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Operator
Good day, everyone and welcome to the OUTFRONT Media first quarter 2016 earnings call. At this time I would like to turn the call over to Mr. Greg Lundberg. Please go ahead, sir.
Gregory Lundberg - SVP IR
Good afternoon everyone. Thank you for joining our 2016 first quarter earnings call. On the call today, as usual, are Jeremy Male, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Donald Shassian, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. After discussion of our financial results we'll open up the lines for a question and answer session. A slide presentation to accompany today's call can be found in the Investor Relations section of our website along with the earnings release and an audio webcast of the call. The conference call may include forward-looking statements.
Relevant factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements are listed in our earnings release materials and in our SEC filings including our 2015 Form 10-K. We will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures on this call. Any references to OIBDA made on today's call will be on an adjusted basis and reconciliations of OIBDA and other non-GAAP financial measures are in the appendix of the slide presentation, the earnings release and on our web site, OUTFRONTmedia.com. And with that I will now turn the call over to Jeremy.
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Thanks, Greg and good afternoon, everyone. We're happy to have you on today's call to discuss our first quarter results. Before Don takes you through the numbers, please turn to slide four for some key highlights. First of all, I'm pleased to report that we delivered overall revenue performance right in line with the expectation we gave you back in February.
Total organic revenue growth came in as forecast at 3%. This was principally driven by an organic 3.6% increase in our US billboard revenues, the highest level over the past four quarters driven by increases in both static and digital yields. We believe this reflects both increasing advertiser demand for our assets and good execution from our sales teams, particularly in local.
Looking forward into the second quarter, we're seeing continued solid performance in local and improving trend in national and I'll give further color on this later on the call. I would also like to note that we are seeing a positive conversion on OIBDA which grew 1.3% year-over-year similar to our reported revenue growth. This growing OIBDA also includes some headwinds from Latin America that Don will go into.
The take away for you is that we remain focused on balancing our strategic growth initiatives with cost control throughout the business. Over the last few weeks, our asset base was enhanced through a smart combination of acquisition, divestiture and investments. This has been a constant process since our IPO, and we believe that the many changes we've made to our portfolio has improved the attractiveness of our portfolio to advertisers.
Finally, our board has declared the second quarter 2016 dividend of $0.34 a share payable June 30. A healthy level of dividend income is fundamental to our REIT structure and we look forward to updating you on this throughout the course of the year.
I'll now turn the call over to Don for a more in-depth look at the quarterly results.
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Thank you, Jeremy and good afternoon, everyone. Please turn to slide 6 which shows a summary of the year-over-year performance of some of our key financial metrics for the quarter. This is on a reported basis so it's not suggested for foreign exchange or other items. I would like to remind you that our results this quarter include our Latin America operations for the full quarter. We close the sale in April 1, 2016.
Our earnings release contains an exhibit that shows Latin America calculations of organic revenues, adjusted OIBDA, FFO and AFFO to help your modeling. When you factor in the disposition of Latin America, you will see that revenue, OIBDA and AFFO all posted positive growth well above the levels shown here in this table.
There is one unusual item impacting net income in this table, a $1.3 million loss on real estate assets held for sale were $0.01 per sure. We grew both reported revenues and adjusted OIBDA by 1% during the quarter, while AFFO was slightly down, once again including our left-hand business.
I would like to go into the drivers of this beginning with revenues in slide 7. Our total revenue growth was 1.3% on a reported basis and 3% on an organic basis. This growth rate is higher if you factor in the impact of Latin America from both periods. Looking just at the US, total organic revenues were up 3.3%. Driving this were US billboard organic revenues of 3.6% reflecting another solid billboard revenue quarter.
These results were driven by an improvement in average revenue per display or yield on both static and digital and also from the conversion of static billboards to digital. We attribute this improved performance to our ongoing sales force enhancement and a continued focus on pricing throughout our business. Trends in other growth moderated during the quarter as expected with a 2.6% increase compared to the step function increase of 13.3% in Q1 of 2015.
Most important transit continues to operate at this higher revenue level. Growth this quarter was driven by ongoing advertiser demand for transit advertising, increasingly by local advertisers which helped drive increased yields once again. Internationally, organic revenues were down 1.2% in total. This was driven primarily by Latin America with Canada essentially flat.
Please turn to slide 8 for an overview of expenses this quarter. Overall expenses including stock-based compensation were up 1.8% to $265.1 million. As a percentage of total revenues, expenses were 76.1%, up slightly from 75.7% in Q1 of 2015. This increase was driven primarily by corporate expenses and SG&A as collectively we saw a decline in the level of billboard lease transit franchise and posting and maintenance expenses as a percentage of total revenues.
Corporate expenses were up $1.5 million over Q1 2015. Over half of this, or $800,000, were legal expenses which we did not incur last year and which we do not expect to be recurring. The remainder of the increase was attributable to compensation related expenses. Strategic business development expenses were $2.4 million in the quarter broadly the same as last years Q1.
