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Operator
You can begin.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Okay. Usually there is an introduction, Operator, by you. Frank, I guess go ahead and proceed. Are we live, Operator?
Operator
Yes, you are live.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Okay. Go ahead, Frank.
Frank Shea - EVP and Chief Risk and Admin Officer
Good evening, everyone, and welcome to the World Fuel Services first quarter 2010 conference call. I am Frank Shea, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk and Administrative Officer and I am doing the introductions on this evenings call. With us, as we have been doing in recent quarters, a live slide presentation.
This call is also available by our webcast. To access this webcast or future webcasts, please visit our website, www.wfscorp.com and click on the webcast icon.
With us on the call today are Paul Stebbins, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Michael Kasbar, President and Chief Operating Officer; Ira Birns, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Paul Nobel, Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer.
By now, you should have all received a copy of our earnings release. If not, you can access our release at our website.
Before we get started, I would like to review World Fuel's Safe Harbor statement. Any statements made or discussed today that do not constitute or are not historical facts, particularly comments regarding World Fuel's future plans and expected performance, are forward-looking statements that are based on assumptions that management believes are reasonable but are subject to a range of uncertainties and risks that could cause World Fuel's actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking information.
The summary of some of the risk factors that could cause results to materially differ from our projections can be found in our Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We will begin with several minutes of prepared remarks which will then be followed by a question-and-answer period. At this time I would like to introduce our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Paul Stebbins.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Thank you Frank. Good afternoon and thank you for joining us. Today we announced earnings of $33.7 million or $0.56 per diluted share for the first quarter of fiscal 2010. Our returns on equity, working capital and invested capital were strong this quarter and our excellent cash position and overall liquidity continued to support our ability to fund organic and strategic growth. We are pleased with our strong first quarter results and are optimistic about our prospects for the balance of this year.
In our marine segment, we posted a sequential quarter-over-quarter increase in volume of 5%, the first quarterly increase since the second quarter of 2008. And while the shipping market remained generally challenged in Q1, we began to see signs of recovery.
Each segment had its own unique challenges. The container market still faced a weak rate environment and the prospect of additional capacity entering the market. However, those companies with sufficient scale to drive cost efficiencies will ultimately benefit from the rationalization of service in the market.
The bulk market continued to demonstrate resilience in line with the global demand for raw materials, particularly in China, where persistent drought and record steel production drove increases in iron ore and coal imports. Every indication is that this trend will continue throughout this year.
More difficult to predict is the tanker market whose fortunes rise and fall with the energy complex. What seems clear is that best in class companies in this space have good balance sheets and continue to invest in fleet modernization.
Any improvement in the world economy will certainly benefit this sector as we demand -- as the demand for energy increases.
Overall, 2009 was a very tough year for the shipping industry, but we believe the worst may be over and demand patterns are expected to improve in sync with the global economy. And while many of our competitors have been fighting to survive throughout this difficult period, we have taken the opportunity to refine and strengthen our offering by continuing to invest in marketing, customer facing technology, internal training and talent development.
Our business model will continue to focus on tight execution. And as it evolves and achieves ever greater competitive differentiation, we believe we stand to benefit as the operating environment improves.
Aviation had another strong quarter with continued growth in our commercial, corporate and government activity. Volume was up 3% sequentially and 51% year over year, while operating profits achieved record levels in the quarter and increased 129% year over year. We have addressed new customers and, significantly, we have added new customers and significantly expanded our relationship with existing customers.
The team is executing well and our credit discipline remains tight. We are excited about opportunities to expand our position at European and Asian airports, while in the US we continue to grow volume at key locations.
The success of these initiatives reflects the continued evolution of our business model and we are excited about our opportunities in the market. Overall, industry conditions have continued to improve despite the negative impact on traffic associated with the recent volcanic corruption in Iceland. While passenger traffic is up only slightly year-over-year, cargo traffic has posted strong growth.
In our land segment, we are pleased to announce an agreement to acquire the wholesale motor fuel distribution assets of Lakeside Oil Company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Lakeside represents an additional 350 million gallons of volume and will continue our strategic expansion into this space while keeping our relationships with our existing supply partners.
