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Operator
Good morning. Thank you for joining us for the Stereotaxis Third Quarter 2018 Earnings Call.
Certain statements during the call and question-and-answer session may relate to future events, expectations and, as such, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the company in the future to be materially different from the statements that the company's key executives may make today. These risks are described in detail in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our latest periodic report on Form 10-K or 10-Q. We assume no duty to update these statements.
(Operator Instructions) As a reminder, today's call is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host, Mr. David Fischel, Chairman and CEO of Stereotaxis. Please go ahead, sir.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone. I'm joined today by Marty Stammer, our Chief Financial Officer. We continue to make progress on multiple fronts at Stereotaxis. Our primary focus is executing a robust innovation strategy and developing the commercial infrastructure to support improved performance. These are both being advanced while maintaining financial discipline.
Innovation and collaboration is crucial for a company like Stereotaxis that stands at the cutting edge of technology in the dynamic medical field of electrophysiology. We have reinvigorated Stereotaxis' commitment to innovation and collaboration and are advancing an innovation plan that is elegant, realistic and medically and commercially sound. As described previously, our innovation plan addresses the 5 core technologies utilized in a robotic cardiac ablation procedure: our robotic magnetic system, the magnetic ablation catheter, software that allows for intuitive navigation, the cardiac mapping system and the fluoroscopy system. There is tangible progress on each of these 5 technologies.
The 3 guiding goals of our innovation plan are improving patient care, improving physician choice and improving the availability of our technology. The right innovation plan can provide these benefits to patients, physicians and hospitals while also improving Stereotaxis' opportunity. Our innovation plan will more than double the annual revenue opportunity for Stereotaxis in just our existing commercial footprint of active hospital customers and should support meaningful growth in our commercial footprint.
In the second quarter, we announced an extension to our development alliance and supply agreement with Johnson & Johnson's Biosense Webster and a new collaboration with Acutus Medical, a San Diego-based private company with an innovative cardiac mapping system. The engineering effort to integrate with Acutus is advancing well. And last week, we performed our first animal study using the integrated systems.
While we have provided visibility into the focus and goals of our broader innovation efforts, I recognize we have not provided full transparency into the strategy. We take seriously our responsibility to ensure the long-term success of Stereotaxis. Our public announcements are dictated by our reporting obligations and by what that supports that long-term success. Given the progress we have observed to date, we expect and look forward to showcasing our broader innovation strategy in the first half of 2019.
Shifting to commercialization. Our overarching commercial strategy has been to put in place the institutional infrastructure and processes to ensure that our physician customers have successful, growing robotic electrophysiology practices. We believe this focus is prudent and, as it is advanced alongside specific innovations, will set the stage for a period when it makes sense to accelerate new system sales. We have a well-defined multipronged strategy here categorized into 6 fields: effective physician training, good procedure support, tools to drive physician practice growth, tools to generate patient demand, building physician relationships and supporting impactful clinical literature.
We have many individual initiatives within each of these categories, and I described several of them on previous calls. A few highlights include, first, initiating a robust robotic fellowship program. Earlier this year, we recruited the first electrophysiology fellows into a program that would supplement their traditional fellowship with training and experience in robotic magnetic navigation. We have now recruited nearly 30 fellows from over 10 leading institutions in the U.S. We are excited to be partnering with and investing in the future leaders in the field. And in the coming months, we plan to expand the program internationally.
Second, continuing to support the growth of the physician-led Society for Cardiac Robotic Navigation. Later this week, several dozen physicians, nurses and health care professionals will be gathering at the society's annual meeting in Miami. This society has evolved and grown over the last 2 years into an impactful global organization.
Third, launching roboticep.com, a new Stereotaxis website oriented towards health care professionals. The website is a significant step forward in aligning our online image with the reality of our technology being on the cutting edge of medicine. More importantly, it presents to the broader community our technology and value in an organized and elegant fashion. I encourage you to visit the website and to spend time on the Clinical Data page specifically. We put significant thought into how to most clearly present the clinical data supporting the use of robotics.
