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Operator
Greetings, and welcome to the Proto Labs Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions)
It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Daniel Schumacher, Director of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.
Dan Schumacher - Director of IR and FP&A
Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. With me today is Vicki Holt, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and John Way, our Chief Financial Officer.
This morning, before the market opened, Proto Labs issued a press release announcing its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018. The release is available on the company's website at protolabs.com.
Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that our discussion will include statements relating to future performance and expectations that are or may be considered forward-looking statements and subject to many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Please refer to our earnings press release and recent SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for information on certain risks that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially and adversely from any forward-looking statements made today.
Additionally, the results and guidance we will discuss include non-GAAP financial measures consistent with our past practice. Please refer to our press release within the Investor Relations section of our company website for a complete reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP results.
And finally, this quarter is the second full quarter that includes the results of the rapid manufacturing acquisition that we completed at the end of 2017. And therefore, it's a component of our year-over-year comparison.
Now I'd like to turn the call over to Vicki Holt, President and Chief Executive Officer of Proto Labs. Vicki?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Thank you, Dan. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us on our second quarter conference call.
Proto Labs had another strong growth quarter, reporting record quarterly revenue and earnings in the second quarter. Our execution drove strong business performance in each of our geographic region and in each of our services as demonstrated in our financial results. We reported revenue of $109.7 million in the second quarter. This represented growth of 34% over the prior year.
In addition to our revenue growth, we continue to service a record number of product developers. Our unique product developers increased 18.7% to 19,198 compared to the prior year. This does not include unique product developers served through our Rapid acquisition. We continue to work to integrate this data.
Looking at a breakdown by geography; the U.S., our largest market, produced record revenue and strong growth of 36% over the prior year including the benefit from the Rapid acquisition. Europe also produced record quarterly revenue growth of 25% which benefited from foreign currency. On a constant currency basis, revenue growth was 16%.
Our Japan region grew 21% on a reported basis and 19% in constant currency. On the topic of Japan, we are pleased to welcome (inaudible) to Proto Labs as Japan's new Country Manager. (inaudible) joined us at the beginning of July and has experienced growing innovative businesses at multinational companies such as Sony, Philips and Merck. I'm confident (inaudible) has the background to successfully lead our Japan operation.
Moving to revenue by service. Injection molding revenue increased 10% compared to the second quarter of 2017. We're pleased that the service returned to double-digit growth in the quarter. Our CNC machining service had another standout quarter resulting in record quarterly revenue and a 56% year-over-year growth. This year-over-year growth benefited from the acquisition of Rapid. The ability to achieve and deliver growth of this magnitude is a testament to our scalable model and dedicated team to deliver high quality machined parts in as fast as a day to our customers.
3D printing revenue was also a record and increased 22% from the prior year. We continue to demonstrate our leadership in the 3D space in the market. Recently, it was announced that Proto Labs joined the manufacturing partner network of GE Additive. This is an exciting opportunity for Proto labs to partner with GE Additive to further advance and provide access to industrial grade additive manufacturing technologies and materials.
In addition to this announcement, it was recognized in winning the creative use of 3D printing award at the 2018 3D Printing Industry Awards for its Black Panther Brisk promotion with PepsiCo. As a leader in 3D, we continue to expand our capabilities and leverage our world-class knowledge to serve our customers. And finally, sheet metal, our newest service, contributed $6.3 million in revenue.
Now I would like to update you on our 2018 priorities. As previously noted, we have 3 key priorities this year. First, to grow revenue by expanding our customer base and penetrating our existing customers. Second, enhance our capabilities by expanding our services and third, increase the scale of our operations, including the integration of Rapid manufacturing.
Our first priority is to continue to evolve our sales approach and engagement with our customers to drive revenue growth. Our strong revenue growth this quarter and strong growth in the number of unique product developers served demonstrates we are making progress. We're also looking for additional avenues to reach more customers and provide our expertise to help grow their businesses. We feel partnering with GE Additive will continue to provide visibility for Proto Labs and contribute to the growth of our business over the long term.
Our remaining priorities are to continue to expand the services we offer and increase the scale of our operations. Our focus with both of these priorities is on the integration of the Rapid acquisition.
As a reminder, this acquisition added sheet metal as a new service to our portfolio and also expanded our CNC capabilities. It's my Executive Team's priority to integrate the business and make sure our operations in New Hampshire have the capacity and processes to serve our customers as we increase the volumes.