As the economy shows greater signs of recovery, we remain confident about the prospects for continued growth as the year progresses. Our balance sheet remains strong, providing liquidity to fund organic growth as well as additional strategic opportunities.
As discussed at our analyst day, we have established ourselves as a key player in the supply chain, developed a robust service offering to the energy and transportation industries, and built a platform for sustainable success into the future. We are proud to be ranked fourth on the 10-year total shareholder return in the recently released 2010 Fortune 500 and we aspire to keep our standing into the future.
We appreciate your continued support and I will now turn the call over to Ira for a detailed financial review.
Ira Birns - EVP and CFO
Thank you, Paul, and good afternoon, everyone. Consolidated revenue in the first quarter was $3.9 billion, up 11% sequentially, but up 95% compared to the first quarter of last year.
The year-over-year change in revenues is impacted by the increase in crude oil prices from an average of $43.00 per barrel in the first quarter of 2009 compared to an average of $79.00 per barrel in the first quarter of this year.
The aviation segment generated revenues of $1.5 billion, up $107 million or 8% sequentially, and up $750 million or up 106% year over year. While approximately 60% of the sequential increase was the result of higher average fuel prices, approximately 40% was a result of an increase in volume.
Our marine segment revenues were $2.1 billion, up $249 million or 13% sequentially, and up nearly $1 billion or 90% year over year. Approximately 67% of the sequential increase was the result of higher average bunker fuel prices during the quarter, with 33% related to increased volume.
And finally, the land segment generated revenues of $360 million, up 5% compared to last quarter and up $159 million or 79% year over year. The entire amount of the sequential increase was due to increased volume.
Our aviation segment sold 622 million gallons of fuel during the first quarter, up 3% sequentially and up 47% year over year, representing the highest level of quarterly volume since the record volume posted in the first quarter of 2008 and sequential volume growth for the fourth straight quarter.
The trough in our aviation volume occurred during the first quarter of 2009 when the entire industry was cutting back capacity and we were shedding higher risk business to reduce credit risk in what was an extremely fragile business environment. Just one year later, our aviation segment has increased volume by approximately 200 million gallons per quarter, principally driven by significant increases in sales to commercial passenger, cargo, and government customers.
As Paul mentioned earlier, the disruption caused by the volcanic corruption in Iceland in mid-April should not have a meaningful impact on our second quarter results.
Our marine segment's total business activity for the first quarter was 5.5 million metric tons up 5% from last quarter and up 1% year over year. While volumes in our marine segment have remained stable over the past few quarters and we experienced modest growth this past quarter, the core marine markets we serve remain soft.
Therefore, we continue to exercise our prudent approach to managing risk.
Fuel reselling activities constituted approximately 79% of total marine business activity in the quarter, in line with the average percentage over the past several quarters.
Our land segment sold 163 million gallons during the first quarter, up 3% sequentially and up 22% from last year's first quarter. The year-over-year increase was driven in part by the acquisitions of Henty and TGS, as well as growth in our international businesses in Brazil and the UK.
As we announced a few weeks ago, our acquisition of Lakeside Oil Company with 2009 volumes of over 350 million gallons is expected to close within 60 days. On a pro forma basis, including Lakeside, our annual land volume will reach approximately 1 billion gallons, nearly four times the annual volume we achieved only three years ago.
We are excited to welcome the Lakeside team to World Fuel and we look forward to their contribution to the continued growth of our land business.
Consolidated gross profit for the first quarter was $99 million, a decrease of $3 million worth 3% sequentially, but an increase of $12 million or 13% compared to the first quarter of last year. Our aviation segment contributed $48 million in gross profit, a decrease of $700,000 or 1% sequentially, but up $16 million or 51% compared to the first quarter of last year.
While activity levels may vary from quarter to quarter, we continue to benefit from an increased level of government business as well as overall capacity and demand increases in the commercial passenger and cargo businesses.
Our [cell] supply models' jet fuel inventory position was approximately 40 million gallons or $80 million at the end of the first quarter, an increase of only 2 million gallons from the end of the fourth quarter and an increase of $5 million, principally due to the increased level of inventory. As we have for the past several quarters, we didn't realize a benefit from inventory average costing again this quarter. However, the benefit of approximately $2 million to $2.5 million was smaller than the benefit realized in the past three quarters.