Our adjusted OIBDA is on slide 9. For Q1 2016, our OIBDA was up 1.3% year over year and the margin was flat at 25.3%. When thinking about flow-through of revenues OIBDA there are items to consider this quarter. One, as I mentioned a moment ago, we incurred $800,000 of legal costs that did not incur in Q1 2015. We expect these costs to trend out.
Secondly, our Latin America operations which were sold on April, 1, 2016 are less profitable than our US segment and recorded a negative OIBDA of $500,000 in Q1 2016 compared to a positive $700,000 in Q1 2015. If you take these two factors into account, you will see that adjusted OIBDA growth was higher than the reported 1.3% and in excess of total organic revenue growth of 3%. And that OIBDA margin expanded year-over-year as well.
Turning to slide 10. Capital expenditures were $14.4 million during the quarter or 4.1% of total revenues. For the quarter, gross spending was 3% of total revenues and maintenance was 1.1%. We still expect 2016 total capital expenditures to be between $65 million and $70 million including $25 million to $30 million of maintenance.
In terms of growth investment during the quarter, we completed 23 digital board conversions in the US and four internationally. Including one in Canada and three in Mexico that were a part of the business sold on April 1. We also made investments in other initiatives including new enhanced lighting fixtures for our static boards and some selected deployments of our new On Smart Digital technology screens in New York and Washington.
Please turn now to slide 11 for cash flow for the quarter. AFFO declined $500,000 or 1% year-over-year. Looking at the drivers of this, positively impacting the AFFO was adjusted OIBDA was up $1.1 million and maintenance CapEx was down $2.5 million. Negatively impacting AFFO were cash paid for lease acquisition costs were up $2.7 million.
These are sales force commissions paid on new advertiser contracts and this quarter reflects both increased numbers of salespeople and some timing issues. Interest expense was up $800,000. Latin America AFFO was down $1.2 million. As we look at the balance of the year, we expect higher revenue growth to drive greater operating leverage and we are maintaining our full-year 2016 AFFO outlook of growth in the mid-to-high single digit range.
On a trailing 12-month bases, AFFO provided very solid support of our dividends as you can see on slide 12. Dividends were 71% of AFFO and 72% of free cash flow on a trailing 12-month basis as of March 31, 2016. This equates to $72 million of free cash flow after dividends.
A balance sheet overview is on slide 13. Our net leverage ratio was five times as of March 31, 2016. Our liquidity position was $402 million at the end of the quarter, including $43 million of cash and $359 million of availability on a revolving credit facility. The slight uptick in leverage is largely a timing issue as a result of our small acquisitions during the quarter negatively impacting our debt without having the numerator being assisted by the incremental OIBDA.
Subsequent to the end of the quarter, we used a portion of the Latin America sale proceeds to pay down the $35 million outstanding balance in our revolving credit facility. We also paid $20 million on the principal balance of our term loan on April 20, 2016. Factoring these actions into the calculation net leverage would be 4.8 times. I would like to point out one item on our balance sheet. Historically unamortized dead issuance costs were recorded in other assets on our balance sheet.
During the quarter we adopted a new accounting standard to classify these dead issuance costs as a reduction from a carrying value of our long-term debt. This reclassification is reflected on our balance sheet and when you see our 10-Q is clearly described and broken out in the debt table. The reclassification, however, did not impact our leverage calculation since our covenants defined debt to be gross and not net of debt issuance costs.
I would like to reiterate our intention and commitment to reduce our leverage to 3.5 to four times, be it growing OIBDA and paying town debt. We remain comfortable with the financial flexibility of our balance sheet and believe that it gives us the operational flexibility to run our business the way we would like to including the funding of our growth initiatives alongside an attractive dividend for our shareholders.
Let me now turn it back over to Jeremy
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Thank you, Don and if you could perhaps now turn to slide 15. So looking forward, at this point in time we expect the second quarter revenue growth will be in the low-to-mid single digit range with further improvement expected in both billboard and transit. As usual this outlook only represents our point-of-view at this moment in time and is on a constant dollar basis for our international segment.
Supporting this outlook of both the continued strength of the out-of-home sector and continued growth and improvement of OUTFRONT. The sector, as you've seen from results reported by our peers, continued to grow in the first quarter and appears to be tracking favorably into the second quarter. As an industry, out-of-home has an increasingly strong strategic position. As we become smarter in data and analytics, we believe we'll capture more of this current media spend flowing to other media as we go forward.
The out-of-home industry is making further investments in data and is enhancing its audience measurement platform by doing that as an industry and we continue to build our own proprietary data management platform to make out-of-home easier for advertisers and agencies to measure, plan and buy. While this piece of the On Smart Media platform remains fundamentally important to our long-term success, we're also engaged on several other strategic growth initiatives.