On the page, you will find a comprehensive assessment of the relevant clinical data from every head-to-head, peer-reviewed study evaluating robotic versus manual ablation that is recent and has a meaningful number of patients. The data is dramatic in showing consistent clinical benefits for the use of robotics across large number of patients and in a broad array of arrhythmia. The highlights include meaningful reductions in major adverse events, minor complications and radiation exposure and a general trend towards improved acute and long-term efficacy.
While this website will help us share our story, it also helps our existing physician and hospital customers more easily describe their clinical and technological leadership to their own stakeholders, patients, referral physicians and the broader community. We are working on a toolkit of co-marketing resources for our hospital customers that will further allow them to showcase their leadership and grow their robotic practices.
I'm proud that we have been able to advance our innovation and commercial initiatives while maintaining financial discipline. In the first 9 months of this year, we used $2 million of cash. This is the lowest cash utilization for the first 9 months of the year in Stereotaxis' history. A significant amount of this was spent on discrete innovation projects. We have reduced expenses while being much more active, nimble and effective. We have a healthy organization and a good team. While we expect a gradual increase in operating expenses as we advance specific innovation initiatives, this progress towards sustainable profitability underscores my confidence that we can advance the company towards robust growth and profitability using our current balance sheet. We started the fourth quarter with $11.6 million of cash and no debt.
One last comment before handing the call over to Marty. I want to place Stereotaxis in the appropriate broader context. Stereotaxis is the global pioneer and leader of robotics in endovascular surgery. We are confident that robotics in cardiac ablation specifically and endovascular surgery more broadly helps address the limitations, risks and challenges of manual intervention. It does so for the benefit of patients and physicians.
While the adoption of robotics in endovascular surgery is still in its infancy, the medical device industry and health care community are rapidly embracing robotics in laparoscopic, orthopedic and spinal surgery. This was most dramatically exemplified in September when Medtronic acquired Mazor Robotics, the pioneer of robotics in spinal surgery, for $1.65 billion or approximately 25x its annual sales. The valuation multiple reflects the excitement the industry has for robotic companies that are growing. As the leader of robotics in endovascular surgery, we are excited and encouraged by these broader developments. We are confident that endovascular surgery will similarly be transformed by this wave of technological progress.
I will now pass the call over to Marty to discuss our financial results in more detail.
Martin C. Stammer - CFO
Thanks, David, and good morning, everyone. Revenue for the third quarter of 2018 totaled $7.6 million. Recurring revenue was $6.8 million in the third quarter, up 4% from $6.5 million in the prior year quarter. Recurring revenue for the first 9 months of 2018 of $21 million was up 5% from the first 9 months of 2017.
System revenue in the third quarter was $700,000, down from $1.6 million in the prior year quarter. System revenue in the prior year quarter primarily reflected the shipment of a Niobe System to an international distributor. Gross margin in the quarter was $5.9 million or 78% of revenue compared to $6.2 million and 76% of revenue in the third quarter of 2017.
Operating expenses in the third quarter were $6 million, down from $6.1 million in the prior year quarter. Operating expenses for the first 9 months of the year were $19.7 million, down from $20.4 million during the same period of 2017. The change in operating expenses primarily reflects increased investment in research and development, partially offset by decreased general and administrative expenses.
Operating loss and net loss in the third quarter were $100,000. Negative free cash flow in the third quarter was $400,000 compared to $600,000 in the year-ago third quarter. Negative free cash flow for the first 9 months of 2018 was $2 million compared to $3.9 million in the first 9 months of 2017. At September 30, 2018, Stereotaxis had cash and cash equivalents of $11.6 million, no debt and $3.2 million in unused borrowing capacity on its revolving credit facility for a total net liquidity of $14.8 million.
I'll now hand the call back to David.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Thank you, Marty. As detailed in our press release, we look forward to closing out 2018 with record recurring revenue of approximately $28 million. We are working hard to ensure 2019 sets up to be an exciting year of overall growth. We are comfortable that our balance sheet will allow us to deliver on our commercial and innovation initiatives over the coming years and reach profitability without the need for additional financings.
That concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, can you please open the line to questions?
Operator
(Operator Instructions) We'll first go to John Morganelli, private investor.
John Morganelli
I just wanted to commend the leadership of the company again for keeping things moving. And just one question real quick, and that was, in the last call, there was mention, I think, by David as to attempts to get on NASDAQ. And now that the stock has been holding steadily above $1, what are the plans with respect to trying to get on the NASDAQ?