The marine segment generated gross profit of $39 million, a decrease of $2 million from last quarter and a decrease of $8 million compared to last year's strong first quarter results. Although we have begun to see signs of a recovery in some end markets, at this point, it is difficult to determine what impact this may have on volume or profitability over the next few quarters.
The strategic investments we have made in our business during the downturn, and the shipping markets leave us well poised to capitalize on profitable growth opportunities as these end markets recover.
Our land segment delivered gross profit of $11.1 million in the first quarter, down $600,000 sequentially but up $2.8 million worth 34% year over year primarily attribute of Henty and TGS. Our branded and unbranded wholesale distribution businesses were impacted by poor winter weather in the first, quarter, But we anticipate continued growth in this segment, both organically and through future acquisition opportunities, like the Lakeside transaction announced a few weeks ago.
As announced on April 7, we expect the Lakeside acquisition to be accretive to earnings by $0.06 to $0.08 in the first 12 months post-closing.
Operating expenses in the first quarter excluding our provision for bad debt were $56.3 million, flat sequentially but up $2.6 million compared to the first quarter of 2009. Excluding the impact of acquisitions which were not included in first quarter 2009 results, operating expenses were up only $900,000 year over year.
We remain committed to managing expenses carefully while gaining scale and leveraging our investment in people and technology across the business. For modeling purposes, I would assume overall operating expenses excluding bad debt expense of approximately $57 million to $60 million in the second quarter of 2010.
Our total accounts receivable balance was approximately $1 billion at the end of the first quarter, up roughly $85 million from the fourth quarter, principally due to volume growth in all three segments during the quarter. Our accounts receivable reserve remains at approximately 2% of the total portfolio at the end of the first quarter and we feel that we continue to be adequately reserved.
Our bad debt provision in the first quarter was approximately $400,000, down $1.5 million compared to last quarter and down approximately $100,000 compared to the first quarter of 2009. The sequential reduction in our bad debt provision was primarily driven by the increased quality of our receivables portfolio, offset in part by a modest increase in fuel prices in the first quarter.
Consolidated income from operations for the first quarter was $42 million, a decrease of $1.8 million sequentially but up $9 million or 27% year over year. Income from operations for our aviation segment reached $27 million, a record level for the second consecutive quarter. This represents an increase of $2 million or 7% sequentially and $15 million or 129% compared to the first quarter of 2009.
Our marine segment income from operations was $20 million for the first quarter, a sequential decrease of $4 million and a decline of $9 million from last year's first quarter.
Our land segment had income from operations of $2.3 million, down $800,000 sequentially, but up over $1.2 million year over year.
The Company had other expenses, principally net interest expense and other financing costs of $600,000 for the first quarter, a decrease of approximately $200,000 from the fourth quarter, and a decrease of approximately $800,000 from the first quarter of 2009. Excluding any foreign exchange impact, I would assume other expenses to be approximately $800,000 to $1.3 million in the second quarter.
The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter was 18.5%, generally consistent with the 19.4% rate in the fourth quarter and the 18.7% rate in the first quarter of last year. Our first quarter tax rate is below the range that I provided on last quarter's call, principally due to a larger than expected sequential increase in the percentage of foreign earnings in our aviation business, taxed at much lower rates than our domestic earnings.
We estimate that our effective tax rate for the second quarter and for the balance of 2010 should be between 18 and 22%. Our net income for the first quarter was $33.7 million, a decrease of approximately $800,000 compared to the fourth quarter, but an increase of $8 million or 31% year over year.
Diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2010 was $0.56, a decrease of $0.01 sequentially but an increase of $0.12 or 27% year over year.
As discussed during our recent analyst day event in New York, we continue to leverage our value added business model to generate returns well in excess of our cost of capital. Our return on invested capital was 18% in the first quarter, compared to 19% in the fourth quarter and 17% in the first quarter of last year, all consistently well above our cost of capital.
