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Operator
Good morning, and welcome to the Pool Corporation First Quarter 2018 Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) Please note today's event is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Mark Joslin, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead, sir.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Thank you, Rocco. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our First Quarter 2018 Earnings Call. I'd like to remind our listeners that our discussion, comments and responses to questions today may include forward-looking statements, including management's outlook for 2018 and future results may differ materially from those discussed today. Information regarding the factors and variables that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results is discussed in our 10-K.
In addition, we may make references to non-GAAP financial measures in our comments. A description and reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures is posted to our corporate website in our Investor Relations section.
Now I'll turn the call over to our President and CEO, Manny Perez de la Mesa. Manny?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Mark, and good morning to everyone on the call.
In the first 2 months of 2018, we were off to a very strong start, only to be hit by multiple storms in March, which reduced our customers' ability to get work done as well as delayed pool openings and seasonal markets.
This weather headwind has carried over into April, although fortunately, we should be able to recover most of the sales over the balance of the year. Despite this headwind, we still realized 5.4% base business sales growth, 6.2% base business profit growth and an 11.2% increase in base business operating income, all of which are solid.
Our base business sales growth in our 4 largest markets, California, Florida, Texas and Arizona, was 6.4%, while the growth in the rest of the markets that we serve was 3.7%, as these markets were the most affected by the weather. These base business sales results include our green business, which had a 10% base business sales increase in the quarter, as our network is largely in the Sunbelt and less impacted by the weather.
On the product side of sales, building materials continued its strong performance, with 9% growth, while commercial had 15% growth. In addition, pool equipment growth was 7%. The growth in these product categories reflect both the ongoing recovery in the remodel and replacement sectors of our business as well as consistent market share gains, and are especially noteworthy given the inclement weather.
The retail product side of our business decreased by 3% in the quarter, which is where the impact of delayed pool openings is most apparent. There should be some catch-up here in the second quarter when pools are opened.
Our gross margins were up modestly due to minor product and customer mix differences. These differences in mix should largely work themselves out during the course of the year.
Our expenses in the quarter were largely as expected, reflecting our ongoing investments in technology and fleet assets, together with volume-related cost increases.
Our base business operating margin increase of 40 bps is a testament to our operating disciplines and continuous process improvements.
We increased our annual guidance by $0.09 to a new range of $5.45 to $5.70 to recognize the benefit from ASU 2016-09. We're cognizant that we are just now entering the seasonally busiest time of the year, which is when our service level and value proposition are most instinctive, as we work to help our customers succeed.
Our results are only possible because of the commitment of our people throughout the company to our customers, our suppliers and into each other.
We're extremely fortunate to be involved in a business where our 4,000 employees work every day to help people realize their dreams of a better home life, while simultaneously assisting over 120,000 customers realize success. We look forward to making 2018 another successful year as we continue to create exceptional value.
Now I'll turn the call over to Mark for his financial commentary.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Thank you, Manny. As you can see from our results, our base business gross profit increased 6% in the quarter while base business operating expenses increased 5%, resulting in 40 basis points of base business operating margin expansion. We think this is a good result, particularly given the weather-driven falloff in sales that we experienced late in the quarter.
Acquisitions had a bigger-than-normal impact on our results in the quarter, given that we completed 6 of them in the last year, bringing in 10 new locations, which resulted in a combined operating loss of $1.3 million for the quarter.
Moving down to P&L. You can see that interest and other nonoperating expenses were relatively flat year-over-year. This line is composed of interest expense, which was up nearly $1.5 million year-over-year due to higher interest rates and higher debt. And other gains and losses included -- including interest rate swap settlements that offset the higher interest cost in the quarter.
For modeling purposes, I would not expect that offset to continue and would use a 75 basis point year-over-year higher interest rate on debt for the balance of the year.
Moving on to taxes. I think we've covered this pretty well in our press release, but we'll reiterate a few points here. As we discussed on our year-end call and mentioned in the release, tax reform lowered our historical annual tax rate of about 38.5% to a projected 25.5%, excluding the impact of ASU 2016-09. Although this may vary some by quarter, that is where we expect our tax rate to be at the end of the year.
