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Operator
Good morning, and welcome to Cyxtera's Q3 2021 Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. (Operator's Instructions). Please note, this event is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the conference over to Greer Aviv. Please go ahead.
Greer Aviv - SVP of IR
Thank you, Grant. Good morning, and welcome to our third quarter 2021 earnings conference call. On today's call, we will refer to materials available on our Investor Relations website, at ir.Cyxtera.com. We are joined here today by Nelson Fonseca, our President and CEO; and Carlos Sagasta, our CFO. After prepared remarks, we'll open up the lines for Q&A.
Before we begin, I would like to remind you that today's earnings materials contain forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our future expectations. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Please refer to today's earnings materials, the safe harbor language on Slide 2 of our presentation and our SEC filings for a discussion of the major risk factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those in our forward-looking statements.
In addition, we use several non-GAAP measures from presenting our financial results. We have included the reconciliations to these measures in our supplemental financial information. With that, I'll turn the call over to Nelson.
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Greer. Good morning, and thank you all for joining us for our third quarter earnings call. We have proudly entered the next phase of Cyxtera's evolution, becoming a public company at the end of July, marking a major milestone in our company's history. To celebrate this accomplishment, we are honored to have the opportunity to ring the closing bell at the NASDAQ Stock Exchange on December 6.
None of this would have been possible without the hard work and dedication of the Cyxtera team. We have continued to deliver solid outcomes for our customers, throughout this journey. Our team is motivated and excited about this next phase of Cyxtera's growth, and we have received positive feedback from our customers and partners as well.
As we walk through the results of the quarter and summarize our overall strategy, it is clear we have an incredible opportunity ahead of us, and we are excited to realize the full potential of Cyxtera.
I'll start today with a quick recap of our third quarter results, which you can follow on Slide 4 of our presentation.
First, I want to highlight that we are raising the midpoint of revenue guidance by $7.5 million for the year, to $699 million. And transaction-adjusted EBITDA guidance by $5 million, to $225 million, reflecting our strong Q3 results and year-to-date performance. We continue to see sustained momentum in the business, with total revenue increasing by $5.1 million or 2.9% year-over-year, to $177.1 million. Recurring revenue increased by $5.8 million or 3.5% year-over-year, to $169.3 million.
Core revenue, which excludes revenue from Lumen, increased by $12.5 million or 8.4% year-over-year, to $161 million. Transaction-adjusted EBITDA improved by $3.5 million or 6.4% year-over-year, to $58.1 million, driven by top line growth and operating leverage. Annualized core bookings increased by $0.5 million or 2.5% year-over-year, to $20.8 million. At the same time, average monthly core churn improved, year-over-year, to 0.7% from 0.9%, resulting in strong core net bookings.
Lastly, interconnection accounted for approximately 11% of total revenue, up from 9.6% in the third quarter of last year. This represents 17% year-over-year growth. Because some investors on the call today are newer to our story, I would like to spend a few minutes highlighting the foundational elements that are driving Cyxtera's strong momentum, and share the key elements of our strategy.
As you can see on Slide 5, we are the third largest retail colocation provider, with 61 data centers across 28 markets. Our footprint has a strong international presence, with facilities in the top 10 most attractive global markets. We view this as a significant competitive advantage as our data centers are located in markets, where our customers want to deploy their infrastructure.
At Cyxtera, we view everything from the customer lens, we serve more than 2,300 enterprises and service providers across our global platform, representing every major industry vertical, which leverage our strong interconnection base of over 40,000 cross-connects to support their digital transformation initiatives. This diversified customer base, along with our strong interconnection platform, creates a differentiated global ecosystem, where enterprises and service providers establish business relationships, both directly and from partners.
This leads me to a very important point. Innovation is core to our organizational culture, and we are continuously striving to improve the value, we provide our customers. We believe our innovative approach to the data center sets us apart from our competitors in a manner that is difficult to replicate. Our innovation efforts are focused on three main objectives: first, to make our data centers easier to consume. Second, to make it seamless for our enterprise and service-provider customers to connect to each other; and third, to support our customers' automation initiatives.
Our Digital Exchange offering is our core innovation platform. Digital Exchange builds on our interconnection density and enables seamless, software-based virtual connections between our customers. We built Digital Exchange, in-house, with our own product development team, which allows us to rapidly adapt the platform and further innovate in support of our customers' digital transformation efforts.
Our Bare Metal offering is an example of this continuous innovation. Bare Metal leverages the Digital Exchange to deliver on-demand infrastructure, so customers can consume the data center in a cloud-like fashion. We like to think about this as colo on demand, and it helps our customers get to market faster. In addition, it provides our customers the flexibility they need to quickly adjust their infrastructure as their business requirements evolve, thereby future-proofing their environments.
