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Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Teledyne fourth quarter earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later we'll conduct a question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions). As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to our host, Mr. Jason VanWees. Please go ahead.
Jason VanWees - SVP Strategy and M&A
Thank you, and good morning, everyone. This is Jason VanWees, Senior Vice President Strategy and M&A at Teledyne. I would like to welcome everyone to Teledyne's fourth quarter and full year 2014 earnings release conference call. We released our earnings earlier this morning before the market opened. Joining me today are Teledyne's Chairman, President and CEO, Robert Mehrabian, Senior Vice President and CFO, Sue Main, and Senior Vice President General Counsel and Secretary, Melanie Cibik.
After remarks by Robert and Sue, we will ask for your questions. However, before we get started, our attorneys have reminded me to tell you that all forward-looking statements made this morning are subject to various, risks, assumptions, and caveats as noted in the earnings release and periodic SEC filings and results may differ materially. In order to avoid potential selective disclosures this call is simultaneously being webcast and a replay. Both via webcast and dial in will be available for approximately one month. Here's Robert.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you, Jason, and good morning everyone. Record sales of $622.3 million in 12.3% compared to last year with organic growth up to .5%, inclusive of some currency headwind. Fourth quarter GAAP earnings per share of $1.62 was also a record increasing 12.5% compared to last year. I should note that earnings, both this year and last were aided by certain tax benefits.
Nevertheless, excluding these tax benefits and unusual charges such as restructuring and legal settlement gains in 2013, earnings still increased at double digit rate year-over-year. Operating margin of 12.8% increased 220 basis points, and was also a record. Our results continue to demonstrate the successful transformation of Teledyne into higher margin, industrial technology Company committed to operational excellence.
Overall, sales growth was driven by strong organic growth in US commercial markets of just over 5%, as well as continued gains in international markets and some impact from acquisitions. Our US Government businesses, which represent approximately 25% of our total sales, declined slightly year-over-year on a somewhat difficult comparison, but we're nevertheless at the highest quarterly level in 2014 on an absolute basis.
In our commercial businesses, we achieved growth in all major global market regions. Sales growth in the US was largely driven by increased sales of instrumentation, avionics and commercial imaging systems. Commercial sales in Europe and the Middle East and Africa collectively also increased due in part to broad based demand across our instrumentation segment.
Finally, Asia Pacific sales continue to grow with sales of nearly all of our Marine, acoustic positioning, and inter connect systems growing year-over-year. Before discussing our business segment in detail, I want to make some additional comments about our markets and outlook. Given the strength and diversity of Teledyne's businesses and our consistent focus on operational excellence, we were able to achieve our 13th consecutive year of GAAP earnings growth.
We enter 2014 with headwind in our government businesses as a result of US Government's budget cuts and (inaudible) measures across the UK and Europe. In response, throughout 2013 and 2014, we took aggressive express reduction actions to lower our cost structure and reduce our manufacturing footprint in businesses serving these markets. While the outlook now is more positive in this market, we are committed to maintaining our current cost structure, thereby generating greater margins.
We enter 2015 with uncertainty in our Marine businesses exposed to energy markets, given the decline in energy prices. Revenue from offshore energy exploration market has begun to decline as expected and discussed previously. Offshore oil production related revenue has remained strong. In fact, during the fourth quarter, we had record sales and record orders and ended the year with record backlog in businesses primarily serving the offshore production market.
I also want to note that our Marine businesses are somewhat buffered from swings in energy markets since or businesses also serve markets with different economic cycles, such as ocean science and climatology, defense, Marine survey for port construction, harbor security, and search and rescue. In 2014, we further invested in these businesses with the acquisition of (inaudible), a leading supplier of miniature remotely operated vehicles, or mini ROVs, and the acquisition of Ocean science, which produces remotely operated and tethered Marines service (inaudible).
Each of these businesses largely serves markets unrelated too offshore energy. Finally, regarding our 2015 outlook, I want to emphasize that 2014 included a number of non-recurring items which contributed to earnings. For example, the cumulative effort of discreet tax benefits, the late 2014 Federal R&D tax credit, and favorable net legal settlements was a benefit of approximately $0.50 to earnings in 2014. Furthermore, given lower discount rates and revised mortality assumptions, we except to incur additional pension expense in 2015.