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
So actually, to uplift on NASDAQ, I think there might be some confusion because I have heard others speaking about a $1 stock price. And the $1 stock price is really to, I think if you're on NASDAQ, to remain listed on NASDAQ. In order to uplift to NASDAQ, we have to have a stock price of $2 a share for a period of several -- a few weeks, several weeks, or we have to have a stock price of $3 a share for a few days. And so I think kind of the strategy and plan right now is exactly as I've described before. We are not planning to do anything like a reverse stock split in the near term. And if we would do so, it would be paired with a very positive news. But kind of really right now, our goal is to have the stock price naturally get to those levels where we could uplift.
Operator
We'll next go to [J. R. Grand], also a private investor.
Unidentified Participant
I have a lot of friends who are actually using this product, incredible, excited -- incredibly excited about the machines, what you guys are doing it. Yet the problem is that the stock high was like $6 and it's right now trading at $1.50, around. What are the chances of somebody taking over? What I heard that some of these companies, which is -- there's a possibility of taking over this since the stock price is $6 at the high -- at its high.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
So a few kind of comments on that. One is, I mean, at least for the last couple of years, we -- the stock price has not been at $6 or the stock price has generally been much lower. Stereotaxis has a long history. And so if you go far back into the history, you're right, the stock price has been at $6 and has been higher than that even kind of over the previous years. Kind of in terms of what you seem to be worried about or alluding to, I guess that's not something that we are concerned about. We have kind of a shareholder base, which is committed to the long-term success of Stereotaxis. We have a plan that we feel is elegant and that improves the company fundamentally. And so really, our focus is on executing on our strategy and turning Stereotaxis into a successful company. I don't kind of -- I don't think I share the same concern that you have.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) We'll next go to [Mike Hammer].
Unidentified Participant
I'm excited about the news and excited about your commitment to the goals. And not stated in there was really your Investor Relations. And I -- actually, as an investor, I'm more excited that you're committed to the product and developing that than the share price. So kudos to you guys for working hard at it. I guess, in your remarks, David, the one thing that just kind of flagged me just a little bit was your comments on something around transparency. I don't know if that was -- could you give me some clarification on that? Was that a greater commitment to more transparency with things that are happening in the company and sales, those kinds of things? Just some clarification on that.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Sure. So first, on your first comment about the kind of commitment to kind of the fundamental efforts versus stock price, we're committed to what we can control. So I can't control the stock price. I can control or try to impact our fundamental performance. So that's exactly like you say, that's where we put our focus on. In terms of the transparency, that really was a comment that was tied to our innovation efforts. So I know we have described our innovation strategy in broader strokes in terms of the focus of it, the types of core technology of better using robotic ablation procedure and kind of -- and that we're focusing on those 5 from an R&D perspective and collaboration perspective.
And I've also described the guiding goals of that innovation strategy in terms of improving patient care, improving physician choice and improving the availability of the technology. And so it's kind of -- that is a broader kind of broad stroke of the strategy. I understand that you and hospitals and physicians and the internal team here, those that aren't kind of based at headquarters, would like to probably know more of that strategy at some point. And so I think that the right timing is likely going to be in the first half of 2019 to be able to share much more.
Operator
We'll next go to [Chris Basta].
Unidentified Participant
First off, congrats on the continued rise in recurring revenues. I think it's very encouraging to see the company remains on plan to achieve record recurring revenues this year. And with that foundation in place of this high-margin revenue, any growth in system sales will obviously be a meaningful catalyst, so I'm looking forward to 2019. With that being said, can you give more color? You made, David, a comment about doubling the potential opportunity. Can you put some color around that?
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
So I would prefer not to provide much more color. I think that's the type of color that when we present the innovation strategy in 20 -- in the first half of 2019 will become much clearer. What I did say was that, if you look again at the innovation strategy that is focused on those 5 core technologies, as that comes out -- and it might not all come out at exactly the same time, so it might come out in kind of a stepwise approach. If you look at just our existing customer base in terms of the number of active sites we have and the number of procedures that are being performed robotically each year, just among that existing footprint, we would have revenue that is more than double where we are today. And so that was kind of what the comment was meant to describe.
