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Operator
Good morning and welcome to Wolverine Worldwide's first quarter 2012 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode until the question-and-answer session of the conference call. This call is being recorded at the request of Wolverine World Wide. If anyone has any objections you may disconnect at this time. I would now like to introduce Ms. Christi Cowdin, Director of Investor Relations and Communications for Wolverine Worldwide. Ms. Cowdin, you may proceed.
Christi Cowdin - Director IR & Communications
Thank you Andrew. Good morning everyone and welcome to our first quarter 2012 conference call. As always, on the call today are Blake Krueger, our Chairman, CEO and President, and Don Grimes, our Senior Vice President and CFO. Earlier this morning we announced our financial results for the first quarter of 2012 and if you did not yet receive a copy of the press release please call Brad Van Houte at 616-233-0500 to have one sent to you. The release is also available on many news sites or you can view it from our corporate website at www.wolverineWorldWide.com. Before I turn the call over to Blake to comment on our results today I'd like to caution you and remind you that the predictions and projections made in today's conference call regarding Wolverine Worldwide and its operations may be considered forward-looking statements by securities laws. As a result, we must caution you that as with any prediction or projection, there are a number of factors that could cause results to differ materially. These important risk factors are identified in the Company's SEC filings and also in our press releases. With all that being said I would now like to turn the call over to Blake.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Thanks, Christi. Good morning to everyone and thanks for joining us today. Earlier this morning we reported our financial results for the first quarter. Concluding another solid performance for the Company, despite soft retail conditions in some parts of the world. While we had planned for relatively soft revenue growth in each of the first two quarters of the year, revenue performance in the first quarter was slightly below our internal plan and was adversely affected by weak retail conditions in Europe, attributable to the recessionary environment in that region. Q1 revenue was also impacted by the timing of shipments from our lower margin military business.
At this point, we do not expect any significant short-term improvement in Europe and have adjusted our full year revenue guidance to reflect the recessionary market conditions in that region. Despite these headwinds, our team was able to deliver good earnings performance in the quarter. Earnings exceeded our internal plan, as SG&A discipline and proactive pricing increases helped us maintain a healthy gross margin. An excellent outcome from our global tax planning strategies led us to raise our earnings guidance for the year today.
Globally, fashion and macro lifestyle trends continue to work in our favor. The global consumer is interested in authentic heritage brands, brands that stand for something and have withstood the test of time. Americana styling and prep also continue to drive consumer demand around the world. The boot trend and the consumer focus on health and wellness also remains strong. As one example, Merrell Barefoot continues to perform very well. Don will provide more details on the financials in a few minutes as well as our updated full year guidance. We remain very optimistic about most of the global consumer markets in which we do business and plan to deliver another record year of sales and earnings.
Now I'll spend a few minutes talking about the performance of our brands, starting with the Outdoor Group. The Outdoor Group which includes Merrell, Chaco and Patagonia Footwear remain the Company's largest revenue and earnings contributor in Q1. While Chaco and Patagonia Footwear turned in solid revenue growth, softness in Europe was the primary reason for the Outdoor Group's flat revenue performance in the quarter. Turning first to Merrell, where the Merrell Barefoot Collection continues to drive performance and open up new distribution for the brand. Merrell continues to invest heavily to enhance its leadership position in the Barefoot category and in Q1 launched the Pretty Strong marketing campaign focused on female athletes and runners. The minimalist running landscape has become increasingly competitive in the US but our investments in advertising, point of purchase programs, social media and education as well as planned category expansion have allowed Merrell to maintain, increase its share of the fast growing Barefoot minimalist market. The Barefoot minimalist trend continues to gain traction internationally with Merrell positioned to be the clear leader for this category.
Outside of Barefoot, Merrell continues to grow its market share lead in the core hiking and light hiking categories, gaining incremental 150 basis points year-to-date according to NPD. Market data also indicates that Merrell has increased its market share over the last year in the outdoor footwear category with a significant gain in the important outdoor specialty channel. Merrell also continues to grow in the women's lifestyle and casual product categories. The women's land sandals, heel clog, Lorelei sport casual programs experienced very high sell-through in Q1 and correspondingly high reorder rates. Strategic inventory investments in key styles allowed us to fill in replenishment orders during the quarter.
Chaco, our pure outdoor adventure brand, turned in strong growth in Q1. The brand's expanded closed toe collection of boots and shoes and the unseasonably warm early spring in the US led to strong sell-through at retail and a great start to the sandal season. These initiatives have helped drive a substantial market share gain for Chaco. The launch of the new custom Chaco Made in USA program, called My Chacos also generated substantial consumer interest as loyal brand fans can now design and create their own Chacos. We remain very bullish about the growth prospects for Chaco. Patagonia Footwear also achieved very good revenue growth during the quarter, led by the success of the multi-sport and trail running categories. We are leveraging the Patagonia brand in partnership with 1% For the Planet to fuel the brand's presence at retail and drive sell-through.
Next, I'll focus on the Heritage Group which includes the Company's oldest brand, Wolverine, our two largest licensed footwear businesses, Caterpillar and Harley-Davidson, as well as Bates and HYTEST. During the quarter, very good growth in the Wolverine brand was offset by planned declines in Bates and Harley-Davidson Footwear. The Wolverine brand led the way for the Heritage Group in Q1 as the brand maintained its number one position in the important US work market, with strong sell-throughs of the Contour Welt and DuraShocks product offerings. 2012 marks the 20th anniversary of the patented DuraShocks comfort technology with more than 25 million pairs having been sold around the world during that period. The Wolverine 1000 Mile Collection continues to exceed our expectations in the premium priced men's street segment. This collection has been expanded to the women's category with the introduction of the 1000 Mile Collection designed by Samantha Pleet. The response to the new Made in USA women's offering has been very strong, and the line will be introduced this fall in some of most influential footwear and fashion independent retailers in the US.
Turning to CAT. CAT Footwear achieved double-digit gains in the US and international markets in Q1, although these increases were offset by soft retail conditions in Europe and Canada. In the US, CAT continues to take market share in both the industrial and lifestyle categories. The light weight anti-fatigue flexion product drove a substantial market share gain in the work category, that all is reported by Sports One Source Data. On the Lifestyle side, the women's Authentic rugged boot product and the men's Legendary Raw Collection drove high double-digit growth in the Lifestyle category. The CAT international distributor business generated a strong double-digit increase in the quarter. In part, this increase was the result of our international partners opening up mono branded CAT retail stores, selling CAT footwear, apparel and accessories. We ended the quarter with 25 CAT lifestyle stores and another 10 planned for the remainder of the year.