Nevertheless, I want to remind everyone that our pension remains fully funded, has been closed to new hires for over a decade, and only 18.4% of our current employees participate in it. We also continue to make structural changes. First, by freezing our non-qualified pension plan for 20 of our top executives who earn over $260,000 in salary and bonus combined. And second, by offering lump sum buyouts to other participants to limit future volatility and help ensure the health of our pension and keep promises made to retirees and current employees.
I will now comment on our business segment after which Sue Main will review the financials in more detail and provide an earnings outlook for the first quarter and full year 2015. Turning to our instrumentation segment. Fourth quarter sales increased 8.6% to nearly $300 million, with organic growth of 4.8%. Sales of Marine instrumentation increased 13.2% with organic growth of 6.6% despite a significant year-over-year decline in sales of geophysical sensors used for offshore energy exploration.
As I mentioned previously, sales to offshore energy production industry remain very strong and non-energy Marine businesses also contributed nicely. In the environmental domain, sales increased 4.8% which was all organic. Sales of laboratory and build instrumentation (inaudible) some decline in sales of air monitoring and process gas analyzers.
Sales of electronic test and measurement systems were flat, nevertheless, margins for search instrumentation continued to improve and were at record levels. GAAP operating segment profit increased and operating margin improved over 170 basis points, due to higher sales and improved operating performance, especially at companies acquired within the last two to three years.
Turning to digital imaging, this segment provides a broad portfolio of digital light, laser-based, infrared, X-ray and ultra violet sensors, cameras, and software. Fourth quarter sales in digital imaging decreased modestly compared to last year and primarily reflected lower sales of specially imaging sensors, mostly offset by higher sales of laser-based imaging systems, and micro electro mechanic or MEMS production. Sales of sensors and cameras for commercial machine vision applications increased, largely driven by greater sales of cameras for semi-conductors and electronic inspection.
GAAP segment operating profits increased considerably and primarily reflected higher margins for LIDAR systems and MEMS production, as well as infrared imaging sensors. Turning to Aerospace and defense electronics segment, fourth quarter sales decreased 2.5%, while US Government sales declined, our commercial avionic businesses continued to perform very well. Operating profit increased with margins increasing over 300 basis points, even excluding significant charges in 2013 as a result of cost reduction action, margins still improved approximately 100 basis points. Turning to the engineered systems segment.
Fourth quarter revenue increased 8.9%, and operating profit increased significantly with record margin of 13.4%. Both sales and margin benefited from a greater mix of Marine and space manufacturing programs, and increased sales of turbine engines for the Joint Air-To-Surface Standoff Missile or JASSM program. In conclusion, 2014 was a great year. In addition to record sales, earnings and margins, cash flow was also outstanding.
Our business is versatile to specific end markets. That said, our success depends on managing change as evidenced by how we executed as a Company through the weakness in the defense market over the last few years. We're proud of our consistent record of improvement in earnings and profitability, as well as strong cash generation. Regarding capital allocation, our primary focus remains on acquisitions that enhance our core businesses. Nevertheless, we are very pleased with the current composition of our business portfolio and we'll continue to weigh share repurchases against availability and price of acquisitions. I will now turn the call over to Sue Main.
Sue Main - SVP, CFO
Thank you, Robert, and good morning. I will first discuss some additional financials for the quarter not covered by Robert, then I will discuss our first quarter and full year 2015 outlook. In the fourth quarter, cash flow from operating activities was $84.1 million, compared with the cash flow of $98.5 million for the same period of 2013. The lower cash provided by operating activities in the fourth quarter of 2014 primarily reflected the impact of higher income tax payments, partially offset by higher net income and the timing of accounts receivable collections.
