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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Twin Disc, Incorporated, first-quarter fiscal 2014 financial results conference call. (Operator Instructions) I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Stan Berger. Please go ahead, sir.
Stan Berger - IR
Thank you, Camille. On behalf of the management of Twin Disc, we are extremely pleased that you have taken the time to participate in our call and thank you for joining us to discuss the Company's fiscal 2014 first-quarter financial results and business outlook.
Before I introduce management, I would like to remind everyone that certain statements made during the course of this conference call, especially those that state management's intentions, hopes, beliefs, expectations, or predictions for the future are forward-looking statements. It is important to remember that the Company's actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements is contained in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K, copies of which may be obtained by contacting either the Company or the SEC.
By now you should have received a copy of the news release, which was issued this morning before the market opened. If you have not received a copy, please call Annette Mianecki at 262-638-4000, and she will send a copy to you.
Hosting the call today are Michael Batten, Twin Disc Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; John Batten, President and Chief Operating Officer; and Chris Eperjesy, the Company's Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer. At this time I will turn the call over to Michael Batten. Mike?
Michael Batten - Chairman, CEO
Thank you, Stan, and I would also like to add my welcome to you all to our first-quarter 2014 conference call. Today we will depart a little bit from our normal call format, and I'm going to ask John to take the lead to provide you with a brief review of the results of the first fiscal quarter as well as his outlook for the year. I will return at the end of the call with some concluding remarks. John?
John Batten - President, COO
Thank you, Mike, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our fiscal 2014 first-quarter conference call. As usual, we will begin with a short summary statement and then Mike, Chris, and I will be happy to take your questions.
First I would like to cover just a few of the highlights for the quarter. Sales, as you know, were down slightly from the same period a year ago, driven by lower sales in North America and Europe. Offsetting this were higher year-over-year sales into Asia.
Margins improved in the quarter due to an improving mix and controlled spending. As we previously announced, we recorded an additional $1.1 million of the restructuring charges at our Belgian operation. Finally, our balance sheet continues to improve despite the near-term financial results.
Turning to those results, sales for the 2014 fiscal first quarter were $66.4 million, down from $68.8 million for the same period a year ago. The 3.5% decline was primarily driven by lower sales in the North America and European markets. Higher quarter-over-quarter sales into Asia partially offset these declines, as demand for our pressure pumping transmission in China grew in the quarter.
Looking at our broader market, global sales for our industrial products and marine transmissions were down slightly in the quarter, offset by the higher shipments of pressure pumping systems into China. Gross margins for the quarter were 31.1% compared to 28.2% a year ago and 27.2% in the previous quarter. Favorable mix, including the oil and gas transmissions, was the primary driver for the improved margin.
Spending in marketing, engineering, and administrative or ME&A expenses declined $1.1 million versus the same period last fiscal year from $16.6 million or 24.2% of sales, to $15.5 million, 23.4% of sales. The lower ME&A spending for the quarter relates to lower stock-based compensation and incentive expenses, and controlled spending throughout our global operations.
As we mentioned in the fiscal 2013 fourth-quarter call, we recorded an additional $1.1 million charge for the restructuring of our Belgian operation and targeted reduction in the workforce. If you recall, the legal minimum of $708,000 was recorded in the prior quarter; but negotiations had not been finalized when the quarter and fiscal year closed.
Looking at the bottom line, fiscal 2014 first-quarter net earnings were $1.3 million or $0.11 per diluted share, compared to $1.2 million or $0.11 per diluted share for the same period a year ago. EBITDA for the first quarter was $6.6 million versus $5.3 million a year ago and $4.7 million last quarter.
Turning to the balance sheet, we generated $8.9 million of free cash flow in the quarter. As a result, we were able to reduce debt net of cash from $6.4 million at June 30, 2013, to $773,000 at the end of the first quarter. As we mentioned in the press release we still intend to spend between $10 million and $15 million in capital in the fiscal 2014 as we continue investing in modern equipment and facilities, our global sourcing program, and new products.