Next, I'd like to discuss the Lifestyle Group. Which includes Hush Puppies, Sebago, Soft Style and the most youthful consumer brand in our portfolio, Cushe. Overall, group revenue for the quarter declined slightly, primarily due to softness in the Hush Puppy businesses in Europe and Canada. Starting with Sebago. Our premium New England heritage brand led the way for the Lifestyle Group in Q1 growing revenue at a very strong double-digit pace. New product initiatives and the continuing strong consumer trends for heritage brands, prep and boat shoes drove increased demand for Sebago in all major markets.
In the US, expanded assortments at key retailers like Nordstrom's, Macy's and the Walking Company have positioned Sebago for growth as revenue with these accounts is up triple digits and sell-through remains strong. Also, the new tri-water collection featuring the toughest shoes on the water, has been enthusiastically received by retailers and allowed the brand to gain placement at retailers such as Bass Pro Shops, West Marine, and Marine Max. Sebago's collaborations such as the Artisan and Filson collections continue to drive growth in the high end department stores and the most influential boutiques around the world. Sebago posted solid growth in Europe and our new lifestyle store on Regent Street in London reconfirms the brand's premium positioning in that market.
Turning to Hush Puppies. Solid performance in the US and international distributor markets was offset by declines in Canada and Europe. The brand continues to gain traction in the US with expanded offerings and excellent sell-throughs in the department store and independent channels. Our extensive international distributor and licensee business remains a key strength for Hush Puppies as the brand ended the quarter with about 570 concept stores and approximately 3300 shop-in-shops around the world. Finally, Cushe, our Action Sports inspired brand delivered another quarter of solid revenue growth with momentum fueled by a particular focus on an expanded women's range, and a deeper penetration of core Action Sports retailers. The women's business is growing at a faster pace than men's and continues to capture shelf space at key US department stores and independents. Cushe is also taking shelf space in the sandal category and has a 50 door test for both men's and women's sandals later this summer at a leading US franchise retailer. We remain very bullish on the future growth prospects for Cushe.
Next, our direct to consumer business had a great Q1 as revenue grew at a strong double-digit rate at both our brick and mortar and online stores. Comp store sales increased at a mid single digit rate for the quarter. Our eCommerce business also continued to grow at a very strong double-digit pace, driven by targeted investments in mobile commerce as well as key brand initiatives like Merrell Barefoot and My Chacos.
A little more than a year ago we announced the formation of a new international group within the Company. The primary purpose of which was to better align and increase our resources dedicated to accelerating growth in international markets. While our distributor and licensee business was excellent and frankly remains so. Our new International Group was tasked the driving regional strategies and growth for all of our brands in all markets outside of North America. Either through our existing distributor and licensee business models, or by taking advantage of expanded relationships and new business structures. The International Group has also provided the vehicle for us to make significant investments in people and infrastructure to help our brands dominate on a global scale.
Today, we announced the formation of a joint venture for our Merrell and CAT Footwear brands in India with the Tata Group, the leading industrial, retail and consumer business group in India. Late last week, we also announced the formation of a joint venture for many of our brands in Colombia, with one of our long-time South American partners. Colombia is a country of almost 50 million people that, like many global markets, is experiencing accelerated economic growth. We have also recently executed a distribution agreement with the largest footwear and sportswear marketer and retailer in China, Belle International. This is for the Hush Puppy brand. Belle also currently handles the Merrell and CAT brands in China for us.
We're obviously excited to announce these new initiatives, all of which reflect our enhanced business relationship with strategic partners as well as our strategic focus on driving accelerated growth in key global markets. Despite the macroeconomic headwinds in Europe, and the tepid pace of the recovery in some key markets, we remain focused on expanding our already significant global footprint, maintaining a leading position in product innovation, strengthening our connection with our core consumers and delivering another record year for our shareholders. I'll now turn the call over to Don Grimes, our Senior Vice President and CFO, who will add some additional commentary on our Q1 results and expectations for the full year. Thanks.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thank you, Blake and good morning everyone. This morning I will review our first quarter financial results in a little more detail, update our full year expectations, and provide some color on the second quarter. Earlier today we reported first quarter revenue of $322.8 million, a decline of 2.4% compared to first quarter 2011 revenue of $330.9 million. It's worth noting that last year's revenue represented growth of 16.1% versus the year prior. Foreign exchange negatively impacted revenue by $2.2 million in the quarter. The quarter's results were impacted by challenging trading conditions in a couple of regions, most significantly in Europe where we do about 20% of our business.
In the United States our largest market, our Wolverine Caterpillar Footwear, Chaco, Cushe, and Sebago brands all posted mid- single digit to double digit gains. Additionally the International Distributor businesses for Sebago and Caterpillar Footwear each delivered strong double digit increases. Most notably during the quarter our consumer direct business had outstanding results as it delivered nearly 19% revenue growth on the strength of mid single digit comp store sales gains, new locations and continued strong double digit growth from the eCommerce channel. The quarter's results were impacted by both the continued macroeconomic concerns in continental Europe, emanating from the sovereign debt crisis and its impact on consumer spending, and more specifically bankruptcy proceedings for several key footwear retail chains in the United Kingdom, our most significant European market. In the US we saw retailers take a more cautious stance toward future orders following the fall/winter season that fell short of expectations due to the unseasonably warm weather. On a more positive note, current inventories across our retail channels are lean and our sell-through rates remain strong, results that have had a very positive impact on reorders thus far in Q2.
Turning to our International business, as Blake just discussed, we are tremendously excited about the new joint ventures in Colombia and India announced late last week and this morning respectively. We will now have a more meaningful business interest in Colombia, a country where well over 100 million pairs of shoes are purchased each year and in an economy that is growing at an accelerated pace. India is an incredibly promising market. The world's largest democracy with a fast growing middle class that has an appetite for Western brands. These are great examples of the benefits we are reaping from the important work of our International Group, as they focus their time, talents and resources on regions that represent significant potential future growth for the Company. We look forward to more exciting announcements in the future.
Our outdoor group which consists of Merrell, Chaco and Patagonia Footwear had revenue of $137.1 million in the quarter, almost flat compared to the prior year. Our Merrell brand was impacted in the quarter by the economic challenges in Europe and reduced open to buys within certain retail channels. Many of our key retail partners reported that Merrell had continued to outperform its competition on the sales floor and online, an assertion that is supported by the fact that Merrell's at once or replenishment orders were up over 20% in the first quarter. We view this as a strong sign that the brand is positioned to continue to perform well in challenging trading conditions and also has the innovative market right product to accelerate growth when global market conditions improve. Patagonia Footwear and Chaco each grew their revenue in the quarter in the mid to upper single digit range.