On our year-end call, we had also discussed our approach to providing guidance on ASU 2016-09, which was to exclude -- I'm sorry, which was to include in our projections only the known impact from vested options that would expire, if not exercised, as well as the impact from vesting of any restricted stock grants. We had estimated this known impact from ASU 2016-09 to reduce our 2008 (sic)[2018]income tax expense by $5.4 million and add $0.13 to EPS, all in the first quarter.
Given both the increase in our share price following that estimate as well as the pull-forward of future option exercises into Q1 that would have expired in 2019 and later years, we instead recorded a $9 million reduction in tax expense in the quarter, which added $0.22 to our earnings per share. This $0.09 EPS improvement was added to our guidance range for the year, as noted.
Moving on now to the balance sheet and cash flow. Our total receivables grew 8% year-over-year while inventory grew 9%, both slightly ahead of our 7% revenue growth in the quarter, but reasonable when adjusted for acquisitions. The quality of these assets remains strong as they have historically.
Turning to cash flow. You can see that our $44 million seasonal use of cash to fund operating activities [Audio Gap] dollars more than 2017, including an approximate $4 million benefit from our lower tax rate this year compared to last. One factor accounting for the additional cash usage, and which we reference in our press release, was an inventory payment normally made in Q2, that because of favorable terms, was instead paid in Q1.
Factoring this in, our cash flow from operations would have improved in the first quarter from last year, which should be evidenced in our Q2 cash flow results.
Note as well that our capital expenditures are down $4.5 million this year from last, reflecting the early year timing of vehicle purchases last year, but also an expectation that our capital expenditure should be more modest this year than last.
One final comment, which is on modeling of our results for the balance of the year. As we have mentioned, we have confidence in our earnings guidance range for the year and expect that much of the business loss in Q1 due to weather conditions, including delayed pool openings and lower construction or remodeling activity, will be recaptured later in the year.
Although the impact from delayed pool openings will be pushed to Q2, given April weather conditions and the capacity constraints of our customers, overall, we expect Q2 results to be more modest, with some pickup in the back half of the year.
Now I'll turn the call over to our operator to begin our question-and-answer session. Rocco?
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Today's first question comes from Anthony Lebiedzinski of Sidoti & Company.
Anthony Chester Lebiedzinski - Equity Analyst
So Mark, just a follow-up on the -- on your last comment as far as 2Q and the capacity constraints. Are you seeing, as far as capacity constraints, in all your markets? Or is it more so in some of your year-round markets? Maybe you could just touch on that first.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Yes, sure, Anthony. I mean, we have higher demand in really all our markets in the peak part of the season, which is May, June, July, a little bit in April. Although that's certainly more pronounced in the seasonal markets and -- so there'll be constraints throughout the network, but more predominant in the seasonal markets. So as I mentioned, the openings, of course, are going to happen, and that's pushed into Q2. But where the construction and renovation activities are generally strong, demand is good. We'll see some impact from that capacity constraint throughout.
Anthony Chester Lebiedzinski - Equity Analyst
Got it. Okay. And as far as your operating expenses, obviously, you called out the components of that. I was just wondering if -- was there any -- some timing issues? Or was this kind of more or less in line with what you expected?
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Well, the timing issue is more -- we're ramping up for a little bit higher sales activity in the quarter. So -- but otherwise, the -- expenses are pretty well as expected. So no issues there from our standpoint.
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
And just to add there that we have the acquisitions that came into the equation during the course of the year, and Mark mentioned the 6 acquisitions, the first one of note happened or came into play in the second quarter of last year. And the last ones came in the -- late in the fourth quarter. So what you've got is you've got that playing into it as well as opening of several new locations as well. So that's the -- overall expenses are pretty much in line with what we expected.
Anthony Chester Lebiedzinski - Equity Analyst
Got it right. So as the season progresses, I imagine that you'll start to see benefits from those acquisitions, right?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Definitely, yes. Some of -- in fact, if you look at the negative in the quarter, part of that is the nature of where the locations are, where, obviously, the fourth and first quarters and seasonal markets are a drag. But then you have the pickups in the second and third.