The $9 million decline in our six-month backlog from $66.7 million to $58.1 million certainly was a disappointment in the quarter. Incoming orders from North America and Europe were generally weak during the first quarter. We think that this was primarily due to the macroeconomic uncertainties in North America, including the buildup to the shutdown, and Europe; and also the inventory reduction activities at our distributors, dealers, and OEMs.
We also recognize that during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2013 and the first quarter of this year we announced reduced lead times across our product ranges. All of our production models are now within the six-month window of the reported backlog. As a result, we are seeing some orders delayed to these shorter lead times.
Fiscal 2014 continues to be influenced by the same dynamics that have affected our business during the past fiscal year. We continue to see strong demand from our global commercial marine customers and the international oil and gas market, which is somewhat offset by continuing weak activity from the European market and global mega-yacht customers. At this point it looks like the recovery in North American oil and gas will be postponed another quarter or two as the overcapacity situation continues even with increased utilization of the pressure pumping fleet.
Middle to longer term, we are well positioned to take advantage of the global opportunities ahead of us. Our leading positions in the markets we serve, our innovative product development, and our geographic diversity reflect a sound strategic plan for the future.
That concludes my prepared remarks, and now Chris and I will be happy to take your questions. I should add that Chris is joining us from our plant in Belgium, so there might be a small delay in any responses to questions that he is taking. Camille, please open the lines for questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Peter Lisnic, Robert W Baird.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Hi, good morning. This is Josh Chan filling in for Pete. Just wanted to start off with gross margin, which was very strong this quarter. Is there any reason to think that mix was unusual?
Or I guess asked another way, is this quarter's mix representative of what you think you will see for the rest of the year?
John Batten - President, COO
Josh, it's John. I think that this -- the high 20%s to 30% is still possible going forward each quarter. We are having good aftermarket and industrial orders filling in the quarter.
It just really is a question of how many 8500s and other oil and gas products that we can get in the quarter. But we are very happy to get back above 30%, and it is still what we are shooting for every quarter.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay, great. Then a question on the backlog decline. Is there a way you can talk about what market contributed to that decline?
I mean, I'm assuming that North American oil and gas has very little to do with it at this point. Is that correct?
John Batten - President, COO
That's correct. I would say there was a slight decline in all of the product categories. And in general that was driven by North America and Europe, just a quarter of orders.
Then there is a slight decline also in the backlog for international oil and gas. But I am optimistic that that is going to rebound a little bit.
I am also optimistic that the other backlogs will rebound. It was a very uneven quarter as far as ordering.
We had a bad month, then a good month, then a bad month, and October is turning out to be a better month. So just a very uncertain summer as far as in the ordering pattern for product.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Right. But from your comments it seems like you think that this is more temporary than anything. Right?
John Batten - President, COO
Josh, I certainly hope so. I hope that -- I think that the activity that we have seen as far as the market activity looks positive. I think people were reducing -- whether it is our distributors, dealers, OEMs -- reducing inventory over the summer.
And I think it is a timing issue of when the orders come in for international oil and gas and some of the bigger projects that we have. So, correct; I don't see it staying down at this level for extended periods of time.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay. I see. Then can you talk about the shift in timing for the North American oil and gas recovery? Then I guess in particular I was wondering whether some of the field productivity improvement that is being achieved is actually contributing to a delayed recovery, if you will?
John Batten - President, COO
To answer that last question, I do. I have been reading some of the other conference calls and press releases, and what I am seeing from the big guys is that their efficiency is up, their utilization is up, and so they are working through that -- it is a range between 15% and 20% -- overcapacity slower than everybody thought they would.
The unused units sitting on the floor are being taken. But it is just not as fast as everyone thought it would.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay. That makes sense. Then lastly, as China oil and gas becomes more and more important, is there a way that you can ballpark for us how fast that market is growing for you?