Increasing the capacity starts with reviewing the operations process. We have deployed our lean continuous improvement professionals to take a fresh look at the workflow of the operations. Optimizing this workflow and developing plans for increased automation will help improve the productivity of the operation. With revised workflow, we are now adding the equipment and resources required to increase the capacity of both the sheet metal and CNC operations in New Hampshire. We have also brought our CNC R&D teams together to leverage each other's intentions and improve the CNC capabilities and automation at both locations. Simultaneously we are preparing and aligning our customer-facing organization with process alignment and training to continue to delight our customers with new offering.
In addition to scaling the sheet metal and CNC operations in New Hampshire, we recognized during due diligence that the Wire and Cable business we acquired was a very manual process and was not core to our business or scalable. Wire and Cable was not a significant portion of the business with first quarter revenues of $500,000. As a result, we divested this business effective April 30.
We are pleased with another quarter of greater than 30% growth and will continue to focus on execution of our priorities to drive business performance as the year progresses.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to John.
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Thank you, Vicki. Revenue in the second quarter was $109.7 million, an increase of $28 million or 34% over the same quarter in 2017. As Vicki stated, our revenue growth this quarter benefited from our acquisition of Rapid Manufacturing. To help with sizing, the Rapid business had approximately $11.3 million to revenue in the second quarter of 2017. In addition, foreign currency represented $1.5 million benefit in the quarter with the remaining increase representing organic growth. Gross profit for the quarter was $59.2 million, an increase of $12.8 million over the comparable quarter of the prior year.
Gross margin was 54%, a sequential improvement from 53.7% we reported in the first quarter. This compares with 56.5% in the second quarter last year. As stated in our prior earnings call, Rapid has about 200 basis point headwind to our consolidated gross margins that accounts for the majority of the year-over-year change. Operating expenses totaled $37.2 million or 34% of total revenue for the second quarter of 2018.
As a percent of revenue, this was slightly higher than last year's 36.6% with the increase relating to seasonality of the marketing spend and the increased investment in our research and development activities. As we look to year-over-year, operating expense as a percent of revenue improved from 36.5%. On a non-GAAP basis, operating expenses were 31.1% of revenue compared to 31% last quarter and 33.9% in the second quarter of 2017.
Sales and marketing expense was 16% of revenue, an improvement from 17.8% in the second quarter of 2017, as we are seeing initial returns from the investments we have made in the sales organization.
GAAP operating income increased 34% to $22 million or 20% of revenue in the second quarter. Adjusting for stock-based compensation and amortization, our non-GAAP operating income was $25.5 million or 23.3% of revenue compared to $18.8 million or 22.9% of revenue in the prior year, representing 35.9% growth in adjusted operating earnings outpacing our revenue growth of 33.7%.
Our GAAP effective tax rate was 19.6% in the second quarter. The current quarter tax rate includes tax benefits associated with stock option and other equity activity. On an adjusted non-GAAP basis, tax rate was 22.5% compared to 31.3% in the prior year. The reduction in the rate is due to the change in the U.S. corporate tax rate and creates a tremendous benefit for the earnings and cash flow of our business.
On a GAAP reporting basis, net income totaled $18.3 million resulting in diluted earnings per share of $0.67. Adding back the after-tax cost of stock compensation, amortization of intangibles, unrealized foreign currency gains and eliminating the gain on the sale of the Rapid Wire & Cable and Finland businesses, our non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in the quarter was $0.73, representing a 49% increase over the prior year.
Now turning to our cash flow. We generated $33.2 million in cash from operations during the quarter. Capital spending was $17.7 million and includes continued investments in our new Brooklyn Park facility and the addition of equipment to support the growth of the business, particularly in our CNC machining service.
We ended the quarter with a cash and marketable securities balance of one $145 million on June 30, up from a $130 million at the end of last quarter.
Now I'd like to provide our expectations for the 3rd quarter of 2018. Given the quick turn nature of our business with very limited backlog, we still feel that it is most appropriate to provide quarterly guidance for our business. We currently expect Q3 revenue to be in the range of $110 million to $115 million, a growth in the range of 25% to 31%. This revenue guidance reflects the following factors. Q3 comparisons with 2017 will benefit from the inclusion of Rapid Manufacturing. We estimate foreign currency will have a negligible impact on our Q3 revenues compared to the prior year.
Moving to earnings guidance. Our non-GAAP add-backs for the quarter will include stock compensation cost of approximately $3 million and amortization cost of $800,000. We currently estimate our tax rate to be approximately 22% to 23% in Q3. Taking into consideration all the above, we expect our quarterly non-GAAP EPS to be between $0.71 and $0.77 per share in the 3rd quarter.
That concludes our formal remarks. Now Vicky and I would be happy to take your questions.
Operator
Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. (Operator Instructions) Our first question is coming from Brian Drab of William Blair. Please go ahead.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
I have to say I'm a little disappointed you couldn't figure out how to rapidly fabricate a wiring harness.