The Heritage Group which consists of our Wolverine, Caterpillar Footwear, Bates, Harley-Davidson and HYTEST businesses had revenue of $103 million in the quarter, down just over 7% versus the prior year. Global growth from Wolverine Footwear and apparel and growth from Caterpillar Footwear in the United States and third party distributor markets were offset by three things. Expected lower revenue from Harley-Davidson Footwear reflecting the brand's narrow distribution channel, the timing of orders on Bates military contracts which are weighted towards the back half of the year, and finally, and not to sound like a broken record, but the difficult economic conditions in Europe.
The Lifestyle Group, home to Hush Puppies, Cushe and Sebago, generated revenue of $50.6 million in the quarter, a decline of 2.7%. Hush Puppies revenue remained even with the prior year in the US and in third party licensee markets. However, this was offset by the impact of the bankruptcy proceedings of several key UK retail customers and again the overall economic challenges of continental Europe. Cushe and Sebago both grew their revenue during the quarter as product initiatives such as Cushe's surf slipper and Sebago's popular product collaborations continue to produce positive results. Wolverine Retail delivered a stand-out performance in Q1, driven as noted by mid single digit comp store sales growth and another quarter of strong double-digit growth from our eCommerce business. We ended the quarter with 101 brick and mortar locations and 41 eCommerce websites and we look forward to continued impressive performance from this group. We still plan to open 12 to 15 new retail stores during all of 2012.
Gross margin in the quarter decreased modestly to 41%, a decline of 60 basis points versus the prior year. Selling price increases and FX contract gains were more than offset by higher product costs and a negative mix shift, the latter being driven by higher closeout sales and lower contribution from some of our higher gross margin brands. Consistent with our prior expectations, we project favorable gross margin comparisons later in the fiscal year, especially the fourth quarter, driven by a more benign product cost environment, expected positive sales mix, and moderately lower LIFO expense. Our operating expenses in the quarter came in meaningfully below plan as we exercised the appropriate discipline around discretionary spending. Total SG&A of $95.2 million was up 7.8%, with almost all the increase driven by incremental non-cash pension expense, occupancy and labor costs associated with our new retail stores, higher bad debt expense and some nonrecurring employee separation costs, the benefit of which will occur over the remainder of the fiscal year. SG&A was 29.5% of revenue, up 280 basis points versus the prior year, but meaningfully better than our original plans even though revenue fell a bit short of our expectations.
Over the balance of the year we will continue to support our brands through investments in innovation, product design and consumer awareness while maintaining strict financial discipline in all other areas. Fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding in the quarter were 48.2 million, down from the prior year's 49.2 million, reflecting both the approximately 65,000 shares we repurchased in Q1, at an average cost of $37.09 per share, and the 1.7 million shares that we repurchased in the last three quarters of fiscal 2011. The Company has approximately $86 million remaining under its current share repurchase authorization. Getting to the bottom line, fully diluted earnings for the quarter were $0.64 per share, a decrease of 11.1% versus the prior year, but significantly better than the range of $0.50 to $0.56 communicated in January. The better than expected results were driven by a favorable ruling related to the computation of the taxable income of our Asian sourcing operations that resulted in a $5.6 million or $0.12 per share benefit in the first quarter. Although most of the benefit relates to prior years, the favorable ruling will have a positive impact on our go-forward effective tax expense of about $1 million per year. This outstanding news reflects the efforts we've made over the last few years in the international tax planning arena.
Our balance sheet remains strong. Inventory at quarter end was up approximately 6%, driven primarily by additional inventory to support new product initiatives such as Merrell Barefoot and the impact of product cost increases. We finished the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of approximately $123 million, and approximately $70 million drawn on our revolving credit facility. The revolver balance is in support of seasonal working capital requirements as our fiscal first quarter is typically a quarter of negative free cash flow. We also kept our defined benefit pension plans fully funded from an actuarial perspective.
Our strategy for the use of our strong cash flow and ample liquidity remains the same. Fuel the organic growth of our existing brand portfolio, fund potential new acquisitions, and return cash to shareholders via regular dividends and when appropriate, share repurchases. Based upon the first quarter results, and our expectations for the remaining three quarters of the year, especially the trading conditions in Europe, we are adjusting our outlook for the full year revenue to a range of $1.46 billion to $1.5 billion. Representing growth of 3.6% to 6.5% compared to the prior year. This will represent the Company's third consecutive year of record revenue.
Although our current consolidated backlog is down in the mid single digit range versus the prior year, it's important to remember that about 50% of our overall business is in the form of at once or replenishment orders and it is our expectation that at once business will be very strong over the balance of the year. I'll share with you that our Q2 to date consolidated at once business across all brands in the portfolio is up almost 20%, and was up over 30% just this last week. Supporting our belief that retailers have shifted and will continue to shift a substantial portion of their business to at once orders and that our brands continue to sell through well at retail. We continue to expect that full year revenue growth will be heavily weighted to the back half of the year, especially the fourth quarter when the comparison is to a more modest prior year growth rate. Embedded in our revenue outlook are the expectations of a stable US economy, continuing tough trading conditions in Europe and a moderately stronger US dollar over the balance of the year.
This is probably the appropriate time in my prepared remarks to let you all know that over the balance of the year we're going to wean you off of the backlog as a business metric. First, as I just mentioned, about half of our wholesale business comes in the form of at once orders, orders that spend very little time in the backlog before being fulfilled. Second, as we evaluated this, we looked at data over the last 16 quarters, comparing the relationship between the beginning of quarter backlog position and the ultimate revenue growth recorded in that quarter and there's just very little correlation. We see quarters where the backlog was soft and we delivered much stronger revenue performance and we see quarters where backlog is up strongly as it was most of last year, and while our revenue growth is outstanding, it's still well below where the backlog would have predicted. Reasons for this include the significant swings in the ordering pattern of retailers between future and at once orders, large fluctuations in the magnitude of order cancellations from one year to the next, volatility and third party factory capacities which leads to customer orders being placed earlier or later due to lead time expectations and just general changes in retailers' collective psyche as they continue to push a portion of the inventory carrying burden back to brand owners and wholesalers.
We didn't want to completely abandon the discussion of backlog without giving you some time to adjust to our decision. But we will be moving in that direction over the balance of the year and encourage you to rely on our revenue guidance which takes into account all the factors just noted and is grounded in detail by brand, by geography and by key account analyses. We are raising our full year estimate for diluted earnings per share to a range of $2.70 to $2.80 per share, representing growth of 8.9% to 12.9% over prior year earnings per share of $2.48. The lift in earnings guidance is attributable to lower projected tax expense versus the prior guidance of about $0.10 per share as a $0.12 per share benefit in Q1 is slightly offset by a projected negative mix shift between high tax and lower tax jurisdictions, resulting in a full year effective tax rate of approximately 25%. We still expect modest growth, full year gross margin expansion and modest full year operating expense deleverage with the latter being driven by an incremental $0.15 per share of non-cash pension expense.