Our net trade cycle decreased slightly from 6.7 days to 6.5 days during the first quarter. Our return on working capital in the first quarter was 57%. This strong result demonstrates our continued focus on managing our investment in working capital while generating solid returns.
Despite the increases in fuel prices, we generated approximately $17 million of operating cash flow in the first quarter. This resulted in an ending cash position of $311 million which, when combined with our generally unutilized committed liquidity facilities, provides us with significant capital to grow the business and drive even greater value to our shareholders.
In closing, we have continued to perform well despite volatile global economic conditions. We announced that immediately accretive strategic acquisition that shows our commitment to growing the land segment. We delivered record results in our aviation business and our marine business increased volumes for the first time since the second quarter of 2008.
The strength of our balance sheet and our solid liquidity position will enable us to continue to drive further growth across all three segments of our business. We will look to continue to utilize our cost-efficient business model to gain scale while driving profitable growth.
And finally, we remain committed to achieving operational excellence while maintaining a strong financial profile, returning value to our customers, suppliers and shareholders.
At this point, I would like to turn the call over to our operator to open the call up to questions and answers.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). George Pickral with Stephens.
George Pickral - Analyst
Paul, sorry if I missed this, but can you kind of give your outlook on the marine side? I think you said you were cautious, but we saw a few [global] companies report this morning, and they seem pretty bullish on the demand side. So maybe can you talk about how you feel about that market in particular and then your other markets? And I guess just your overall feel of the marine market going forward?
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Sure. I mean you have heard me say in many calls over the years that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. So we take a cautious view just given the fact that we don't have a wholesale, what I think with anybody would feel comfortable in saying is a robust economic recovery on a global basis.
And as you know, shipping -- which is kind of the infrastructure which is moving all the goods as we've talked about -- 80% of the world's goods are being transported by ship, we watch carefully just to make sure that the signs of recovery are real, that these are durable, that they go deep into the economies and that the changes are something that we think are sustainable.
So we approach the market with just a bit of what we think is just prudent caution. When we look at the drive belt market, we are actually quite happy to see that there has been a robust recovery. And I think that that has to do with what is going on primarily in China and India. And you're right.
Some of the bulk carriers that are announcing are of course very, very happy to see that the turn and the strong demand. You have the drought in China. It's putting pressure on hydroelectric power. You've got imports of coal that are helping to supply power. You have got the issue around steel production. China continues to make huge investments in infrastructure.
So I think the longer-term question becomes, is it sustainable? Is it durable? Can China keep the machine going?
I don't know the answer to that any more than anybody on this call or anybody listening in, I doubt. I mean we hope that that is the case, but I can't give you any particular divine insight into that.
When we look around the rest of the market, I think the tanker market is very much a function of what happens in the energy complex. If the economy begins to fundamentally turn, then you are going to see a more robust consumption pattern in energy that will drive the tanker activity.
I think that our own feeling is that, long term, oil isn't going anywhere. We happen to be sort of in the Rex Tillerson camp that no matter how much we do on renewables and how much we do on efficiency, fundamentally a very huge percentage of energy consumptions are going to be around fossil fuel-based energy sources. And that means that the tanker activity long term is going to be there.
I think the well-managed companies that are making the investments in modernized fleets will have a role to play and they are going to do well over time. And you know many of those companies as well as we do. And that happens to be our target class of customers so we feel good about our relationship there. As their business expands, so will ours.
And just like those tanker companies, we are making investments during sort of the downturn. It is the same thing we did as well.
When you look at the container site, it's a little bit more complex. I would say that, on the one hand, you have seen Evergreen shipping out there saying that they are going to look to put in $5 billion or 100 ships worth of orders on new buildings. This is a company that avoided a lot of the overexpansion during the boom years, but is now looking to replace its fleet. Now when you see indications like that out there in the market, that is very encouraging to us and it does show some positive signs of change.
But at the same token, you have also got thousands of ships that are still laid up in various markets around the world. And I think that you'll notice that whether it is A.P. Moller or whether it is the Tung family at OOCL, every one of these major enterprise principals are basically saying that the container market is still quite fragile. That if you were to have a radical influx of capacity into the market, you could [upsite] what is sort of a tentative stabilization of rates. So there is a great deal of kind of wait and see.