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
It is a very manual process and as you know, our business model is really focused on things that we can automate and scale. And that business, it's very difficult to automate and scale.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
And that was 500 per quarter you said?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
Can you estimate at all the Rapid contribution, I know that there is -- it gets convoluted now with the CNC business being combined, but is it fair to assume that that was around $12 million that you would have gotten from Rapid?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
So, Brian, I think in the comments, looking at last year, last year was about $11.3 million of revenue for Rapid. It's similar growth rate to the overall business. So your number is probably not far off.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
$11.3 million was in 2Q '17?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Correct.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
Okay. And that included the wiring harness business then as well, right?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Correct.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
And then selling and marketing, as a percentage of sales, it's moved -- on an adjusted basis, has moved into this kind of 15% to 16% range, what do you expect going forward?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
I think kind of consistent with what we've been saying, the 16% to -- that range kind of consistent with where we're at, is where we'll continue to expect it to trend.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
And then I'll get back in line, after one more. The headwind from Rapid and from Alpha, if you can give any numbers around that in terms of gross margin in the second quarter, that'd be great. Thanks.
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Yes. So as we stated, the Rapid has about 200 basis point headwind gross margin, it's still in that -- about 40% range. As we look at Europe, we saw a little bit of improvement in the gross margin in the 3D printing business in Europe this quarter, approaching the 20% range. So the headwind there is about 170 basis points.
Operator
Our next question is coming from Troy Jensen of Piper Jaffray. Please go ahead.
Troy Donavon Jensen - MD and Senior Research Analyst
Congrats on the great results. Hey Vicky, can you guys give us more color on GE Additive and how this partnership's working? Are you just primarily providing overflow volumes for them or just more color would be great.
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes. So it's actually a partnership where we'll have access to lot of the capabilities that GE Additive has built over the years in the metal 3D printing to help us help our customers as they look to develop programs, primarily for production parts. So as you know, a lot of our fleet of 3D printing equipment is Concept Laser equipment. We feel we've got a very strong expertise in operating and maintaining Concept Laser equipment and producing high-quality metal 3D printed parts. And that's the value to GE, our Concept Laser and wants to promote that technology to further customers. So it may involve Proto Labs providing some 3D printed parts to GE Aerospace or GE Medical as they build out production type applications from metal 3D printing within their other GE products. But the partnership really is focused more with GE Additive and promoting metal 3D printing, design for metal 3D printing, production capability and quality control for metal 3D printing so that we can expand the use of metal 3D printing as a real cost effective solution for companies that take advantage of the design flexibility that metal 3D printing can provide for their products.
Troy Donavon Jensen - MD and Senior Research Analyst
Sounds like a great partnership. Next question, injection molding, you sound happy it's back to double digits. I guess I'm curious to think just to know if you think you can accelerate, if you think about that business, you've added low volume injection molding, you've added over molding, insert molding and it's going to (inaudible) an easy comp. So your -- thoughts on kind of you guys' penetration in injection molding?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes. I always wanted to go faster, but what I have to say, as we move from being just a prototype supplier to be also a supplier of on-demand manufacturing services, we are developing relationships with supply chain managers and getting involved in production programs that have longer close cycles. Our pipeline is filling up nicely. We're seeing some nice wins in on-demand manufacturing, but we're also recognizing as we do so, we're adding to -- having to add other capabilities in order to be able to provide those solutions that customers expect in production parts and we have to bring those on, then work to automate and scale them as we advance them. So, I think we're making great progress. We're really pleased to see the 10% impact to double-digit growth. Acceleration, we're going to have to take it one step at a time, because it's a longer selling cycle and it's a pretty dramatic shift for us with our customers. But I'm pleased with the performance and how we are repositioning the company.
Troy Donavon Jensen - MD and Senior Research Analyst
Last question from me, just on Rapid integration. Have you benefited yet from cross selling? I'm sure you can sell your Proto Lab services to Rapid's customers but when we'd be able to flip that and sell your customers to the Rapid service?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes, that (inaudible) and we really haven't seen huge benefit from that yet. Our focus, as I mentioned in the first half of the year, was first to really redesign a lot of the processes that we had in Rapid for sheet metal and even some of the complementary CNC services. And then we're focusing on making sure we're automating some of that with new software tools and capabilities so that it can scale. And then as we moved into second quarter and then further into third, we're adding some capacity to make sure that they've got the equipment as well before we flip the switch. In parallel, we have been training our sales forces, aligning the sales teams so that it will be smooth and seamless with customers as we begin to do the cross selling more [earnest] as we go toward the end of the year. So it's been a very disciplined process so that we make sure that our customers don't have a negative experience with those new services. We want them to be delighted with the on-time delivery and the quality and the service that they get. So we've done a little bit of work there to make sure we're ready and we've made a lot of progress there and gearing up capacity here in the third quarter and turning on our sales force here as we move toward the end of the year.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our next question is coming from Jim Ricchiuti of Needham & Company.