Anthony Chester Lebiedzinski - Equity Analyst
Got it. Okay. And lastly, as far as May share repurchases were rather modest in the first quarter, and they were rather modest last year in the first quarter as well. So should we expect a similar kind of pattern of share buybacks this year versus -- they're going to be kind of similar to the last year? Can you help us on that?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Right. Yes. Our objective here -- we finished the quarter well in the lower end of our target debt-to-EBITDA in terms of capital structure. And given the strong cash flow expectations that we have for the year, it's reasonable to expect that we're going to buy 1 million-or-so shares back during the course of the year. And that will happen during the course of the year. It's hard to project when that will happen exactly, but that's our objective.
Operator
And ladies and gentlemen, our next question comes from Garik Shmois of Longbow Research.
Garik Simha Shmois - Senior Research Analyst
I just wanted to ask about your outlook for base business growth. I think coming out of 4Q, you were looking about 6% to 7% for the year. And just given the slow start to the season, just wondering if how you're viewing the base business guidance that you provided previously.
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
The same 6% to 7%, probably closer to 6% than 7%, but largely unchanged. The expectation is, as we mentioned, pool openings just are delayed a little bit, a few weeks. And -- but those happen, and there's injection of products that pool owners consume when they open up their pools and balance the chemistry in the water. And then secondly, in terms of the inclement weather and delaying our customers that are working outside, the expectation is that, over the course of the year, that will largely balance out with less rainfall. And to that end, they'll be able to catch up. They won't be able to catch up, as Mark mentioned, in the second quarter unnecessarily because they're pretty well booked, and that's typically a capacity quarter. But the expectation is that the demand is strong, and they'll be able to catch up at some point during the course of the year.
Garik Simha Shmois - Senior Research Analyst
Okay. And as it relates to OpEx leverage moving through the next 3 quarters of the year. Is it fair to assume, just given your commentary around how 2Q is looking, that you'll see a bounce back in leverage in the second half of the year in conjunction with when you're expecting to see the acceleration of sales growth?
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Sure. So there's 2 parts here. One part is base business, and we had operating leverage of 20 bps in the first quarter plus 20 bps from gross margin, so we have overall operating margin leverage of 40 bps year-on-year with base business. That's consistent with our expectation for the year of 20 to 40 bps altogether. And then, that's part 1. Part 2, in terms of the acquired revenues, acquired businesses that flow into -- that are not included in the base business, obviously, the leverage point there will be in the second and third quarters, and then there'll be a little bit of a hit in the fourth. But again, it's relatively small numbers. Although on the margin, it does affect it by a couple of pennies here and there.
Garik Simha Shmois - Senior Research Analyst
And just lastly, just on inflation, you had called out in the release the lease labor freight as some items that have been headwinds, and these have been headwinds for some time. But you also indicated in the prepared remarks that these were tracking in line. So is there anything else to call out on inflation that you're viewing as maybe problematic for the rest of the year? Is it truly just something that you feel that you have within your control, you don't need any additional pricing or anything like that to offset?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Sure. So I'm going to take the question, but I'm going to also shift gears afterwards. In the case of expenses, expenses are pretty much as expected. We've known for a while that there's been a very tight market on the freight side, particularly when we're talking about third-party freight carriers and the cost for those services. So that's kind of rolled into our expectation from an expense standpoint. When you look at it on a year-on-year comparison, it is higher, but that's again within our expectation. And that's -- so that part is I'll call it okay. My pivot here is with respect to our cost of products. And there has been some raw material cost pressures on our suppliers. Specifically, I mentioned I think last quarter, about some of the components that are used for the manufacturing of a basic sanitizer for pools. And most recently, I saw -- or recently I saw that one manufacturer announced a 5% price increase effective in June. And I expect that others will follow as their cost pressures are driving them to do that. I also expect later in the year to be -- additional price increases on products that are affected by one raw material or another. And while that -- when you look at the 2018 year, and our general perspective of inflation being 1% to 2%, certainly, this year, I think with some of the increases that will take place, again, mainly back-end, back of the year weighted, will still be within 1% to 2%, although probably closer to 2% than to 1%, given some of that activity, again with back-end weighted.