Pre cash flow, that is cash from operating activities less capital expenditures, was $70.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2014, compared with $79.9 million in 2013. For the full year 2014, adjusted free cash flow of $240.2 million versus $182.9 million increased 31.3% over 2013, and was an all time record. Capital expenditures were $13.8 million in the fourth quarter, compared to $18.6 million for the same period of 2013. Depreciation and amortization expense was $24.2 million in the quarter, compared with $24 million last year. In December, we issued $125 million of senior unsecured notes with an average fixed rate of 2.97% and we ended the quarter with $563.7 million of net debt, that is, $705.1 million of debt in capital leases, less cash of $141.4 million for a net debt to capital ratio of 27.7%.
Turning to pension and stock compensation expense. In the fourth quarter of 2014, growth GAAP pension income was $0.3 million compared with gross pension expense of $4.5 million in the same period of 2013. Stock option compensation expense of $3.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2014, compared with $3.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2013. Finally, turning to our outlook, management currently believes that GAAP earnings per share from continuing operations in the first quarter of 2015 will be in the range of $1.16 to $1.20 per share.
We expect full year 2015 earnings per share of approximately $5.71 to $5.76. The 2015 full year effective tax rate is expected to be 29.5%. For reference, excluding discreet items and fourth quarter R&D tax credit, the full year 2014 tax rate was 28.7%. I do want to emphasize a few items regarding our 2015 outlook compared to 2014. First, our pension assumptions included a discount rate decrease of 90 basis points and changes in mortality assumptions, which will increase non-cash pension expense in 2015. Second, 2014 results benefited from net legal settlements, significant discreet tax items, including $0.06 in the first quarter of 2014, and the 2014 R&D tax credit which is not currently effective for 2015, as well as a slightly lower tax rate. Finally, approximately 10% of our total sales are in foreign currencies, and foreign exchange is likely to be a headwind of 1% to 2% of revenue points in 2015. I will now pass the call back to Robert.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you. We would like to take your questions now. Vicky, if you're ready to proceed with questions and answers, please go ahead.
Operator
Certainly. (Operator Instructions). Our first question comes from the line of Greg Conrad. Please, go ahead.
Greg Conrad - Analyst
Good morning. I just wanted to start, you had good cash flow in the quarter and you also announced an increase in the share re-purchase program. You kind of made some comments about balancing share repurchases and acquisitions. I was hoping you could elaborate on that, and then also just touch on if the lower price of oil has kind of increased the acquisition pipeline?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you, Greg. First, let me just emphasize that our aim always is to improve revenue and increase our earnings per share as we've done in the last 13 years, and part of the contribution to that, significant part, have been the acquisitions. Approximately 65 plus percent of our revenue and more than that in income comes through our acquisitions, so we will continue to look at those. We have a reasonably good pipeline of acquisitions.
Having said that, as you also indicated, because of the healthy cash flow and our EBITDA of total of almost $395 million, we feel that we can do both open opportunistically. If there are a lot of large acquisitions available, we may not do as much buyback. On the other hand, I think the time has come for our Company to look at those both options in a more balanced way.
Having said that, price of oil going down, has affected our pipeline, at least our view of our pipeline somewhat in that we probably will be a little more cautious in making investments in the Marine instrumentation domain that are related to oil production and exploration. Having said that, as I said before, our Marine businesses are very well balanced and we will look at other opportunities in the Marine domain that don't serve the energy market. I don't think prices have changed significantly because of the change in oil. You have to obviously balance the price of acquisitions with the earning potential. I hope that answers your question.
Greg Conrad - Analyst
Yes, that was perfect. Then just a follow-up on the instrumentation margin. You gave a little bit of color on, this but I remember what the segment used to do before LeCroy and the acquisition, and it sounds like the margin on that property has improved and that's part of the contribution to the 17.8% in the quarter. Can you maybe talk a little bit more about the moving pieces and what we can expect going forward and the ranges of the three segments?
Yes. I think in the instrumentation segment, we believe that the margins, we should be able to maintain those margins. I should note, Greg, that if you look at our Q1, both 2014 and 2013, Q1 is our weakest quarter because of the markets we serve, and so in Q1 we expect margins for almost all of our segments to be closer to Q1 of last year, but as the year goes on, I think the margins will improve as they did this year.