And most recently, we introduced SmartCabs, which also leverages our Digital Exchange platform to provide on-demand colocation cabinets, complete with built-in power and integrated, configurable core network fabric. This solution is especially powerful for our channel partners and strategic alliances, who can deploy their infrastructure in a resilient, secure, colocation environment with the live network fabric, already built into the cabinet, in an on-demand fashion. This exciting new offering will be available in more than 10 markets in Q1 of 2022.
Strategic partners are a core part of our go-to-market strategy. We recently partnered with Nutanix for the launch of their Federal Innovation Lab, in conjunction with some of our other leading technology partners. The first Nutanix Federal Innovation Lab is powered by Cyxtera's Digital Exchange and Enterprise Bare Metal platforms. The Federal Innovation Lab, available across our data centers in Northern Virginia, provides U.S. federal customers as well as industry partners with an environment to build proofs-of-concept and test mission-critical application, using on-demand infrastructure that readily supports hybrid, multi-cloud solutions via a single operating platform.
In addition, we were awarded the global service provider of the year at Nutanix .Next Digital Experience conference, in recognition for providing enterprises with on-demand access to Nutanix' market-leading Hyperconverged Infrastructure Enterprise Cloud software, directly within the data center.
We are proud of the strength of our strategic alliances and continually look for innovative ways to enable our customers to deliver all applications, services and data, at any scale, directly within the data center with cloud-like flexibility.
Moving to Slide 6. Our global platform and strong ecosystem, coupled with strong industry tailwinds, has resulted in significant momentum across our business. Our core bookings continue to grow year-over-year, while our core churn continues to improve. This combination of accelerated bookings and lower churn delivers net bookings, which is driving increased occupancy across the platform.
Turning to Slide 7. Our current occupancy sits at 68.9%, which is an increase of approximately 50 basis points versus last quarter. We are making good progress towards our target of 78% occupancy by 2025, which will continue to be supported by our solid sales performance.
Lastly, let me provide a brief recap of our growth strategy. As you can see on Slide 8, our strategy is primarily driven by organic growth opportunities. As I mentioned on the previous slide, taking advantage of our in-place capacity and continuing to increase occupancy across the platform, is the main driver of our growth. Increased occupancy leads to increased revenue, and that increased revenue comes with high EBITDA flow-through because most of our fixed costs are already covered across the footprint.
The second lever of our organic growth is expanding across our existing footprint, with expansion projects focused on 4 markets: London, Singapore, Chicago and Silicon Valley. These are markets where demand is strong, and our occupancy is high, so we want to ensure we have available inventory for our customers. Earlier this year, we announced expansion projects in London, Chicago and Silicon Valley to meet increased customer demand.
The third lever of our organic growth brand is the cross-selling of our platform capabilities. Customers are utilizing more of our interconnection, Digital Exchange and Bare Metal offerings, all high flow-through services that increase our revenue per square foot, decrease the likelihood of churn and provide customers with additional overall value. These organic growth initiatives can be augmented by inorganic opportunities as well.
We intend to focus, by geographic expansion efforts, in international markets, which we believe, adds to our strategic positioning. We will also pursue the acquisition of individual data centers or data center platforms, when it makes sense, strategically.
That being said, we will be opportunistic in our inorganic pursuits, and decisions will be driven by prudent capital allocation and our internal return hurdles. In summary, we're very pleased with our third quarter results as they continue to validate the competitive strength of our platform and our go-to-market execution. Now, I'll turn the call over to Carlos to cover the financial results in more detail.
Carlos Sagasta - CFO
Thank you, Nelson. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us for our third quarter earnings call. As Nelson mentioned, we are pleased with our third quarter performance, which we believe, validates our go-to-market strategy and clearly reflects continued, strong customer momentum and business execution. Before diving into the results, we wanted to share our excitement at being recognized for our Hometown Business Journal for our recently-completed merger with Starboard. Last month, we received a Financial Deal of the Year award, which is an honor we were proud to receive.
Turning to Slide 10. Total revenue for the quarter increased by $5.1 million or 2.9% year-over-year, to $177.1 million, while recurring revenue increased by $5.8 million or 3.5% year-over-year, to $169.3 million. The solid revenue performance can be attributed to continued momentum in [net Token's] performance during Q3, which increased nearly 80% year-over-year. Interconnection revenue represented 11% of total revenue for the quarter and grew 17% year-over-year.