We were pretty open in January about our view of Q1, and not surprisingly, we received positive feedback about how helpful the commentary was. Given the continued unusual volatility in our revenue and earnings growth this year we thought we should give you a little more color on how we see this year's second quarter compared to the second quarter of last year when revenue grew more than 20% and adjusted EPS grew more than 23%. We are currently projecting revenue in the range of flat to up low single digits in the quarter, gross margin flat to slightly down versus the prior year and slight SG&A deleverage driven primarily by the increased pension expense. The full year effective tax rate of approximately 25% just mentioned reflects the inclusion of the Q1 nonrecurring benefit in the full year calculation. Q2's effective tax rate should be approximately 27.5%. As a result, we expect fully diluted earnings per share in the range of $0.40 to $0.45 per share in the quarter.
Fiscal 2012 is going to be a year focused on execution. Wolverine is a Company with the lifestyle brands, talent and global consumer following that enables us to outperform in a variety of geographies and retail environments, even when those environments are being challenged by macroeconomic factors. The brands with the best, most innovative products typically win. And we have continued to invest in innovation and remain focused on exceeding the expectations of our global consumers. Thank you for your time this morning. I'll now turn the call back over to Blake for some final comments.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Thanks, Don. Thank you all for your time this morning. We'll now turn the call back to the operator so we can take your questions. Operator?
Operator
We will now begin the question-and-answer session.
(Operator Instructions)
Christian Buss, Credit Suisse.
Christian Buss - Analyst
Thank you very much. I was wondering if you could provide a little bit of color on the Merrell brand in the United States and what you were seeing there and what gives you confidence in the continued growth potential in that market?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, when you focus -- let's look at Merrell just in the US which is its largest market. I guess we're focused first of all on sell-through reports from retailers which remain very strong and then also as you know, we pre-line our spring and summer lines to retailers well in advance of introduction. We've received simply excellent feedback.
I think the -- like many retailers, I think there's been some challenge on the inventory side coming off the very warm fall and winter in the outdoor specialty arena. This is probably true for all retailers, but in particular retailers that carry a lot of hard goods and soft goods, ski jackets, skis, things really focused on a normal winter. I think they came off the fall and winter selling season with a little too much inventory, not necessarily in footwear, and they've been weaning that down through the first quarter.
So what we've seen is pretty much what we expected from Merrell in the short term, which is a substantial uptick in at-once orders, a substantial uptick in at-once orders above our Company average in Q2. As these people get back into the market, they've pretty much adjusted their inventory levels and they're now back to buying what's selling.
Christian Buss - Analyst
Great. That's very helpful. Thank you.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Thanks.
Operator
Jim Duffy, Stifel Nicolaus.
Jim Duffy - Analyst
Thank you. Good morning. Handful of questions for you guys. Don, to help us get a handle on the tone of business by different regions, can you compartmentalize it? How much was the US business up in the first quarter? How much was Europe down? Sounds like Canada was down? Is there a way you can separate the brand commentary into just a more holistic view.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Yes, stepping back, Europe and Canada were down. The US was essentially flat and the other areas had small -- they had growth. So really the overwhelming factor obviously in terms of our reported revenue is Europe, Canada and the US. Canada was a bit down due to some retailer difficulties, Sears Canada and Forzani, in particular. Europe was down more than that for all the reasons we talked about during the prepared remarks, and the US was essentially flat.
Jim Duffy - Analyst
Okay. And then with respect to the decline in Europe, is there a way to isolate how much of that was related to the UK bankruptcy proceedings that you mentioned?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
It's difficult to do that. I would say throughout Europe, the UK is one of the most challenged markets right now, although there's certainly a recessionary environment in a lot of the countries in Europe. The one good thing about the UK administrative bankruptcy proceedings, it's a fast process, unlike the United States Chapter 11 or some others.
So it's possible for retailers to go in, cut a deal, and come out much quicker than the United States. And that happened in the UK. That being said, though, we had two of our very largest customers going to administration and certainly had an impact on Q1.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
As we said in either the last call or call before that, Jim, the UK represents about half of our European business. And with those two key retail customers, particularly for Hush Puppies and Merrell, that went through the administration proceedings certainly caused a dislocation in their ordering pattern that impacted Q1. And in addition to that, the incremental bad debt expense that I referred to in my prepared remarks was about -- was worth about $0.01 a share on the earnings line.
Jim Duffy - Analyst
I see. Okay. And then as you mentioned, Don, anniversarying the difficult comparisons from 1Q a year ago was challenging. 2Q looks to be an even more difficult comparison. What gives you the confidence that you can hold revenue flat or grow it against that comparison as implied by your guidance?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Primarily it's the at-once order trends. They were strong for most brands in the portfolio in Q1. If you adjust our Q1 at-once business for Harley-Davidson and Bates -- Harley-Davidson because of known factors, narrow distribution channels and Bates for timing shifts of some military contracts, if you adjust that out of our Q1 at-once orders, at-once orders were up mid-single digits in Q1 and they were up by a multitude of that Q2 to date as I mentioned. So 20% on a quarter to date basis and up 30% just last week.
So we believe, again to repeat what Blake said in response to Christian's question. We believe that our key brands continue to sell through well now that retailer inventories are becoming more in balance and we're getting the reorders. The business is coming in the form of at-once orders and not future orders. So obviously the backlog isn't where we want to it be but we are seeing very positive at once order trends.
Jim Duffy - Analyst
Great. That's encouraging. And then Blake, at the ICR Conference in your presentation you mentioned a longer term objective for the business of double-digit revenue growth. Help us understand how you guys are going to close the gap between the mid single digits implied by your full year guidance and what you hope to do with the business over a longer term.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, I think you've seen a couple of announcements just in the last couple days, Jim, that reflect that. We're going to move down the channel in certain select international markets and geographies, India clearly a big time potential for the Company but also a country like Colombia. But in addition, we're also focused on driving upper single-digit or double-digit organic growth in our existing businesses.
Some years it will be above that. Some years it will be a little more challenged. This year we frankly have got the challenge of Europe staring us down and I guess it's not just us in Europe. Kellogg announced this morning they took their revenue and earnings guidance down for the entire year primarily because of Europe. It's a challenge that everybody's going to be facing in many different product categories.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Jim, I don't want Blake to take the blame for something that I said at ICR. I think it was in my prepared remarks that I said our longer-term goal was high single-digit revenue growth and earnings growth even stronger than that. I don't want everyone to forget the fact that we did grow our revenue at 13% and 12% plus in the two years prior to this fiscal year. So if there's some challenges this year related to Europe or other things that are beyond control I don't want to lose sight of the fact that we did grow our revenue at double-digit rate in 2010 and '11.