In instrumentation, we view instrumentation in the various groupings. First, in oil and gas, our margins are very healthy and we just our emphasis are to keep those margins and see if we can move the top line up a little bit. In test and measurements that you mentioned, primarily LeCroy, our aim is not to worry so much about revenue growth so we have some potential improvements in other businesses using LeCroy technologies. Our aim there is to improve margins, and we will do that next year. And in our environmental instrumentation, they have healthy margins. We just want to keep them and move the top line up a little bit.
Thanks for taking my question.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
That's all right. I just want to go back to what Sue mentioned and what I said about pension. If we hadn't taken the actions that we took on pension, which were mitigation by (inaudible) the non-qualified pension, by doing one-time buys, our pension headwinds would have been significantly larger than it is, but nevertheless, having said all of that, between pension and one-time taxes, we have a $0.50 headwind going into next year. Our aim is to make that up in 2015, so that really consumes our various margin improvement program.
Greg Conrad - Analyst
Thanks for taking my questions.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Sure, Greg.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jim Ricchiuti with Needham & Company. Please go ahead.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
Thank you. Good morning. Robert, I wonder if you would comment just in general on the outlook for the four main business segments, how you might see the year unfold from a top line standpoint?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Sure. Good morning, Jim. I think from a top line standpoint, we should have about 1% or so in instrumentation primarily because we have, that's organic. That's primarily because of the impact of our oil exploration programs which is probably going to see 25% to 35% decline in revenue, so we have to make it up somewhere else. Then there's foreign exchange headwinds. In digital imaging, I think we can improve that about 3% to 4%. In Aerospace and defense, we'll just be under 4%, I'll say 3.5%. And engineer systems, I'm talking year-over-year, Jim, I hope you're with me on that.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
I am. Thank you.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
And engineer systems should improve the top line by about 4%. Collectively, we're taking into account with the foreign exchange and the fact that first as Sue said, there's 10% of our stuff that are producing those markets, but the other problem that we have is we're competing in our instrumentation and other businesses overseas, and we have about 45% of our overall sales overseas, so we have to drop prices in those places in dollar denominations to compete. So we think revenue next year, organic revenue growth is going to be around 2%. It could be a little bit higher, but right now, that's what we see.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
That's very helpful. I wanted to follow-up on the digital imaging business, if I may. The growth there has been a little harder to come by in the last couple of years. You're assuming 3% to 4% or so growth in the business this year, and I just wonder if you could discuss that a little bit more. The particular areas where we might see the business begin to gain some traction.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Okay, Jim, I'll try. First, we've seen some pick up in our LIDAR base or laser based imaging business which we own 51% of, a company called Uptick in Canada. They've introduced new products and as a consequence of that, they have gained market share and we have some nice backlog going into next year. Their new products are, for example, there's a high performance airborne LIDAR that they've introduced and a multicolor laser wavelength light, those are making good in roads in the markets, so some of the growth is going to come from there.
We also have new products we're introducing area scan products. We've primarily been a line scan camera oriented business. We're introducing area scan products with CMOS based sensors, and last to contributions we think will come from our infrared micro bolometers production and cameras in Canada, and from our very high resolution CMOS-based X-rays, so if you combine all of those, we think those would contribute to the revenue increase.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
Thank you, that's helpful.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Steve Levenson with Stifel. Please, go ahead.
Steve Levenson - Analyst
Good morning, everybody.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Good morning, Steve.
Steve Levenson - Analyst
I know you've spoken about acquisitions, but in the past you've also been able to boost margins by working on scrap, rework, waste and footprint. What do you think you can get out of that in 2015?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
I think, wait, let me back up a second. What we got in 2014, year-over-year was a 12.5% reduction in our scrap rework and warranty across over a billion dollars of manufactured goods, so that helped us out a lot. Over the last 10 years, the percentage of those, what we call price on nonconforming our factories has gone down from 5.1% to 1.8%, resulting in a net improvement in our earnings of over $60 million. Now, our aim to do the same, Steve, every year. Our target for next year is around the same, 10% or so. We think if we can achieve that, especially where we have higher numbers for price on non-conformers, those would be primarily in more recent acquisitions, and we can improve the margins.