Core revenue, as shown on Slide 11, which excludes human revenue, increased by $12.5 million or 8.4% year-over-year, to $161 million. Gross margin was 46.3%, a year-over-year increase of 290 basis points, primarily attributable to an approximate $4 million recovery, in relation to an edge settlement with the vendor, and $2 million in lower installation costs, as a result of efficiency initiatives.
This was somewhat offset by higher utility costs, driven primarily by electricity rate increases and a slight increase in power consumption. As it relates to power costs specifically, we have the contractual-flexibility to pass-through increases in power cost, which covers more than 85% of our contracts. While energy has become a widespread topic, we continue to expect minimal impact from this, as reinforced by increased guidance for 2021.
Transaction-adjusted EBITDA increased by $3.5 million or 6.4% year-over-year, to $58.1 million, principally due to higher revenue and improvement in cost of revenue. Transaction-adjusted EBITDA of 32.8%, increased by approximately 110 basis points year-over-year, driven by top line growth and operating leverage. Transaction adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.3 million or 1.8% year-over-year, to $73.8 million, which equates to a margin of 41.7%.
As a reminder, we view transaction-adjusted EBITDA as the best metric for comparing our performance to our peers because it adjusts for our asset ownership structure.
Annualized core bookings increased by approximately 2.5% over the same quarter last year, driven by customer momentum and strong channel-partner contribution. Average monthly core churn of 0.7%, for the third quarter, improved 20 basis points year-over-year and represents the lowest quarterly level in more than 7 quarters.
As detailed on Slide 14, core MRR increased to $48.6 million from $47.5 million, exiting last year's, primarily due to $1.3 million of net installations. On Slide 17, we have provided a breakdown of our capital investments between the major buckets of expansion, maintenance and corporate. Q3 CapEx was approximately $7 million above the year-ago level, primarily driven by growth capital to support the demand and expansion projects we discussed previously, including London, Silicon Valley and Chicago.
As a reminder, we expect elevated levels of CapEx in the second half and into 2022 as some of those projects near completion, which we highlighted, when we increased our outlook for capital investments, last quarter.
Both maintenance and corporate CapEx were down modestly year-over-year, primarily due to timing of projects. Supply chain disruptions have been a popular topic, and we're in a privileged position to have very limited exposure to the challenges that may be felt throughout the industry. Given where we are in the development cycle, we just aren't seeing an impact.
As we have discussed previously, the capacity we have available, requires limited growth capital. And as it relates to maintenance spend, we build a long pipeline by ensuring we have the equipment we need on hand, in advance of needing to perform routine maintenance. In addition, our enterprise per metal product customer with supply chain challenges, the flexibility to quickly deploy infrastructure in our data centers.
Now, turning to Slide '18 for an update on our balance sheet and capital markets activity. Leverage has improved significantly, on a sequential basis, with financial net leverage declining to 3.7x, from 5.6x last quarter. We're trending closer to our long-term target of 3x net financial leverage and are confident that we can continue to delever as EBITDA grow's and debt levels remain constant. We view this metric as the best way to measure the health of this business as we can better control the different [variables]. You can also see on this slide that lease-adjusted leverage improved 1.2 turns, to 6.3x in the third quarter.
Additionally, we recently obtained a financial commitment from Professional Bank for an equipment credit facility, in the amount of $10 million, with an interest rate of 4% and fully amortizing over 60 months. As you would expect, the financing commitment is subject to customary conditions. To date, this represents the lowest rate and longest-term financing we secured to enhance a working capital position as we procure [IP] year, in critical power and cooling equipment, throughout our global portfolio, further in strengthening our financial position.
As you might have seen from our recent press releases, both S&P and Moody's upgraded our ratings and has signed stable outlooks to our credit. This is a positive step by both agencies and reflects the strength of our Interconnection platform. The expectation for solid revenue and EBITDA growth and our increased liquidity, following the merger with Starboard. We appreciate the support of the rating agencies and believe that we will continue to grow the business effectively to meet customer demand, while also creating long-term value for our key stakeholders.
Finally, turning to 2021 guidance, on Slide '19. We are pleased to raise our outlook for both revenue and EBITDA, based on our strong year-to-date performance. We now expect total revenue in the range of $692 million to $706 million, an increase of $7.5 million (technical difficulty) at the midpoint or 1.1%. We also now expect transaction-adjusted EBITDA of $223 million to $227 million, an increase of $5 million at the midpoint, of 2.3%.
For modeling purposes, we continue to expect our share count to be approximately 166 million at the end of the year. We continue to expand -- expect expansion capital expenditures for the full year to be in the range of $65 million to $80 million, supporting an expansion project that I mentioned earlier.