Jim Duffy - Analyst
Great. Thanks for the help. I'll let someone else jump in.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Thanks, Jim.
Operator
Edward Yruma, KeyBanc Capital Markets.
Edward Yruma - Analyst
Thanks very much for taking my question. Can you talk a little bit about the US pricing environment. I know that you've opportunistically taken price to offset some of the cost challenges and particular focus maybe on the Barefoot Running category since it's gotten more competitive. Thank you.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Just to focus a little -- first of all, I think we're entering a phase here the second half of this year that's going to be the most stable pricing environment that we've had in probably four years. I'm not saying we're back to the good old days but at least it's a much more stable environment for the entire industry. And that's reflected in our price increases.
As you know, we've been proactively focused on price increases for at least two and-a-half years now, taking them on a selective basis, some new introductions. We were probably one of the very few companies last year in the consumer soft goods space that maintained gross margins over 2010. So we have an inherent DNA and discipline in that regard.
With respect to Merrell, we still have Merrell Barefoot tiered at the better grade distribution and better price points but we've also introduced some new product access that is spectacular that's about $20 less at retail. So you are starting to see some good, better, best pricing across that category and Merrell is certainly participating in that strategy.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
More specifically, across the portfolios as a whole, not just the US comment, but our selling price increases in this year's Q1 versus last year benefited gross margin by over 300 basis points. But we had more of a negative impact from product cost increases this year than last year, even though the environment perhaps is a little more stable.
But last year's Q1 benefited from inventory pre-buys that we did towards the end of fiscal 2010 that protected the gross margin, or at least dampened the product cost increase impact in Q1 of last year that we didn't have the same level of inventory pre-buys this year. So we still were -- to your question, we still were rather aggressive with our selling price strategy in Q1.
Edward Yruma - Analyst
Great. And you guys were able to control SG&A very nice in the quarter. Can you talk about where you pulled back the reins and how sustainable it is going forward?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
I think over the balance of the year we expect it to remain -- continue to remain very disciplined. It was, almost all areas of discretionary spending were examined closely. We realized going into the quarter, we knew that our revenue was going to be challenging. We said in January we expect a flat revenue versus the prior year and it's down about 2.4%, so we -- all areas of discretionary spending from purchased services to travel and entertainment, we just looked at ways to run the business more efficiently.
I guess the SG&A performance in the quarter was even with the -- I referenced the $2.5 million of higher pension expense, higher retail costs as well as some employee separation costs, the benefit of which we're going to experience over the balance of the year. We expect to keep a pretty tight hand on our spending over the balance of the year.
Edward Yruma - Analyst
Great and one final question. Was the Bates timing issue related to the quality issue that you had with some of those products last year? Thank you.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
No, it was not. Just the normal volatility that we experience in doing business with the government and their inventory levels.
Edward Yruma - Analyst
Thank you.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks, Ed.
Operator
Oliver Chen, Citi Research.
Oliver Chen - Analyst
Hi, it's Oliver for Kate McShane. Thanks, guys. Regarding Europe, and thanks for all the color around that, what about the remaining 50% ex-UK? Could you give us some color about what you may be seeing in the other Western Europe markets like Germany and Spain?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Yes, I would say Southern Europe has been especially challenged, maybe not as severe as the UK right now, but you take Spain and France and Italy and Portugal, I'm not even going to Greece, have all been impacted to a large extent. Germany for the moment has held up a little bit better but frankly, if you visit those countries and read all the reports like I read the reports, Europe right now is probably officially in another mild recession.
And it's probably going to remain in a mild recession as they put on the spending brakes and they put in some fiscal austerity and at the same time try to grow their economy, something that's frankly very difficult to do. So it isn't just one country. It isn't just the UK. It's really spread around Europe. I would say, though, that Scandinavia has probably held up a little bit better than some other pockets.
Oliver Chen - Analyst
What is the reason regarding Germany potentially holding up a little better than Southern Europe in the UK?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, I'm not an expert on the German economic policies, but they've been -- (multiple speakers) fundamentally the Germans make things the world wants to buy. Fundamentally. It can be a Mercedes, it can be a BMW, computerized milling equipment. You name it, fundamentally the Germans got ahead of the game, as they do, and they have very, very strong exports and that's held them up, as the drag on the rest of Europe has increased.
Oliver Chen - Analyst
Okay. Thanks so much for sharing those thoughts. Could we also ask regarding your Merrell Barefoot product, how would you speak to the nature of your competition? Is it competition within a roughly comparable price range or is the competitive landscape potentially less expensive product?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, I think it's a across the board. As you know, our industry has never been wanting for competitors. We're a very competitive, fragmented industry. It helps to be a first mover. Merrell was one of the very first movers in Barefoot. But I think to answer your question, some of it depends on how you define Barefoot. So one service defines it as zero drop from forefoot to heel. That's Barefoot natural running.
If you look at a broader category that includes that light weight running, that category had significant double-digit increases this year. So there's competition from other brands. There's competition at different price points, and Merrell's participating in that.
But more importantly, from day one, Merrell has had a 360-degree program. They've had a special education website. They are viewed by the specialty running community and the outdoor specialty community as being the experts here. They've held clinics. Their advertising has been focused on not wild claims, but education and that's helped make the Merrell offering authentic and desirable.
Oliver Chen - Analyst
Thank you. Our last question is related to your thoughts on what you're seeing in the M&A market. How do you think valuations are looking? Do you feel like there's a potential pick-up in activity in the marketplace at large?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, I think the M&A -- first of all, as we said in the past, Don and I remain focused on acquisitions. As a Company over the last 15 years, we're very good at bringing new brands, whether the underlying business is good or not so good, into the Company, nurturing them, giving them some global spread pretty quickly and providing some mass.
On a macro environment, we see, frankly, the tax uncertainty. What is the long-term capital gains rate going to be after December 31 of this year, is helping to create maybe a little bit more frothy M&A environment. People are just uncertain what's going to happen. Money, at least in the United States, remains relatively cheap by historical standards so that's probably also weighing into the minds of some sellers. So I can't say there has been a substantial uptick but I think the market's been pretty robust.
There's a macro trend going on around the world, not just here in the United States, and that trend is consolidation. Consolidation of brands and brand ownerships, but also consolidation at the retail level as well. We think it's going to continue.
Oliver Chen - Analyst
Thanks for all your strategic views, always extremely helpful and insightful.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Okay, thanks.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks.
Operator
Taposh Bari, Jefferies & Company.