I'm going to say overall in those businesses we can improve margins 20, 30, maybe 40 basis points from that. But some of the other businesses that have been with us for a long time all ready have (inaudible) numbers, percentages that are below 1; .6, .7. And 10% to 15% improvement while we do it, it's not going to have a major effect in our bottom line.
Steve Levenson - Analyst
Sounds like a high class problem, but thank you for the detail on that. I guess question on cash deployment. Is there a dept to EBITDA target leverage ratio? Do you think you'd borrow more to do more buybacks if there aren't acquisitions out there that fit your criteria?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Yes, right now if you look at our debt to EBITDA ratio, it's about 1.7. If you look at it from a net debt that Sue mentioned, it's closer to 1.5. Having said that, I think we have a ceiling roof for our debt to EBITDA of 3. We'll never get that close, 3.25 to be exact. I think we feel comfortable to be around 2, maybe a little higher. We might go up to a 2.5, but we'll bring it down very fast by generating cash, but even at 1.8 to 2, we all ready have borrowing capacity if we assume that was the ceiling of up to $650 million.
Steve Levenson - Analyst
Thank you for the additional detail. That's great.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Our next question comes from the line of Chris Quilty with Raymond James. Please go ahead.
Chris Quilty - Analyst
Good morning. Congratulations. A follow-up on the Marine segment, specifically oil and gas. Is there a specific price for a barrel of oil that's embedded in your revised forecast?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
No, not specific. What we have, Chris, is we know what our large customers on the exploration side are telling us. They're basically delaying production of new vessels. Other companies that we don't do business with are retiring vessels. So there we have a pretty good idea of what that market's going to be like. It could be down as much as 35% year-over-year. Remembering that it was 100 million in 2013, and closer to 80 this 2014, and so another 30% decline would bring it down to $60 million, so you're going from 100 to 60 over two years.
The flip side is, as I said, our oil production so far is holding up very well, and part of that, you asked about what kind of price of oil, part of that is that different sources of oil and gas recovery have different price break even points, depending on whether it's shallow water, that could be the lowest, on shore, conventional. It could be maybe $40. Deep water, probably over $60, but then when you get to shale oil, you're talking about $70, could be as high as $100.
What we're seeing is changes in the dynamics of the businesses. The shale oil businesses are reducing their cost very fast because that's not too hard to do. You pick up your trucks and move them, and stop the drilling, and whereas in deep water, the projects are planned over a 10-year period, and larger oil companies have seen oil prices go up and down over the last two decades and they can't plan on immediate oil price reduction because they're spending huge amounts of money.
For example, in the (inaudible) offshore award we got late in 2014, that is a $10 billion investment. You can't shut that spigot off or turn it on, so they have a much longer view of the market than we do, and even as early as November, the (inaudible) database is projecting significant increases in deep sea production in the next six or seven years, as much as 70 or more percent. So, it's very hard to credit. I think in the deep sea oil production, we feel comfortable that oil prices are not going to affect them very quickly.
Having said that, I'll repeat remarks I made before in the last earnings call, which is it's my personal view that oil consumption per capita oil consumption is going to increase, especially as we see recoveries in the foreign markets because their capital consumption is several, four or five times less than ours or other developed countries, and in the long-term, oil prices supplies are not going to be as abundant as they are today compared to consumption, so I think in the long-term oil prices have to moderate upwards and that's my prospective. I may be wrong, but I don't think so.
Chris Quilty - Analyst
I would tend to agree. You can give us a more specific guidance on the pension contribution that you would expect for this year?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Chris, we don't expect to make a pension contribution. As of the end of the year, considering the 4.5% discount rate, to mention 90 basis points reduced from last year, it was 5.4, it's now 4.5% for us. Our pension is 110% funded, even at that discount rate, and the changes were in the mortality tables that actually got together and decided that people live longer, probably true, and so we don't need to make a contribution, but what we needed to do was take some actions by freezing our non-qualified pension and making one-time lump sum offers to those people who are retiring. We've made those to people who've what we call vested, vested in our pension but are not at Teledyne any more and haven't begun withdrawing pension. We have bought about over 500 of those folks out of our pension plan in the last two years.