John Batten - President, COO
I will let Chris take how far -- it is growing very nicely. I mean it has become -- it is certainly not half of what the North American market is, but it is nice, steady growth and it is turning into a very viable market.
But it is not nearly the size of what the North American market is, as far as millions of horsepower, the number of rigs inside yet. But we are enjoying a very good market share in-country.
Josh Chan - Analyst
Okay, okay. Appreciate the color there. Those are all the questions, so thanks for the time and congrats to Mike on his retirement.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Walt Liptak, Global Hunter Securities.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Hi, thanks. Morning, guys. I wanted to ask a little bit about the oil and gas markets and try to get an understanding of discussions you've had with customers, and if we can drill down into maybe the basins that are strong and which are weak.
John Batten - President, COO
Well, I would say that still the majority of the fleets have switched off of pure unconventional or Bakken oil and wet gas. We just see the number of hours being put on the rigs a lot lower than they used to be.
In China they are still easing into the pure unconventional horizontal drilling. A lot of the rigs over there right now are still getting used to doing that type of drilling. So the rigs in the plays are definitely being used on easier applications at this time.
So I see the activity -- everyone is striving with getting back to the unconventional, striving to get back in, doing it a lot more efficiently with less equipment and people there. So that is what we are seeing right now.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay. We are hearing about 2014 CapEx increases. And maybe albeit small, is that something similar to what you are hearing?
John Batten - President, COO
Correct. That is what we are hearing, that they will start to issue orders for new equipment sometime in calendar 2014.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay. So with the modest change or the push-out, I guess, though in the outlook for oil and gas, how does it change your 2014 production schedules or any sort of changes that you need to make to capacity or pricing?
John Batten - President, COO
Well, most of what we had actually planned on building in 2014 for oil and gas primarily, which were Asia, we were hopeful that North America would come back. But if orders start to come back in the first quarter of 2014 calendar, that really would just affect our fourth quarter.
So there will be some orders, some aftermarket orders and probably replacement units. But if what I am reading is the same press that you are reading, it is that they won't start ordering until calendar 2014. That really just affects our fourth quarter and would be later into the summer, the middle two calendars of the calendar year. Middle two quarters, sorry.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay, got it.
John Batten - President, COO
So as far as capacity, we have capacity. Our lead times are under six months, so if we had orders today we could react in the third quarter fairly easily -- I mean our fiscal third quarter quite easily.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay. Along those lines, you made the comment a couple of times about all of your forward production usually is within that six-month window.
John Batten - President, COO
Correct.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Does that mean that you are expecting that your production levels are matching what your backlog level is? So we should see a similar level of revenue in the coming quarters, unless we see a buildup in backlog?
John Batten - President, COO
No, you will just see a lot -- there will be a lot of turnover in the backlog. You have never really been able to add our six-month backlog, double it, and get the forecast for the whole fiscal year.
So it is not a perfect measurement. The backlog can come up. If you go back three years ago, you saw how quickly the backlog comes up.
And even when we had -- there's potential to have a six-month backlog that more than doubles what our production would be -- or sorry, for the whole fiscal year. So it is an indicator; it is not a perfect indicator.
But you will see this. When we reduce lead times people will tend to order to those lead times. So all of our industrial products are well within a quarter, so well within three months. And all of our marine and oil and gas is now within six months.
So if they need it in six months or if they needed in four months, they are going to order it four months out. So the backlog is partially a reflection of what has happened with our lead time.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay, got it. So as we are thinking about the quarter that we are in, the visibility that you have is on a month-to-month basis, to some extent.
John Batten - President, COO
Correct. It is on -- yes, the visibility is much better on the second quarter than it is on the third quarter or the fourth quarter. Which is different than it was in 2010 when the backlog bottomed out; the visibility there was much better in months four, five, and six than it was in one, two, and three.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay, got it. Some of the macro industrial data points are starting to pick up a little bit. I am wondering; you talked about some of the industrial end markets and airport, the ARFF business, as being stable. Any recent trends within the last month or two suggesting anything is getting bigger or getting better?
