse from the McDonald's signature line. The dessert category continued to perform well this quarter with the McFlurry Trufado Kopenhagen and McFlurry Amor aos Pedacos. Average check growth of [rate] inflation, but it was partially offset by a mid-single digit decline in traffic. Despite the strong quarterly result, we maintained a cautious outlook for Brazil as the political climate and continued economic contraction have depressed retail sales and consumer spending.
Turning to slide 5. Growth in NOLAD's first quarter constant currency revenues and comparable sales was driven by an expansion in average check. Average check grew faster than inflation and was partially offset by a modest decline in traffic. Strong performance in Costa Rica and Panama supported by the introduction of the ClubHouse burger drove the additional sales performance. The family business remains a key driver of results, but by successful properties such as Peanuts in the quarter. The dessert category continues to be a strong contributor to results in Mexico.
Please turn to slide 6. The SLAD division maintained double-digit comparable sales and revenue growth in constant currency terms. The results were backed by average check growth and a low single-digit increase in traffic. In Argentina, we focused on promotional activities to enhance consumption and traffic levels. The premium ClubHouse burger, the Peanuts Happy Meal and McFlurry Suflair Duo in the dessert category also supported sales performance.
Turning to the Caribbean division's results on slide 7. Constant currency revenue growth excluding Venezuela reflected a low single-digit increase in comparable sales. The result was supported by average check growth and slightly positive traffic. Colombia performed strongly while Puerto Rico remain under pressure from a difficult economic environment. Marketing initiatives in the quarter included the launch of the premium ClubHouse burger in Colombia, the Peanuts Happy Meal in most markets and the McFlurry Brownie in Puerto Rico.
Please turn to slide 8. We opened 36 new restaurants during the last 12 months. Ending March, we had a total of 2,136 restaurants. Most of these openings took place in Brazil, which is where we see the highest long-term return potential. Over the last 12 months, we also added 136 dessert centers and one McCafe, bringing the total to 2,628 dessert centers and 319 McCafes. We are mindful of the current economic backdrop and have adjusted our short term growth plans accordingly. Still, we continue to invest in the modernization of our restaurant base with an emphasis on enhancing the customer experience.
I will now hand the call over to Jose Carlos for a discussion of our adjusted EBITDA and key balance sheet metrics.
Jose Carlos Alcantara - CFO
Thank you, Marcelo. The measures we put in place to streamline our cost structure last year have started to pay off. We achieved double-digit decreases in two key components of our cost structure, payroll and G&A in the first three months of the quarter. A key source of efficiency in our first quarter results were payroll costs. Last year we rolled out a scheduling and forecasting system in Brazil, which is driving improvement restaurant level margins. In the first quarter, our consolidated payroll cost declined by about 100 basis points as a percentage of sales and we expect to continue capturing leverage in our payroll cost going forward.
The reorganization and optimization plan implemented at the end of last year also drove over 100 basis points of G&A leverage in the first quarter and will allow us to deliver annualized cost savings of at least $20 million in absolute terms this year. When we first announced our 10% G&A reduction target last year, we set a time line of year-end 2017. Given our progress to-date, we should achieve this goal well ahead of schedule. Together, the improved payroll and G&A results more than offset food and paper cost pressures during the quarter.
Turning to our adjusted EBITDA performance on slide 9. First quarter adjusted EBITDA increased 15.2% as growth in constant currency terms more than offset currency translation impact mainly in Brazil, Venezuela and Argentina. All divisions contributed positively to adjusted EBITDA during the quarter, with the exception of SLAD (inaudible) a significant devaluation of the Argentine peso and shifting mix negatively impacted EBITDA results. On a constant currency basis, adjusted EBITDA grew 67%. Excluding Venezuela, adjusted EBITDA increased 1.4% and 38.1% in constant currency terms. The adjusted EBITDA margin expanded by almost 200 basis points to 7.3% driven by efficiencies in payroll and G&A, which were partially offset by higher food and paper cost as a percentage of sales.