So at a macro view, we don't have any particular wisdom on what is going to drive the macro economic backdrop. So we are just kind of taking a wait and see.
So I would say our cautious optimism is also mixed with just a cautious view that we don't want to get out over our skis. But you did see some increases in our volume. That shows our commitment to want to start taking some market share and to get back into the game perhaps a little bit more aggressively than we have in the past.
George Pickral - Analyst
That's great color. Thanks for that. Following up on your last comment there, about increasing volume and taking share. By my calculation your blended spread was about $7.16 on the marine side.
Were you opportunistically taking share of lower margin or just naturally lower margin customers? Or is there something --?
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
I would say that -- yes, the focus is on the highest class quality customer. That continues to be our discipline driven by Frank and his team and that is reflected a little bit in the margin.
But I would say that it's -- within sort of a movable range and band, that margin doesn't surprise us. It is sort of consistent.
But I think at the end of the day, as you know we have said this in the past, there has been a tremendous amount of session and sort of focus on the marine spread. At the end of the day, we are driving gross profit and we are driving the overall enterprise success. So it is the ultimate financial well-being of the Company that we are concerned about.
And if we can drive a robust gross profit, we are less -- you know as a company, we are less focused on that individual spread. I think ultimately it is about having a differentiated offering in the market that is second to none by continuing to make the investments and technology people, training, and making our service offering something that is not easily replicated by any other player.
And at the end of the day, we think that as the market returns to some sort of normalcy and even growth, we are going to be in a phenomenal position to take advantage of that. And we have a level of execution excellence that I think is second to none.
So our focus is going to be on driving gross profit in general, not so much focused on just that individual spread.
George Pickral - Analyst
Great. Thanks for that. Switching over to aviation, again sorry if I missed this, but you mentioned growing your exposure in Asia and Europe.
I know you don't give sector breakdowns in terms of percentage of your revenue, but can you (multiple speakers), can you maybe talk about -- well you have in the past talked about targeting business or maybe targeting other sectors --.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Sure and I'm sorry, the talk, I mean I know it's tough sometimes and I am not known for speaking slowly, but the focus of that comment on Europe and Asia had to do with our expansion on our supply side. As you know the history of our self supply model and a lot of what we developed and successfully transforming our strategy from going to being sort of a small regional back-to-back reseller to a more robust global enterprise that's focused on supply had to do with our ability to generate self supply opportunities in key locations in the domestic United States that led to our inventory positions.
And it changed the scope of our ability to play in the supply chain and it allowed us to add a whole new level of value to our supply partners as well as to our customers. We think that was a very successful model. What we are beginning to see some early signs of, and we are excited about, is that there seem to be some similar opportunities to develop these models in the European theater, perhaps in the CIS, and also we see some -- even some indications in Asia.
Historically, these have been markets that have been very closed and very controlled at the airport level. But there is some indication that this is changing. The regulatory environment is changing in Europe. There is pressure within the EU and sort of deregulation to open up some of these markets. We think this is good news and it suits our model uniquely -- the fact that we are in a position to manage the short position, the ability to actually be able to finance cell supply, these are all very good things for us.
So the comment is around the fact that not only has our customer expansion been robust, but we think that the success of our model in the United States and being able to self supply and open up these airports has some early signs of potential to develop in the European theater in Asia. So that is good news and we are excited about that.
George Pickral - Analyst
Thanks for the clarification. And last question then I will turn it over. This might be for Mike or maybe Paul, you can take this one too.
Not to get too far ahead of ourselves here, but is there a land opportunity in developing nations? I mean, I know the focus right now is mostly on the US and you have some exposure in Britain. But is this something that you could take to Asia or Africa or Eastern Europe?
Michael Kasbar - Pres and COO
Yes. You know, what we've been seeing over the last three to four years with the retreat from the downstream market and the fragmentation that's been going on in the US is happening, really, worldwide. It has been going on in Europe for a number of years. We are seeing it alter on Africa, BP, Totale, Shell. We are seeing it in New Zealand, Australia.