Chris Quilty - Analyst
Gotcha. And the R&D tax credits, I didn't pay attention. How long are those in effect for? Is this the typical one year extension?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Yes. What they did is in the last few days of the year, they passed a R&D tax credit for 2014 only. They could have passed it, they could have done it permanently, they could have passed it for 2014 and 2015 as they did in 2013. In 2013, at the beginning of the year they passed it for 2013 and 2012, so we don't have an R&D tax credit right now in our plan for 2015. If it comes, then it will bump our earnings up anywhere between $0.10 to $0.15, but I can't guide straight to earnings assuming something is going to happen in Washington. You now how predictive that is.
Chris Quilty - Analyst
Gotcha. Final question. When you look at the avionics area, which is an area where you've been doing quite well, how does the acquisition pipeline look in that area and are there specific either products or aircraft type where you think you're most interested?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
First, there are very few if any acquisitions. There's three or four big players. It's heavily consolidated market, and our job there is very simple. Take market share, and we've been relatively successful in that. First, we have this very large sole source contract from Boeing for the next 12 or 13 years that would address specifically put our systems in 737, 737 max, 777, and next generation of 737, 737 max, and 748 production aircraft. These are the high volume aircraft.
The other thing is, in the market share gain, we've been very fortunate to take market away from our competitors by having some of the larger airlines that have a lot of aircraft, take out competitor products and put our data acquisition systems. For example, Northwest airlines just gave us an order to add, I'm sorry, I said Northwest, I meant Southwest, to add 85 of our data acquisition systems over the next 18 months in their existing aircraft, so market share is very important there.
Chris Quilty - Analyst
Gotcha. Thank you very much.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thanks, Chris.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Ciarmoli, KeyBanc Capital Market. Please, go ahead.
Michael Ciarmoli - Analyst
Good morning, guys, thanks for taking my questions. Robert, just to maybe dig in on the oil and gas. So you know, per the investor day slide deck from last year, the focus on oil and gas, you've got about 450 million in oil and gas revenues. Can you sort of tell us what the backlog is? How much visibility you have? A lot of your biggest customer also, FMC, Cameron's, we're seeing them make the CapEx cut. Is this something as they start to cut back, does this become more of a 2016 issue, or just how comfortable are you in the overall stability of that portfolio and the level of backlog that's there?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
I've spoken to oil exploration, so I won't go over that. On the production side, we have a very healthy backlog right now. I would say we have sufficient backlog to be able to predict what will happen in the 2016, certainly in the first nine months of 2015, and we don't mention to be significant change in that domain. And the flip side of that is as I mentioned, again, there are other areas of Marine that kind of make up for that, especially in defense and in size transportation (inaudible), etcetera.
Michael Ciarmoli - Analyst
Okay. You just closed on Bolt. What are the expectations there? That's a company that's seen its revenues double since 2010. What's baked into the outlook, maybe even on a bottom line for Bolt and how do you think that business performs?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
We think that business will do something around $50 million next year and it contributed about $8 million in six weeks in the end of 2014, so even if that goes down some, we think the 50s a fairly reasonable for us, and that business has, as I mentioned before, has parts of it that has more to do with search and rescue and hydro and other businesses, and same thing with Ocean science, so that's where we are.
Michael Ciarmoli - Analyst
So have you quantified how much accretion you'll get from that in earnings next year, on both?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
I think what will happen is we may get as much as $0.10, maybe $0.08. Our intangibles from that are going to be significant as always are in all of our acquisitions. If we did non-GAAP adjusted earnings, which a lot of people you're familiar with, you cover, do, we would have probably add $0.63 to our earnings because of our intangibles. So once you take the intangibles out, maybe $0.08 to $0.10.
Michael Ciarmoli - Analyst
Last one for me. You talked about some of your environmental lab and field instrumentation being weaker. How much indirect exposure do you think you guys have to some of the on shore shale where there's clearly a big focus on environmental? Is there any indirect exposure thank you guys see there?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
No, we don't. We don't see that.