Taposh Bari - Analyst
Hey, good morning. Nice job on the SG&A discipline, guys. So Don, I wanted to ask you a question. I know the backlog is going to become less meaningful or less disclosure so while I have you on the topic, so backlog down mid single digits, at once running up about 20%. So about 50/50 split. If you average those out, you get to about a high single digit aggregate growth rate.
And as I look at your implied revenue guidance for the rest of 2012, it looks like you're modeling roughly mid single digit type of revenue growth rate for 2Q through 4Q. Can you help me bridge that gap? I'm assuming that you're either not modeling a 20% prospective at once trend line or you're giving yourself some cushion on some increased cancellations. If you could just give me color on that.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
There are a lot of factors that go into it. Certainly there are assumptions regarding cancellation, there are assumptions regarding how the at-once orders, at-once business will be over the balance of the year. There's also the concept of what we call short future orders, orders that come in that are beyond what we would classify as an at-once order that still get shipped out in this fiscal year. I can appreciate the effort of trying to do the math on a quarter-by-quarter basis to kind of bridge.
But the backlog that we cited as down mid single digits, there's a different growth rate year-over-year comparison as you go Q2 versus Q3 versus Q4. So that's all reflected in the revenue guidance that we gave. I think it holds together fairly well, at least when I looked at the math and asked the challenging questions that I've asked internally. We're looking at flat to up low single digit revenues as in second quarter. Obviously stronger growth in the second half of the year as we get to the full year revenue guidance that we cited.
Taposh Bari - Analyst
I guess just as a follow-up, are you expecting or expecting this elevated level of at-once business to extend throughout the rest of the year or are you modeling something more conservatively. And then the second part of that question is, do you feel like your guidance adequately reflects increased European risks at this point?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
To the second question, yes. To the first question, I guess it depends on which at-once order trend you're talking about. Adjusted for Harley-Davidson and Bates in Q1, our at-once business is up in the high single digits. Q2 to date, for all brands in the portfolio, including Harley and Bates is up 20%. As I said in my prepared remarks, the last week they were up 30%. We're not modeling plus 30% or even plus 20% at-once business over the balance of the year, but we are projecting strong year-over-year increases in at once business in Q3 and Q4.
Taposh Bari - Analyst
Got it. That's helpful. The other question I had was I guess related to this re-composition of at-once versus pre-booked. How should we think about -- your inventories are in great shape, so how should we think about your view on inventories as I guess to Blake's point, there's more of an emphasis on vendors taking on inventory versus the retailers in the past as they move to a more at-once-dependent model?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
This is Blake. I guess fundamentally our view hasn't changed and that view is, and our philosophy is narrow and deep. So when you have half your business or this year maybe more than half your business done at- once, you've got to be narrow and deep in the right stuff.
You've got to carry a little bit of everything, but you've got to manage your supply chain extremely well and have on hand the key items that you believe are going to be desired. We had that in Q1. We have that in Q2. It's never perfect but we've been pretty good at it and frankly our philosophy hasn't changed over the last three or four years on that.
Taposh Bari - Analyst
I guess the number itself won't go -- I guess the number won't accelerate in terms of inventory growth. I guess the way to think about it is just re-composition within that existing inventory base, is that correct?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
In terms of having what we think is going to be in demand via at-once orders, yes, that's correct. In total inventory was up 6%. We have a stronger position in where we think the reorders will be coming from.
Taposh Bari - Analyst
Got it. That's very helpful. Thank you guys.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks.
Operator
Mitch Kummetz, Robert Baird.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Thank you. I think I've got a handful of questions here as well. Let me start by just following up on a couple of Taposh's questions. Again, I can appreciate you guys wanting to disclose less on the backlog. While we've got you, down mid single digits, could you just maybe talk about the split between Europe and US? Is the backlog worse for Europe, just given the conditions there or is it pretty similar between the two?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
No, Europe has been a drag both on sales and on backlog.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Okay. And then Don, on the at-once, clearly you've seen an acceleration in that, especially starting from the fourth quarter of last year. What exactly is your at-once assumption for Q2? Again, it doesn't sound like it's 20% but it's probably more than mid singles too.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
I don't want to get that granular. We typically don't give quarterly guidance at all but we wanted to be -- give a little helpful commentary given how helpful everyone said Q1 was and we actually, the tax benefit aside, we actually came in pretty, obviously close to plan on earnings per share. We wanted to give you guys a Q2 commentary, but trying to dig down into any further detail beyond what I've already given is probably just not productive. The more details I get the more wrong I will eventually be, so that's why I don't want to do that.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Okay. Fair enough. That means you're really not going to like this question.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Don't even ask it then.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
I've got to ask it. So for the back half of the year, when I just look at where consensus revenue numbers are for Q3 and Q4, consensus is like 10% growth in Q3, 13% in Q4. I'm guessing that the way you're thinking about the business you would expect revenues to be skewed more towards Q4 than Q3 relative to where consensus is right now. Is that fair or?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
To answer your question, yes. I don't have the consensus numbers for Q4 in front of me. But we certainly are expecting much stronger revenue growth in Q4 because that's the way our business is trending and also last year's Q4 revenue growth was only in the mid single digit range, 5% point something.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Yes, okay, that's what I thought. Two quick last items. Forgive me if you already said this and I didn't catch it. What was the impact of the military timing shift on Q1 revenues? Do you have a dollar impact for me?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
I'm just trying to take a look here. It's probably not precise. I would say mid to upper mid millions.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
I'm looking at our -- the brand that we're talking about, it's down in the mid single digit million range and most of that will be timing shift on military orders.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Since it's a timing shift, when will you expect to receive that? In Q2? In the back half?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
That's always the interesting question when dealing with the government.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
When we go into a fiscal year planning the Bates business, it's a different animal within the Company. We have certain assumptions about contracts that we're going to win that we haven't won yet and we have certain assumptions about contracts that we've already won, when the draws will take place on those contracts. So the Bates business tends to be more volatile because of those two factors.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Okay. And then last question, in terms of the FX impact, you called out what it was on the sales. Could you say what it was on the earnings? Then quickly, what you think FX impact on your full year sales and earnings outlook is?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Yes, on the full year, I think we said in the first quarter that we expected slight negative FX, I think negative FX translation, partially offset by FX contract gains. Given our current outlook on FX rates, we expect a very small, like $0.01 per share net tick up on EPS from FX with the negative translation more than offset by full year FX contract gains.
Mitch Kummetz - Analyst
Okay. All right. Great. Thanks. Good luck.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks Mitch.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Chris Svezia, Susquehanna Financial Group.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Good morning, everyone. Don, just so I'm up on the lingo for a second, can you remind me what you mean or define by slight and modest? You're talking slight full year gross margin improvement and modest SG&A deleverage. Remind us what --
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
We had this conversation before, have we not?