John Batten - President, COO
I would say October -- as I mentioned at the beginning, I think in Josh's question, the month of October as far as orders is a much better indicator than the first quarter. A much better sign than the first quarter was, a much stronger order month.
I think that the markets have picked up, and maybe it was just a quarter of adjusting inventories. I think the leading economic indicators that we are watching suggest that the general industrial production should be increasing in the next few quarters.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Okay. Thanks very much.
Operator
Peter van Roden, Spitfire Capital.
Peter van Roden - Analyst
Hey, guys. Just a quick question to start off on China. Who are your customers there? Are you guys working with the US pressure pumping companies or is it more Chinese manufacturers?
John Batten - President, COO
It is almost 100% Chinese production, whether it is SJ, Yantai Jereh, or Baoji, or -- I'm not going to try to pronounce the fourth one because I will butcher it. But it is domestic Chinese producers.
Peter van Roden - Analyst
Okay. Are your margins there similar to what you would see in North American pressure pumping?
John Batten - President, COO
They are basically spot on to what we see in North America.
Peter van Roden - Analyst
Got it. Okay. Then if you were to look out a couple years and think about margins in the context of a North American pressure pumping recovery, would you ever get back to that 2011-2012 or 2012 number? Or was there a decent amount of pricing that you guys were getting because the market was so tight?
John Batten - President, COO
I think we would get back -- if we got back to that type of volume in oil and gas in North America, our margins would come back to the mid-30%. Correct.
Peter van Roden - Analyst
Okay. Those were my two questions. Thanks, guys.
Operator
I am showing no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Batten for closing remarks.
Michael Batten - Chairman, CEO
Thank you, Camille. As all of you know by now, I will be stepping down as CEO effective November 1, and this will be my last conference call with you. While I have been an employee of Twin Disc for 43 years and while I have many wonderful memories -- and I have to admit to some memories of truly challenging times during the 1980s -- I want to focus my remarks on the successor team and the future.
As I look ahead I see a bright future for Twin Disc. The Company is well positioned for continued success in the years to come. We have embarked on a strategy of product innovation and differentiation, as well as market and geographic diversification, that will spur the growth and profitability of Twin Disc going forward.
We are either number one or number two in each of our product market sectors, and we will continue to build on these core business areas for the future. Most importantly, we have developed a successor management team that has the knowledge, experience, discipline to execute the strategic plan and deliver the value that our shareholders expect from us.
Each and every year and over the long haul they seek to maximize our economic profit, defined as our earnings in excess of our cost of capital. This management team knows how to manage a complex mix of products, markets, and cultures in a cyclical, global environment.
This is not an easy task. As a small-cap company, we face all the challenges of large-cap multinational enterprises many times our size. However, we view this as an opportunity and a competitive advantage.
Finally and most importantly, the team exemplifies the tone at the top character traits that are necessary to lead a successful company. Integrity, honesty, respect for the dignity of others, and leadership by example defines the value system of the successor management.
All in all, I have great confidence in our successor team. They are very capable people and capable managers, and they will do a fine job going forward.
In closing, I would like to thank our Board of Directors for their role in supervising the succession plan and providing their valuable input along the way. In addition, I would like to thank the Directors, both present and past, for their support of Twin Disc management over the last 30 years. Our management team and I in particular have truly benefited from their wise counsel and constructive criticism.
Finally and most importantly, I would like to thank all of you, our shareholders, for your continuing support over the past three decades. I have gotten to know many of you personally and appreciate your counsel and friendship.
Thank you again for attending the conference call today, and I know that John and Chris look forward to speaking with you again in January following the close of the second fiscal quarter. Camille, I will turn the call back to you.
Operator
Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.