Michael Ciarmoli - Analyst
Okay. Perfect. Thanks a lot, guys.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
All right, thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Robert Kirkpatrick with Cardinal Capital. Please, go ahead.
Robert Kirkpatrick - Analyst
Good morning.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Good morning, Rob.
Robert Kirkpatrick - Analyst
Could you talk about your capital expenditures program in the year that just concluded because it was the lowest I've seen in a couple of years? Why that was and what your expectation is going forward for the next couple of years, please?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Hi, Rob. Good question. What happened in the capital expenditure is that we spent a significant amount of money in 2013 especially and a little bit in early 2014 in facility consolidations, and we've reduced our footprint across the Company by 7% as part of our cost reduction, and so that didn't happen and that slowed down in the end of 2014, and we ended up spending about $45 million. We think next year it might going up to $60 million to $65 million, which is kind of our normal CapEx for a company of our size and the kinds of technologies that we have to maintain.
Robert Kirkpatrick - Analyst
Okay. Then secondly, I believe last year in 2013 spent $167 million on R&D and bid preparation. Did that go up substantially in 2014? And if so, what did it go to?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
That's a good number, Rob. I think we also get, as you know, we also get another 80 to 100 from outside sources, so our total R&D is about 10% of our revenue. In 2014, it didn't change very much. I would say it's flat and we think it will be flat in 2015.
Robert Kirkpatrick - Analyst
Super. Thank you so much.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
10% of our revenue, between us, what we do and what we get from outside.
Robert Kirkpatrick - Analyst
Great. Thank you so much.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thanks, Rob.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jim Ricchiuti, Needham & Company. Please go ahead.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
Robert, I just wanted to go back to a comment you made as you were discussing the Teledyne LeCroy business. You talked about, I think, leveraging their technology in some other areas. I wonder if you could maybe discuss that a little further?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Sure. I'll give you a specific example. We have, for example, we have a small business that does nuclear plant valve testing. What they do is they have strain gauges and software and all nuclear plants have to test their opening and closure of their valves every so often, especially after they have a fuel replacement cycle and that's a nice business, not big. It's maybe $10 million, but it makes great margins.
What the LeCroy folks have been able to do is bring their expertise in digital and assist that company to develop a completely new product, which will probably over the next couple of years double the revenue in that one small business which has really good margins. What we're trying to do at LeCroy is do that in a number of other businesses. Just about every instrument that we make has relevant digitalization and a need to display the data in some form or another. They're experts at that. Especially when it comes to high definition data. They have our first eight channel, 12 bit scope which they just launched six months ago and out-selling even our highest expectations.
They bring those kinds of technology to new product development. The final thing is, LeCroy has probably the best marketing and sales channels at Teledyne across the world, and they are kind of coordinating a lot of our international sales in other instrumentation under that capability.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
Got it. And then just on the core LeCroy business. You talked about not being as focused on revenues. Is it a flat market? Is sounds like LeCroy has maintained or even possibly or gained some market share?
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
We obviously want to increase revenue, but the market as a whole, that whole market, we expect in 2015 that market to grow about 2% across the world. In some places, it will go faster. Perhaps Europe, Middle East, Pacific might grow 3%, 4%. The US has been softer. So I think the scope market is relatively flat. On the other hand, we have a protocol business, it's a software-based business primarily, that market's growing faster and that grows more like 8% or so.
Jim Ricchiuti - Analyst
Thank you.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
We have no further questions on the phone lines.
Robert Mehrabian - President, CEO
Thank you, Vicky. I will now ask Jason to conclude our conference call.
Jason VanWees - SVP Strategy and M&A
Thanks, Robert. Again, thanks everyone for joining us this morning. If you have any follow-up questions, please feel free to call me on the number on the earnings release and as always, all news releases are available on our website. Teledyne.com. Operator, if you could conclude the call and give the replay information, we'd appreciate it.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this conference will be made available for replay after 10 AM today until March 2, 2015 at midnight. You may access the AT&T play back service any time by dialing 1-800-475-6701 and entering the code 352272. International participants may dial 1-320-365-3844 with a code of 352272. That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for your participation and for using AT&T. You may now disconnect.