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Yes, we did have this conversation once before but I just want to make sure I've got this.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
For the benefit of the entire listening audience, and the world of Don Grimes, slight is generally in the 10 -- in the 10 to 20 basis point range. Modest would be something north of that, in the 20 to 40 basis point range and moderate is something above that. And then we get into the robust and strong and extraordinary type range. When I use those adjectives, I'm talking in that ballpark of basis points.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. Okay.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
And there's overlap I guess between those two, so it gives me some wiggle room.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Yes, I know. It would be nicer for a CFO guy just to put the numbers instead of using the fancy lingo, but then again. I'm curious, when you guys talk about more at-once business and the strength you're seeing in Q2, why would you make an assumption that gross margin given the comparisons year-over-year would still be flat to maybe down, assuming at-once is modestly higher margin, you have good inventory, just curious? Is it the mix and it's because Europe is weak? Maybe a little apparition there.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
It's sales mix is the primary driver. You would expect, you're right, you would expect in -- of course, Q2 is compared to Q2 last year, Q2 is more of an at-once quarter in general, the stronger at-once business you're right, in a vacuum that should result in positive gross margin comparisons. But it's mix issues that are bringing it down to that view that it will be slightly down versus the prior year.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. At-once, are you seeing any differences between US and the rest of the world, Canada, Europe obviously, is there any -- is there wild swings? You said up 20 to 30. Is that in total globally?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Europe I think has been negative even in at-once. Negative Europe is going to be a drag this year also in the at-once arena. Canada, I don't have the numbers right in front of me but Canada's really a reflection of the huge retail consolidation that's gone on over the last two years up there and getting that settled out with Mark's Warehouse, Forzani Group, Canadian Tire. Canada's seen a tremendous amount of consolidation at the retail level.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. And then on -- when you guys revised your revenue, annual revenue outlook, did you take into consideration how you're looking at the back half of this year? Because I think obviously making -- I think on the last call you made some assumptions about Q4, the comparisons and being somewhat optimistic. When you look at your revenue outlook for this year, did you take into consideration obviously Q1, Q2, but you also look at the back half as well and maybe temper some of that enthusiasm based on what you're seeing?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Definitely our view of the back half is reflected in our full-year revenue guidance, without question.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. Last question, I have just real quick, just on Barefoot Running in general as a category, I think some people might be getting concerned about the competitive dynamics, pricing, what you're seeing globally. Can you just maybe talk about ex-Barefoot what you're seeing in the Merrell brand in the business. In the past you talked about how that was still growing despite what you're doing in Barefoot. Give us some comfort about what's going on overall in the Merrell portfolio outside of Barefoot Running.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Clearly, there's beginning to become a little bit of a gray area between Barefoot, light running, and lightweight in general. And it's spreading across categories. Merrell of course as you know is one of the first brands in with Barefoot water product this year, casual product this year, walking product this year, but if we go down to the lowest level, Barefoot and natural running, that's a category that's still growing.
I know I've read a couple reports where people say maybe that pure sub-category is leveling off but I think it grew in the first quarter almost 40%. Of course, Merrell's growth in Barefoot was substantially above that percentage. So Merrell is certainly holding its own, given the increased competition. But Merrell's doing that with, as always, with great new product and great new product at different price points.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
The whole athletic lightweight trend, we don't see any let-up there. Barefoot is maybe a sub-category of that but we don't see any let-up there at all.
Chris Svezia - Analyst
Okay. All right. Well, thanks very much and best of luck.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Thanks, Chris.
Operator
Sam Poser, Sterne Agee.
Sam Poser - Analyst
Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Number one, when you said that you're going to get a tax benefit here, how should we think about -- I'm jumping way ahead but how should we think about the tax benefit into next year, or what the tax rate is? Are we looking at 27.5%?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Assuming the same mix of business next year as this year, yes. But again, I mentioned in my prepared remarks that the ruling, although it benefited 2012 by $5.5 million, really has a $1 million ongoing benefit to our tax expense.
Sam Poser - Analyst
Okay. And then Blake, how -- with the -- how much of this accelerated at-once business is the US, especially with the Merrell brand? And how much of that do you think is driven just in the last couple weeks by the Easter shift pulling business up a couple weeks from a year ago? And given that business tracked pretty well there, you'd be getting the orders now for that, and is that an effect, do you think?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Yes, maybe it's some effect, Sam, but if you look at Merrell -- first of all, it's been most noticeable here in the United States for Merrell. So the Merrell US business has been pretty robust. At-once has been very robust. And a lot of that is reflected in the US. Globally, it's probably more business as usual in international distributor markets, with the exception of Europe as I mentioned. The shift in Easter may have had some impact but quite honestly, we've seen the at-once business throughout this year steadily growing, being very good.
And frankly we expect it to continue, given the fact that the retailers have had a quarter to adjust their inventory levels, whether it's outerwear or ski products or snowshoes, but to get their inventory levels in line and now they're looking to fill in what's selling. Clearly, across outdoor specialty, specialty running shops and other distribution, Merrell's selling.
Sam Poser - Analyst
Lastly, because I think almost every other question's been covered, you called out in your prepared remarks that Chaco and Patagonia -- in the Outdoor Group between the two of you that Chaco and Patagonia business was up double digits in the quarter and -- but the total Outdoor Group was flat due to Europe. Can you give us -- because Merrell is the story in that whole group. Can we assume that the Merrell business was down in the quarter and up slightly in the US and down -- and then down more in Europe, driven by the UK? Am I thinking about that just in general?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
To say that the Outdoor Group is flat and Chaco and Patagonia had mid to upper single digit growth, you can do the math and say therefore Merrell must have been down and the biggest drag on Merrell's business was Europe.
Sam Poser - Analyst
Was the US Merrell business up?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
We're not going to comment on specific geographies beyond saying Europe was the most significant drag on Merrell in the quarter.
Sam Poser - Analyst
You've commented on specific geographies with other brands today so --
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
That doesn't mean we're going to give you every brand and every geography around the world.
Sam Poser - Analyst
But this is the biggest one. This is where the growth is. If business was down there and you're happy about the at-once, there's a lot of things moving around.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
All right, Sam. We'll give you this one. Merrell USA business in the quarter was flat. Was not down.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
You owe us one now.
Sam Poser - Analyst
I always owe you one. Anyway, thank you guys very much and good luck.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks.
Operator
Diana Katz, Lazard Capital Markets.