James Andrew Ricchiuti - Senior Analyst
I apologize, joined the call a few minutes late, but I wanted to -- I think I heard that you indicated you saw the 10% growth in the injection molding business, is that right, Vicky?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes, we saw year-over-year growth of 10% in IM, yes.
James Andrew Ricchiuti - Senior Analyst
Will you be able to provide any additional color as to what's driving that? Is that just the improved tone to the manufacturing sector? Any additional color, improved productivity and the sales force?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
I think there is a lot of factors that are driving this. We launched on-demand manufacturing last year, our sales team has been working hard to build relationships across the supply chain and procurement and operation sides of our customers in order to be able to do more than just prototyping but to be able to bridge over to on-demand manufacturing, and there's been a lot of training that's taken place among our sales force around selling injection molded tooling, not just for prototyping but for the benefits that our on-demand manufacturing service can bring to companies to reduce risk and optimize supply chain on the supply chain side. So we're starting to see some benefits of that. It's a longer selling cycle process, but I think that's certainly part of what we're seeing getting us back to double-digit growth there.
James Andrew Ricchiuti - Senior Analyst
And I noticed also in the revenue per developer, the average revenue per developer, there you're showing, I think this is the second quarter where you've shown some nice double-digit growth in that area, how should we think about what's happening there?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
That's usually mix. So if we're seeing injection molding and injection molding parts, it's mix, if we see a high mix of 3D printing growth, you might see that drop a little bit. And so that is going to be somewhat variable depending on the shift in mix that we might see on a quarter-to-quarter basis.
James Andrew Ricchiuti - Senior Analyst
And then final question from me, just -- it's been a bit of a (inaudible) in 3D printing in Europe, but do you feel like you're kind of turning the corner, I mean just the fact that you showed some decent margin improvement in that part of the business. What's your sense in that area?
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
I do think we're making progress. We've got ways to go to reach for our goals or for that gross margin. So we've got that step we want to see taking place really for the next 4 quarters with projects to continue to optimize our cost structure there. The market is a challenging market. It's different than the North American market, the pricing is a little bit different than here in North America. So it is a challenge for us to reach the kinds of margins that we see here in North America for 3D P. But we've got things that we can do, again on the cost side and in the mix side and we're really focusing on more differentiated applications with our customers and trying to move away from the more commodity and continuing to be a leader with the latest technologies. So our metal 3D printing business is doing very well in Europe and has a much better margin portfolio than the plastic portfolio. We've launched the HP Jet Fusion, which is seeing some good traction in Europe and positioning ourselves as the technology leader there on the plastic space. So we've got to continue to pursue that angle of the technology and trying to steer away from some of the segments that have become a little more commoditized in that market.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Brian Drab of William Blair.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
I know that you mentioned that you're understandably only providing the quarterly guidance, but is there any particular reason why you didn't give even a qualitative comment on your original full-year guidance given you did last quarter?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Yes, Brian, I think as we progress through the year, giving comments on the full year really would be providing guidance for the fourth quarter at this stage too and just given the quick turn nature of our business, we feel that the quarterly guidance is the most appropriate for us.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
I just want to make sure that there is nothing that we should be thinking about for the fourth quarter that's changed from your perspective or is it just purely not wanting to give a precise guidance for the fourth quarter at the moment?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
That's the reason.
Brian Paul Drab - Partner & Analyst
Yes, okay. Nothing that would be a concern, John (inaudible)?
John A. Way - CFO & Executive VP of Development
Nothing is changed.
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Yes. Nothing is changed. We feel good about the business, we're really pleased of how the team executed in the third quarter. We're just executing on it in second quarter, we're just executing on the strategy, executing on the strategy.
Operator
Thank you. At this time, I'd like to turn the floor back over to Ms. Holt for closing comments.
Victoria M. Holt - CEO, President & Director
Thank you again for joining us today. We remain excited about the outlook for Proto Labs. As we look ahead, we are confident that our current market trends are favorable to our strengths and our business model. Our differentiated, technology-enabled digital manufacturing platform has demonstrated the ability to help companies and entrepreneurs get their products to market faster than their competition. We continue to innovate our service offerings and technology interface and features to enhance our customers' experience. I want to thank the Proto Labs employees for their efforts and I want to thank our customers for their support. We are committed to enhancing our revenue growth and driving greater shareholder value over the longer term and we look forward to reporting to you on our progress during our next call. Thank you.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time and have a wonderful day.