On slide 10 you can see that we achieved adjusted EBITDA margin expansion across all operating divisions except SLAD during the quarter. In Brazil, the adjusted EBITDA margin expanded by more than 250 basis points to 12.2% as efficiencies in payroll, G&A and occupancy and other operating expenses more than offset increases in food and paper cost as a percentage of sales. The NOLAD division continues to deliver adjusted EBITDA margin expansion, backed by improved operational performance and productivity. The adjusted EBITDA margin expanded by more than 280 basis points to 9% in the first quarter, driven by efficiencies in all key cost items.
SLAD's adjusted EBITDA margin contracted by 170 basis points to 8.8% driven by higher food and paper and payroll costs, partially offset by efficiencies in G&A expenses and occupancy expenses from franchise restaurants. Food and paper costs rose as a percentage of sales in the quarter primarily due to a mix shift related to the Company's focus on promotional activities as well as input cost increases related to currency depreciation in the Argentine operation. Excluding Venezuela, the adjusted EBITDA margin of the Caribbean division expanded by almost 60 basis points to 2.8%, mainly driven by efficiencies in G&A and occupancy and other operating expenses as a percentage of sales.
Turning to slide 11. First quarter non-operating results reflected a $16.7 million foreign exchange gain compared with a loss of $23.7 million last year. The foreign exchange gain was mainly due to the appreciation of the Brazilian real which generated a gain related to intercompany balances partially offset by a loss on Brazilian real denominated long-term debt. In addition, lower foreign exchange losses related to the Venezuela devaluation effect also positively impacted non-operating results. Net interest expense declined by $2.1 million year-over-year to $14.3 million in the quarter due to lower US dollar interest payments on the 2016 bond as a result of the devaluation of the Brazilian real.
First quarter net income totaled $16.1 million compared to a loss of $28.2 million in the year ago period. The improvement reflects higher operating results coupled with a positive variance in foreign exchange results and lower net interest expense. These were partially offset by a negative income tax expense variance. As a reminder, last year's operating results were impacted by an impairment charge totaling $7.8 million on Venezuelan fixed assets.
Slide 12 contains our debt metrics. As of March 31, 2016, our net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio was 2.5 times, essentially unchanged versus the end of last year. The variance reflects seasonal working capital requirements and depreciation of the Brazilian real during the first quarter of this year. The prioritization of cash flow improvement, the temporary reduction in capital expenditures and proceeds from our asset monetization strategy have brought the ratio back within our target range of 2 times to 2.5 times.
While we expect some seasonal fluctuation throughout 2016, we should end the year within our targeted range. As Sergio mentioned, at the end of March we signed a four-year loan agreement in Brazil. The BRL613.9 million secured loan to our Brazilian subsidiary has a fully amortizing payment schedule with no prepayment penalty. It bears interest at the interbank market reference or CDI interest rate plus 4.5%. Interest payments will be made quarterly beginning next month and principal payments will be made semi-annually as of September 2017.
The loan is secured by certain credit and debit card receivables arising from sales in some of our Brazilian subsidiary Company operated restaurants. When we announced the agreement, we had already repurchased a portion of the Brazilian real bond, bringing the loan proceeds broadly in line with the outstanding principal amount. Since this time, we launched a tender offer for the remaining Brazilian real notes and as we announced last week, we were successful on repurchasing two-thirds of the outstanding notes prior to maturity at par. As of today, approximately BRL205 million of the original principal amount of the Brazilian real bond remains outstanding and will be repaid on or before maturity with the remaining proceeds from the loan agreement.
Turning to our asset monetization plans. We have agreements in place to redevelop properties and refranchise Company operated restaurants representing more than half of our asset monetization goal. To-date, we have received proceeds of more than BRL40 million from these agreements. We are progressing within the time frame that we laid out for both initiatives, and are on track to achieve the total targeted amount.
In summary, we continue focusing on the cost that are mostly under our control to realize efficiencies and are positioning Arcos Dorados to capture the opportunity of the McDonald's brand in Latin America. I will now hand the call back to Sergio.