And again, you can look at the 5 core technologies. That doesn't mean that we capture all the revenue that happens in a procedure. Oftentimes, in cardiac ablation procedures, there's many thousands of dollars, high single-digit thousands or even $10,000 worth of disposables being sold per case. I'm not at all suggesting that we're going to be owning every aspect of a procedure. But again, as we kind of improve our product offering and start to participate in different ways, we will have an opportunity that's more than double our current revenues just at the existing footprint.
Unidentified Participant
So I know you don't want to disclose too much, but can we -- should we be thinking about this innovation plan as potentially driving a replacement cycle within the installed base you have as well as driving new system sales?
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
So we have top -- I think I mentioned a few earnings calls ago that when I step back and look at some of these kind of glaring holes, something like a replacement cycle is an obvious one, where every capital equipment company I know of has a replacement cycle. The fact that we have 100 active customers, approximately 100, a little bit over 100 active hospital customers and no replacement cycle is strange. And so it would make sense that, that's kind of a hole or kind of a strange observation that we would be thinking to address. But that by itself wouldn't account for a doubling of our market opportunity that might contribute to that, but that wouldn't drive that by itself.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) And we did have another question queue up. We'll take that from [Chris Denny].
Unidentified Participant
I guess, I just had a more of a curiosity question. Do you guys see any effect on tariffs affecting your margins or anything like that? And I had a separate question.
Martin C. Stammer - CFO
See if I can jump in on that one. At this point, we haven't seen much on the COGS side, so on the supply side. We don't have too many vendors that are based in areas that are being hit by tariffs. On the sales side, we are seeing a little bit more in the regions, especially within APAC, where the tariffs are impacting us. But as a percentage of our total business, that's a pretty small portion.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Yes. But we did have probably in the low tens of thousands of dollars of kind of additional taxes or fees that we had to pay. So there's some hit. So again, it's not huge, but it wasn't particularly fun to pay last quarter.
Unidentified Participant
Right. Is that scheduled to increase, do you know?
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
No. I think the last quarter was fairly representative of what we would expect.
Martin C. Stammer - CFO
Yes. I think it's a little bit hard to forecast what's going to be in the future, but we don't anticipate any changes at this point in time.
Unidentified Participant
Good. And then I was kind of curious from a sales -- from a system sales perspective, are there -- like what sort of drivers are out there to get a hospital to pay out this big chunk of money? Is there expiring equipment that perhaps push them into the decision? Or do you primarily just rely on the superiority of the machine and maybe a few key doctors' recommendations?
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Sure. So when you talk about expiry of a system, do you mean that another technology is expiring and that's why they would adopt a robotic practice? Or what exactly were you -- we're a very differentiated technology. So there's not -- we're not used as a replacement for another technology that they used to have that's expiring. We really stand kind of alone in terms of a very different approach to medicine in this field. And what usually starts to drive the interest is physician interest. So there's a clinical interest that is aroused. It's aroused because physicians visit the hospital that does have the technology and they suddenly see this very new and innovative way to move catheters and they see the clinical data and that strokes their interest.
Or for example, I described the fellowship -- the robotic fellowship program that we started earlier this year and that has really kind of taken hold. I'm fairly confident that over time, as many of these fellows graduate, that we'll seed the world with many younger electrophysiologists who have an appreciation for the technology and that might be supportive of new system placements. But it really starts with that strong clinical support. And then it's up to us working with the physicians who desire the product to work through the administrative process, which oftentimes is the very kind of difficult, long, cumbersome effort to get an actual system sales to take place. And that's where kind of -- the more that we can reduce the complexity and the barriers to administrative approvals of these purchases, I think the better off and the more successful we'll be in terms of our results.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Okay, it looks like we have no further questions at this time, so I'd like to turn it back to our speakers for any additional or closing remarks.
David Leo Fischel - CEO & Chairman
Okay. Thank you all for your many questions and good questions. Thank you also for your continued support and interest in Stereotaxis. We wish you a good end to the year, and we look forward to working hard on your behalf over the coming months and speaking again in 2019.
Operator
That does conclude today's conference. We thank everyone again for their participation.