So yes. That is occurring. Right now, we are staying focused on our core areas of the UK, Brazil and the United States and, obviously, the Lakeside acquisition. You know, we think that the good old U. S. of A. provides us with great opportunity to safely expand and consolidate our position here. But we certainly are looking at those opportunities and we are conservative.
We are building it, brick by brick, but you know, we do see it as a global business. You've heard the stats in terms of the land and the growth. It has been a slow burn, but we do see it as a global business.
George Pickral - Analyst
Thanks for the time.
Operator
Jon Chappell with JPMorgan.
Jon Chappell - Analyst
Thanks. Good afternoon. You guys both mentioned, Ira and Paul, investments in people and technology. And from what I'm to understand, the investments in technology are probably pretty much behind you with the European system.
But the sellers and wages is actually down as a percentage of gross profit. How much more volume, how any more acquisitions can you do to add scale, complement your current businesses without having to add significant headcount?
Ira Birns - EVP and CFO
It's a great question. Probably not the easiest question to answer in a finite fashion. You know, you recognize that comp as a percentage of EP is down. We've done a good job there. That number will bounce around from quarter to quarter. We are clearly at the point where we don't need to hire at the rate we were hiring in 2007, for example.
But there are still opportunities to add key personnel to all three of our businesses, even in some of our corporate back-office functions. But we do have more leverage.
As we buy more acquisitions, we should be able to improve that metric over the long term.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
I would also say to add on to your question about technology investment, yes. The ERP platform that we put in was of, as you know, a major undertaking and we are very happy to have the bulk of that behind us.
But as we get past all of the fundamental ERP thing, as we continue to refine our model, what we are finding is there are some pretty exciting opportunities to use technology on the customer interfacing side, which are really commercially driven ways to entangle customer and supply as opposed to just managing all of the compliance and all of the internal control and management of information globally, which was pretty critical to the backbone of our model.
But when we look down the road and we look out a couple of years, we think strategically some of the differentiation is going to be around the ability to be easy to do business with. And technology is a great way to do that. And I think that as we were in this sort of difficult economic trough, it was a good time for us to step back and take the time to make some of those investments and begin to lay out maps strategically, how those offerings could actually put a much greater gap between us and the competitive landscape.
So technology never is something that just stops. It is an ongoing investment and it is something that we think is an integral part of our offering and we are excited about it. But no, are we going back to the levels investment that we saw in the ERP. We don't really see that.
But to say that we just stopped everything and there is no more technology investment, that would not be true either.
Jon Chappell - Analyst
Okay. Fair enough.
On the Lakeside acquisition, the way I interpret it, it seems pretty similar to the TGS petroleum acquisition from last year. The distribution business, branded business which is, I think, higher margin than some of the other potential land businesses.
First of all, is that correct? And then, second of all, what is the competition like in that region? It seems to be an extension of your Midwest presence? And are there further opportunities to continue to build out as let's call Chicago like a hub for Midwest part of this land business?
Michael Kasbar - Pres and COO
: A lot of, a lot of questions there. So I think the Lakeside business is similar from the viewpoint that we are looking at a distribution model that is based on contracts. We like that. We are leveraging what we started out in [Textor] back in June of 2008.
So it really is a plug and play from the perspective that we understand the business extremely well and we have been building the platforms. So our intention is to continue to grow that space and add on to that.
So it's back to your previous question in terms of standardizing and optimizing a lot of what we're doing. So it's a little bit different from TGS to the extent that we really didn't bring over -- you know, we brought four people over with TGS. This is a little bit different than that acquisition in the sense that we've got a management team that is sticking with the operation. It's in Milwaukee. TGS was right in Chicago.
So all we had to do was take that business and basically move over the contracts. And we picked up a couple of salespeople and a couple of back office people.
Lakeside is slightly different because it's Milwaukee. It is about 90 miles away and we do have an actual management team there. It will extend our range into a little broader geography. We've got a couple of different things that we are doing there, which we are delighted with. So just sort of expands and grows our whole land business.
So, but it is very much dropped into that business segment.
Jon Chappell - Analyst
Are there a lot of other Lakesides or Textors out there?