When you look at next year though, it could very well be a little higher than that. Too early to make that call for '19, but it could certainly be a year that we see some, a year that maybe north of 2% from a price inflation standpoint.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Today's next question comes from Matt Duncan of Stephens Inc.
William Kerr Steinwart - Research Associate
This is Will on the call for Matt. Wondering if any prebuy activity had an impact on growth in the quarter? And how you'd compare it relatively to the past few years from an early purchasing perspective?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Sure. The -- in terms of the orders that we have on early buys that are heavily weighted to retail customers in terms of stocking their stores for the upcoming season, those orders and that activity was a little bit ahead. On the order side, vis-à-vis prior year, but we didn't ship as much this year, so we build actually less sales in the first quarter of this year than last year because of the weather and the fact that a lot of this is in the seasonal markets and a number of retail stores at the end of March did not have a desire to necessarily take their full orders by that time. And also we had -- the weather certainly affected our ability to put -- make that a priority to ship to them because again they weren't pushing for it. So -- and that's been -- those orders have been largely shipped by now. So that was just a timing from latter part of March to the early part of April.
William Kerr Steinwart - Research Associate
Okay. And then on growth rates between the businesses. You mentioned that 10% growth in the green business. But I want to calibrate for the blue, and the international business, how growth in the first quarter changed by the different segments? And then your expectations for the year on each is green still? I mean obviously (inaudible)
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Sure. So if you look at our 4 big markets, as I mentioned, we were up 6.4%. The -- Texas, got a little bit of a weather hit there in the quarter. But if weren't for that, we would have been certainly 7% in those 4 markets. And the expectation is it that, that will be -- the -- anticipate will happen during the course of the year. In the seasonal markets are the -- obviously the ones that are most affected, and they were up 3.7%. That's where we'll see the catch-up in the balance of the year. And those should get to 6-ish percent as we -- for the whole year with the catch-up in the second, third and fourth quarters.
William Kerr Steinwart - Research Associate
Great. And then, on operating EPS this year, do you still expect gross margin to be relatively flat? And then maybe we should be thinking about kind of coming back to the operating expense leverage in the back half of the year? Maybe that growth on the OpEx dollar amount is closer to 75% of GP dollar growth relative to your 50% target, is that kind of how we should be thinking about it this year?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
I missed that 75% versus 50%.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Yes. You target the OpEx growth at 50% of that -- of GP dollar growth.
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Sure. Okay. I'm sorry. On base business, that's still -- and I think as we talked about in the February call, it will be between 50% and 60% of our GP dollar growth for the year on base business. On the acquired businesses, that's a different animal altogether. And as I think we've mentioned many times, the great majority of the acquisitions that we make just like the lion's share of those that we compete with, have very modest, if any, operating margins. So therefore, those businesses that are acquired come with little to no contribution. So therefore, it's a matter of instilling the right practices and doing the right things over the course of time that enable us to get to double-digit operating margins. And that will play out, but again, the acquired businesses don't come with any profits to speak out. So I partial that out and isolate that separately.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Yes, and stated in another way, as you said earlier, the 20 to 40 basis points...
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
On base business operating margin, expansion is expected, yes.
Mark W. Joslin - Senior VP & CFO
Right. With a little more in the back half of the year than the first half of the year.
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Given the constraints of capacity (inaudible) of our customers on the construction side, yes.
William Kerr Steinwart - Research Associate
Okay. That's helpful. Then last thing for me on the January acquisition. Can you discuss the size and location of what that brings, that deal?
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
We did -- well, the January acquisition was the one that we did in Australia, and that was -- that's one small location in Australia. More significant though, the acquisition we made in Northern California, that -- it closed at the end of December. And that came with 5 locations and are now being incorporated into our Northern California operations.
Operator
And this does conclude our question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to the management team for any closing remarks.
Manuel J. Perez de la Mesa - President, CEO & Director
Well, today appears to be a short day, and we have plenty to do, so I appreciate that. Thank you, all, for listening. Our next conference call is scheduled for July 19, when we will discuss our second quarter 2018 results. Thank you.
Operator
And thank you, sir. This concludes today's conference. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.