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Thanks, Jose Carlos. Our first quarter results demonstrate clear progress against each component of our three-year strategic plan. The ultimate goal of the plan is to strengthen our leadership position in Latin America and be at the forefront of next cycle of economic growth. I have worked in this region for decades, as have many of my colleagues, and we know from experience that economic growth in Latin America is cyclical. In the future, as we have done in the past, it will rebound.
The measures we have put in place to strengthen our financial position are taking (inaudible). We began this year with a leaner organization and our performance improvement despite the challenging economic environment. We're seeing better operational efficiencies and higher margins in our restaurants. Our efforts to increase revenue growth and lower fixed cost should lead to higher EBITDA margins in future years. And at the same time, proceeds from the monetization of certain real estate assets will reduce our net debt and enhance shareholder value. We are on track to achieve the targets outlined in our three-year plan and are pleased with our results so far. We are planning for our larger markets to continue facing headwinds and uncertainty in 2016 that we expect will further impact consumer behavior, but we are managing the business for the long term and our focus remain on executing against our strategies.
We remain confident in the potential of the McDonald's brand in Latin America and have a clear plan for sustained long-term profitable growth. In line with the balance globally, we will continue working with our core menu items to sustain its relevance as well as (inaudible) technology platforms in our restaurants to enhance the customer experience.
So thank you for your attention and I would now open the call for questions.
Operator
(Operator instructions) Robert Ford, Bank of America - Merrill Lynch.
Robert Ford - Analyst
Thank you, and good day, everybody and congratulations on the operating progress. I was hoping if you could touch a little bit on Venezuela in terms of the energy crisis and what you're doing to cope with the situation there and I was curious if you had any exposure to Alimentos Polar in Venezuela, please?
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Yes, sure. Good morning, Robert, how are you? Good to hear you. Well, I believe this is secret to anyone, the Venezuelan operations are facing a very, very challenging economic and consumer environment. So obviously, we're trying to take the business and protect our leadership position in the market, but I believe it is important to remark that Venezuela is for us a cash self-sufficient operation. So we are not in need nor we expect to inject cash into the country or the market this year to sustain the new operations in there. In terms of the relevance of the market, for numbers, Venezuela is slightly above 1% of revenues and just a reminder, we had a negative EBITDA in Venezuela last year of around $8 million, so as we said, we're trying to protect, doing everything we can in a very tough and challenging environment to protect the business because we all know that Venezuela was once a fantastic market for brand McDonalds and we expect that that situation will come back. Hopefully soon, but in the meantime, we're not in need of pumping money to the market.
Marcelo Rabach - COO
Hi, Bob. This is Marcelo and I would like to add we have no exposure to Alimentos Polar in Venezuela. So we are not [planning] any impact from that situation in our business.
Operator
Martha Shelton.
Martha Shelton - Analyst
Hi, thanks for taking the question. I just wanted to see if you could offer a little bit more color regarding the NOLAD operations. Again, we're seeing very good EBITDA margin expansion. So if you could perhaps give a little bit of color into the performance of the Mexico operations, same-store sales, traffic, just what you're seeing there if you're seeing consumers trading up? Thanks so much.
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Yes, sure good morning, Martha. I'll pass the question to Marcelo.
Marcelo Rabach - COO
Yes, good morning, Martha. Well, as you mentioned, we have another strong quarter from NOLAD despite we mentioned Panama and Costa Rica contributed a lot to those results. The fact is that we are seeing positive trends in terms of revenues and margin from Mexico. Last year, we made introduction of McNeill, which brings a more choice for our customers, along with improvements in operational execution, we saw a positive impact in brand metrics in the last quarters. So we obviously aim to sustain this improvement and the next phase we'll be offering a new affordability platform in order to be to bring more customers to our restaurants and continue gain traction in Mexico.
Operator
Jeronimo De Guzman, Morgan Stanley.