And with that, thank you all for your continued support and for joining us today to discuss our third quarter results. We would like to open the floor now for questions. Operator, please?
Operator
We will now begin the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions) Our first question today comes from James Breen with William Blair.
James Dennis Breen - Communication Services Analyst
Just -- can you talk about what are the factors that you see in, sort of, improving revenue growth, whether it's expanding existing facilities or increasing penetration in facilities?
And then also, just on the CapEx side, it's moved up a little bit as a percent of revenue. Sort of, how do you feel about that, going forward, is sort of a mid-teens total CapEx, capital intensity, the right area to be in?
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
James, let me address the revenue, and then I'll pass it on to Carlos for the CapEx. But because we have the available capacity in the core markets, the revenue growth is a function of our continued bookings momentum, right? So we adjusted our go-to-market execution strategy, a few quarters back. We've seen great results from that, both on the booking side and also decreasing churn.
And so that net bookings is what's driving occupancy, which is what's driving revenue. We expect that to continue to drive the revenue growth, and that really is the focus of the team, at the moment. Carlos, from a CapEx perspective, you may want to...
Carlos Sagasta - CFO
Yes. It's a difficult one because it's going to be very much driven by how much more do we need to have, from a capacity perspective, going forward. So it's going to be a little bit lumpy, from that perspective. I would say, I would expect next year to be lower than this year, simply because we're adding capacity this year, and the spend tends to happen a few quarters before you start selling it out.
So I would think about it differently, which is the things that are constant, tend to be your maintenance, which we've always guided to about 3%. And then, your installation CapEx, we tend to, roughly, come out of that same number. I think, that's the baseline CapEx. And from there, it's going to depend on when do we add specific capacity around our key markets.
James Dennis Breen - Communication Services Analyst
So after current occupancy is, in the slide, at [69%], how do you think about that, going forward, as you move that up is -- when you get to the mid-70s, is that the point, when you think about, "okay, we have to build some new buildings, expand a little bit faster" because you're starting to sell-out the existing facility?
Carlos Sagasta - CFO
Yes. So the 69 color is our blended for the entire portfolio. Obviously, that's a decision that is done on a market-by-market basis. What we've said before is that one of our, call it, high-growth, high-demand markets reaches that mid- 70s, we start to add capacity. And that's exactly what we've done this year, around Silicon Valley and London.
James Dennis Breen - Communication Services Analyst
And anything, just on the -- obviously, bookings improving and just -- your penetration of the sales channel, anything that is working particularly well? Is the customers taking multiple sites for you, connectivity, et cetera?
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
James, what I would say is, we're differentiated, right? So we have more global scale than many of the providers that are out there. We couple that with our strong interconnection, which is top 3 in the industry. And then, when you think about our innovation and how we can make it easy for customers to consume the data center, it's a differentiated approach. And that's truly what's driving our bookings momentum. And then, we expect to continue with that message, continue to innovate and then continue to make it easy for our partners to leverage our data centers and their pursuits as well.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from Michael Rollins, from Citi.
Michael Ian Rollins - MD & U.S. Telecoms Analyst
Was curious, if you could provide more context on where you're capturing the bookings, geographically? And how did that compare against the pipeline progression that you were previously reporting?
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
Mike, so two things. On the pipeline progression, the pipeline remains strong. So we take a snapshot at the beginning of every quarter. And so that pipeline momentum is still continuing. From a bookings perspective, we've always talked about some of the markets, where we have higher occupancy, we keep mentioning London, Chicago, Silicon Valley, and so those markets are still performing very well. But we actually had significant bookings momentum across a number of markets.
And so that one of the things we are most pleased about is, it's not only bookings in a small number of markets, but across the broad platform, both direct and through channel partners.
Michael Ian Rollins - MD & U.S. Telecoms Analyst
And I apologize, if I missed this, did you provide a backlog, exiting the quarter?
Carlos Sagasta - CFO
We did not.
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
No, Mike, we did not provide a backlog.
Michael Ian Rollins - MD & U.S. Telecoms Analyst
Is that something, just in the future, that you're going to pull back on? Or is that something that, maybe in the future, you could provide and that there's, just qualitatively, any context on the book-to-bill and maybe how that compares?
Carlos Sagasta - CFO
We'll think about it, to be honest, it wasn't in our plans, but we're happy to go back and think about it.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, there are no questions at this time. So this will conclude our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Nelson Fonseca, President and CEO, for any closing remarks.
Nelson Fonseca - President, CEO & Director
Well, thank you all for your time this morning. We look forward to giving you an update, next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.