Michael Kasbar - Pres and COO
Many.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Yes, just to add to what Mike said on some of your other questions. One of your questions was, it related to margins. I think in the branded space it's fair to say that the margin profile can vary significantly from state to state to state. So it is not necessarily the case that margins would be higher than our average profile.
But whatever they may be, the model obviously has a cost profile that matches up with a margin profile and still results in a pretty good result for us at the end of the day. And whether it be the Illinois area where we have already bought TGS or now Lakeside that is actually in Wisconsin and Minnesota, yes, there are opportunities to further grow in that region alone on top of the other regions of the country, where there may be similar opportunities that we haven't found yet.
Jon Chappell - Analyst
Okay. Very helpful. Thanks.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Steve Ferazani with Sidoti & Company.
Steve Ferazani - Analyst
Second straight quarter we have seen the tax rate below 20%. I know, Ira, you commented on this a little bit. Are we seeing a long-term global shift or global mix shift that could sustain it below the 20% level? I mean, what are you seeing now?
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
You know it is tough to ever talk long term in this business. I would say that in the short term, we have been consistently below 20%, if you look at the results. Actually the result of 2009 was in the low 20s. The first quarter of 2009 matched up pretty closely with the first quarter of '10. Last two quarters were both below 19%.
I would say it's fair to assume that that -- that could continue in the short term, but as the business evolves, Lakeside, as an example, while it is not going to contribute a very large percentage to our overall profitability, that is going to be taxed at the highest domestic rates. That would have a negative impact on the tax rate beginning in the third quarter.
So depending upon where the growth opportunities are, that number could still vary as it has even though I've tried my best to give some reasonable guidance. That is the one area where we lost and missed a bit just because of the tremendous difference between rates from our lowest taxed income in the world to our highest taxed income. And that mix could change from quarter to quarter.
But what we see now in the shorter term, that's why I was willing to offer up an estimate for the full year. You know, we see the number somewhere either in the very high teens or very low 20s. And if that changes we will let you know next quarter.
Steve Ferazani - Analyst
How much of this is related to the government aviation contract? Is that pushing down?
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
That is one of the many pieces but that's one that has a positive benefit on the tax rate but there are other pieces that do as well.
Steve Ferazani - Analyst
Can you comment at all about how that contract is going and whether it is leading you to pursue other DOD type contracts? And where that could go in terms of being a volume driver?
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
As you may know, we first got into the government contracting business back in the late 1980s when we were still a private company before we were even sold as a marine entity to World Fuel. So it's been some resident expertise for a long time. It has been part of our ongoing business. It comes and goes, just depending on what the tendering cycles are.
It is something that we view -- we believe is a good business to be in, because there's a very high level of logistical expertise associated with that business. And that is very strategically valuable to us because it drives certain economies to scale and it drives certain kinds of disciplines or other commercial activity on the back of that.
So we continue to just monitor the tendering process. We participate from time to time, depending on where our capabilities might be, and so it's been part of our business. It is not new in that sense. It has always been kind of a part of our thing and we think that the team does a very good job and whether one of the things that may be of interest over time, we don't know, is that as the land business expands, we may find some opportunities there. Because historically, the military activity has primarily been concentrated in marine and aviation. But there may be some opportunities on the land side. We are exploring that.
Steve Ferazani - Analyst
Last one for me was just on the bad debt expense. If you are pursuing the higher quality customers, does that mean you have higher quality receivables? We can expect that number could remain at a lower level? I know you don't guide for that line.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Yes, clearly, the quality of receivables is a key factor in the overall reserve methodology that we utilize. But in saying that, there is a very broad mix. We had $1 billion worth of receivables at the end of this quarter and that includes customers of many different shapes and sizes and there are a lot of factors that go into calculating that reserve.
So it's tough to give any more formal guidance than that going forward.
Paul Stebbins - Chairman and CEO
Fair enough. Thanks a lot, everyone.
Operator
And there are no further questions at this time.
Frank Shea - EVP and Chief Risk and Admin Officer
Thank you very much for joining us this afternoon and we will look forward to speaking to you at the end of Q2. Take care.
Operator
Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.