Jeronimo De Guzman - Analyst
Hi, good morning. I wanted to see if you could talk a little bit more about the same-store sales trends that we saw in Brazil during the quarter? And more specifically, I mean the mix between the ticket and traffic, I mean, what do you think is driving the continued trend towards ticket above inflation while traffic trends are still in the mid-single digit negative side? And then also wanted to hear -- if you could give us more color on what you mentioned about seeing more of a deceleration towards the end of the quarter, so wanted to see what kind of trends you were seeing towards March or what kind of trends you're seeing at the start of the second quarter?
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Yes, good morning, Jeronimo, how are you? The reality is that in the case of Brazil, we ended the year with a positive momentum in sales with sort of carry over into the first quarter of this year 2016. We had a very strong marketing calendar in the market, including what we call core line expansions like Big Tasty with some wider range of products around the Big Tasty platform and also (inaudible) will also have emphasis and the affordable (inaudible) platform with the launch of a new platform towards the end of the quarter. And we also have a really robust offering in terms of desserts with the (technical difficulty) very local [dessert] brand.
The reality is that as a consequence of all these initiatives, we had a positive change in product mix, basically enhancing and helping increase the average check that explains the gap between the positive sales compared to inflation and then as we said, a slightly negative trend in volumes in (inaudible) which we believe also is a testimony of what is happening in the market beyond our own (inaudible) again this is mostly due to any one [either]. The overall business environment in Brazil is very challenging and most businesses are suffering or declining volumes.
Having said that, I believe it is worthy to remark that in this environment, we were able to gain market share, we feel our [Brazilian] business, this is branded QSR companies. So obviously our goal long term is to protect traffic as we always said, that hasn't changed, that won't change because that goals [quarter] the business we have. But the reality is that, considering the market conditions today, and as we said, Jose Carlos and Marcelo as well in their parts, we are seeing sort of a continuation of the situation at least in the next upcoming months even (inaudible) market both in terms of the economy (inaudible) some uncertainty in the political outlook as well.
Jeronimo De Guzman - Analyst
So just to clarify, you're seeing still strong trends continuing?
Sergio Alonso - CEO
No, what we're seeing is, I was referring to volumes, we had negative volumes obviously, our focus remain to sustain traffic as much as we can.
Operator
(Operator instructions) Ed Santevecchi, Nomura.
Ed Santevecchi - Analyst
Hi guys, thanks for the call. Can you just give us an update on CapEx for the full year, are you still expecting that kind of that $90 million to $120 million range or should we expect revision lower, I guess you maybe guiding towards the lower end of that range? And then secondly, can you just give us a general update on your strategy towards hedging some of the FX risks?
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Okay. Good morning, Ed. I will pass both questions to Jose Carlos.
Jose Carlos Alcantara - CFO
Hi, good morning, Ed. Yes, our guidance for CapEx spending this year still remains in the same range, $90 million to $120 million, that has not changed. As with respect to hedging, our strategy has been to, as we mentioned in the past, hedge some of our food and paper exposure, that in our markets vary market by market in Brazil for example, it's approximately, I think we said 20%, it's paper and (inaudible) and potatoes that we import into Brazil and then we monitor that and then hedge as we redeem accordingly. So for this year, in 2016, Brazil was fully hedged for the entire exposure we have in Brazil at this point at an average rate of approximately BRL4.1 to $1.
Ed Santevecchi - Analyst
Sorry, in Brazil you hedged just on the input cost?
Jose Carlos Alcantara - CFO
Just on input cost. We do not hedge translation, just transaction exposure.
Operator
(Operator instructions) And ladies and gentlemen, at this time I'm showing no additional questions. I'd like to turn the conference call back over to management for any closing remarks.
Sergio Alonso - CEO
Well, thank you very much for your questions and your attention today and we certainly look forward to speaking with you again the next quarter. And as always in the interim, the team remains available to meet with you and answer any questions that you may have. So thank you again and enjoy the rest of the day.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's conference call. We do thank you for attending. You may now disconnect your lines.