Diana Katz - Analyst
Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. I was wondering if you could dive a little bit more into gross margins, maybe parse out some of the buckets in the first quarter in terms of closeout sales, impact on gross margins. What happened with these closeouts, which brands, what was the retail benefit? And then maybe if you could give us some more color on what exactly are the mix issues, bringing gross margins down in 2Q. Is that Europe versus US? Thanks.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Sure. In Q1, I think as I mentioned in response to someone else's question, it might have been Ed Yruma. That our selling price increases in the quarter I said over 300 basis points, actually the math works out to about 360 basis points of gross margin benefit, which was more than offset by about 400 basis points of higher product costs.
We had about 60 basis points of FX benefit on gross margin in the quarter, primarily the FX contract gains that we had previously said we would realize in the first three quarters of the fiscal year. I think that works out to about 90 basis points of negative mix. We referenced higher closeout sales in the quarter.
Our closeout sales were 50% higher in the quarter, still small numbers but 50% higher at a slightly lower gross margin than we had in Q1 of last year so that was the biggest contributor to the negative mix in the quarter, that was a gross margin drag.
Diana Katz - Analyst
And then for 2Q?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
In Q2, closeout, primarily European closeout which was a drag on Q2 gross margin.
Diana Katz - Analyst
That's a mix that's bringing it down?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Yes.
Diana Katz - Analyst
Okay. And then for the year, the acceleration you're planning, so that's just US-based?
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
In terms of gross margin?
Diana Katz - Analyst
I'm sorry, on the revenue line.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Oh, I'm sorry, revenue.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
That would be across the board. It's really, for us it's a bottoms-up analysis by brand, by country, by key accounts. So it's a very detailed bottoms-up analysis, to the extent you can look in the future eight or nine months, and it includes our view on distributor and licensee business owned operations.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
If you look at our -- Diana, our non-US business, about half of it is in the EMEA region and half of it is in the rest of the world. We certainly aren't very bullish about the growth for Europe over the balance of the year but the non-US business excluding EMEA we expect nice back-half growth as well as nice back-half growth from the US, and the recent at-once order trends support our views on that.
Diana Katz - Analyst
Okay. What about Canada, how do you view the market in Canada for the rest of the year?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Certainly more stable than Europe and delivering some growth for the rest of the year. Much smaller piece of our overall business, of course.
Diana Katz - Analyst
Okay. And then just if you could help us think more big picture internationally with the two recent joint ventures, how quickly can these ramp up to meaningfully impact your bottom line? How big of markets can these become?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Well, I think everyone is obviously unique and very different. This year, these two joint ventures in '12 will have some very small impact -- relatively small impact on our top line. They'll probably frankly be dilutive by a $0.02 a share, taken together. This will be an investment year but we have our plans in place. Our plans are reasonable, but probably a little conservative for these two ventures, of course, and the potential is certainly bigger than our internal plans.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
There's certainly some --
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Just if you look at Colombia for example, it's a country where Western global brands have some presence but still it's a country of 50 million people with a lot of money to spend that's primarily focused on local brands and local retailers. So when you talk about bringing our portfolio, wholesale and retail, on the ground in Colombia with an established operator, a partner that we've known for 30 years who already has the infrastructure, it's going to be a much quicker win potentially than some other markets.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
There's some start-up costs in the India venture that we're not really incurring as much in Colombia because in Colombia we're buying a 49% stake in an existing business and then we're jointly creating a new -- there's two joint ventures in Colombia and one in India. We're in more of an investment phase in India in year one, but Colombia should be accretive from the get-go.
Diana Katz - Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks.
Operator
Jonathon Grassi, Longbow Research.
Jonathon Grassi - Analyst
Two quick questions. First, can you discuss Cushe's presence in the US? It sounds like it's a pretty good opportunity and I believe you guys said you're going to be in about 50 more doors by the year end. How many doors are you in right now? Which doors and can you just talk about how the sell-through has been relative to expectations?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Yes, Cushe continues to grow, frankly, quite nicely. We have it already in about 99 markets around the world. About 40% of its business is here in the US. I don't have the exact number of doors in front of me, but the US distribution would -- it would go from Nordstrom, high-end specialty independents, the Tannery in Boston. It would extend down to flip-flop shops, in Canada, the Forzani Group, REI, in the UK, shoes, in the Action Sports surf shop arena, Maui Nix, Cocoa Beach, any number of distributions.
The Cushe product just remains great. As you know, in our industry, it always starts with product, product, product. The Cushe product is simply excellent. Cushe's had a substantial interest with retailers in expanding its surf slipper line and also its sandals, but has had some other wins as well. Again, not a huge business compared to our $1.4 billion, $1.5 billion business right now, but a brand that's special and has lots of potential.
Jonathon Grassi - Analyst
Okay. Thanks. Then just lastly on the Merrell Barefoot, how has the performance of that been in the big box sporting good channel versus the run specialty channel?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
It started off last year a little weak, as you might expect. It's a new concept, does better in a full service environment, a sit and fit environment, but performance even in the big box arena has picked up steadily as that -- initially that running community and now other consumers start to understand the concept and the product.
Jonathon Grassi - Analyst
Is the incremental strength in demand that we're seeing for the product right now, is that coming from the specialty run channel or is that coming from the big box channel?
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
Across the board.
Jonathon Grassi - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Andrew Burns, D.A. Davidson.
Andrew Burns - Analyst
Good morning. Thanks for taking all the questions here. Could you talk about minimalist footwear growth outside of the US, just talking about development of the market, say in Europe versus the US in terms of where you are for consumer adoption? And what you're doing in terms of marketing investments or what have you, to ignite or accelerate consumer interest outside the US in minimalist footwear? Thanks.
Blake Krueger - Chairman of the Board, CEO, President
I would say certain parts of the world, Europe and some other markets, are basically where the US was a year ago. This is a trend, this is an idea. This is a book that was published in the US to begin with and the US is clearly the home for this concept. It's catching on in Europe. The running community certainly is global, not limited to any particular country.
And as you know, with our international network of distributors and licensees, we have the ability to get a unique, new, incremental concept to the consumers quickly. In a lot of these markets you're going to find Merrell is going to be the clear market leader. The strategy for introduction around the world really hasn't changed. It's still that 360-degree approach from a website devoted to Barefoot Running to seminars to helping educate the specialty running shops in these different geographies. So it's a full 360-degree approach.
Andrew Burns - Analyst
Thanks and good luck.
Don Grimes - SVP, CFO and Treasurer
Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. At this time, we have no further questions. I would now like to turn the call over to Ms. Christi Cowdin. You may proceed.
Christi Cowdin - Director IR & Communications
Thanks, Andrew. On behalf of Wolverine Worldwide I would like to thank you all for joining us today, and as a reminder our conference call replay is available on our website at www.wolverineWorldWide.com, and that replay will be available through July 10, 2012. Thank you. And good day.
Operator
Once again, the conference has ended. You may disconnect your line. Thank you.