On the asset enhancement front we're pleased to have closed the sale of Latin America on April 1 as well as the first quarter purchase of some outstanding displays in Dallas and Houston from Reynolds Outdoor Media along with several smart and selective smaller acquisitions in various top markets. Our geo-fence data home and mobile integration continues to sell very well. We have more than doubled the number of advertisers since last quarter.
Revenues are still early stage but we expect the growth rate to be steep. As we signaled last quarter, we rolled out additional advanced displays notably an impressive new retail space in New York City called TurnStyle located at Columbus Circle. I encourage you all to see this when you're in the city.
And lastly, 25,000 of our US billboards are ready for new wireless equipment tenants and we continue to work through extensive documentation that necessarily precedes any deployment. And we'll update you as we go forward. I sincerely believe that these initiatives, alongside improvements in our core business, are indications that we're taking the right steps to enhance returns for our shareholders.
So with that, operator, let's open the line for any questions.
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions). We will take our first question today from Marcie Ryvicker with Wells Fargo.
Marci Ryvicker - Analyst
Thank you. The first question is on the New York City MTA contract. I believe the RFPs were due today if I'm not mistaken. Just any comment you can make on your thoughts there and when we might be able to know of their response or their decision?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Thanks, Marcie. One thing we've always said in terms of dealing with municipalities is that we don't control the timing actually. And in this particular instance, that initial submission date was pushed back. It's still due to be submitted in May. We're working hard through it at the moment. Nothing really to say as you would expect for competitive reasons other than the fact that we people, as always as we've always said, very good about where we are on this bid.
We're looking forward to submitting it and then the ongoing process from there which we still anticipate it will take a significant number of months. So it's likely to be I guess back end of summer and early fall when there's sort of something more definitive on that, Marcie.
Marci Ryvicker - Analyst
Okay. And you mentioned local was very strong and national is improving. Can you just give a little bit of color on national and maybe when this might turn positive? I don't know if it is positive or it's not as strong as local.
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
National is very slightly down for us in Q1. It was a little disappointing. A couple of advertisers, there's one in particular we have sort of one film client where we had some very tough comps year-on-year so local was certainly very positive for us. As I said, the trend is that that's looking certainly more positive for Q2. I think it's also worth just sort of thinking about where we are in terms of our comps because actually we had a pretty strong -- relatively strong top line growth in Q1 last year. It started with -- it was five and change and a good piece of that was driven by national. So national we had sort of tougher comps. Local business progressed very well for us and continues to look solid as we look into the second quarter.
Marci Ryvicker - Analyst
And then my last question, based on your results of commentary, it sounds like the industry is firming. I also know that you have some specific positives coming up on this in terms of transitions and what you're doing internally. Is that a fair assessment that the actual out-of-home industry is getting healthier?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Yes, absolutely. I think the industry remains extremely well placed to capitalize on where the media market is going right now. One thing we do know is that with the proliferation in the online world, actually being able to use a medium to be able to cut through, reach large audiences at mass scale, out-of-home remains if you like and it's increasingly we believe that medium.
And as I said in the script, I think that as we start -- all of the companies, the industry as a whole, we're all making investments in data to make sure that we become, if you like, to give the absolute rationale to advertisers in terms of who they're reaching and then being able to sort of get much closer to be delivering real ROI metrics. So if we're doing that on the one hand and making our medium easier to plan and buy on the other hand, we believe that that will continue to be a growth driver for our medium as we go forward
Marci Ryvicker - Analyst
Thank you so much.
Operator
We'll take our next question from Ben Swinburne with Morgan Stanley
Unidentified Participant
Hi. This is Cam, I'm on for Ben. Any color that you guys could give us around particular verticals that performed well this quarter to start off?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Yes, thanks, Cameron. If we look at it by dollar change, our top three were also in number one. Beer and liquor was strong for us. That was number two. And restaurants fast food were number three by dollar change. If we sort of look at the other end of that spectrum and for us, retail was down a bit in Q1. Casinos was also weak and television was weak in that quarter. So that was the top and bottom categories, Cameron.
Unidentified Participant
Great. And then anything -- any color you can provide in kind of how you guys think about in a way delevering versus increasing your dividend?
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Cameron, as we mentioned our earnings call last quarter, we are committed to continuing to pay down our debt. We do believe this business is about growing the top line, growing a free cash flow, our AFFO and increasing that dividend. When we feel more comfortable with the stock price as this business continues to grow, then we'll certainly make recommendations for the board to make a decision on that.
But I don't think it's one versus the other. I think it's a both. We are committed to try to do both of those. Definitely want to get the leverage down and definitely want to increase that dividend and once we have the right metrics in around that, we can talk about that and talk to our board which meets quarterly and talks about the dividend, we'll do so. But it's an and. It's not one versus another
Unidentified Participant
Great, thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from Tracy Young with Evercore.
Tracy Young - Analyst
Hi, there were two comments during your commentary I just wanted to follow up on. The lease acquisition costs were up in the quarter. Can you talk about, and you mentioned it was related to the sales force. Can you talk about your ability to control that expense and then also I believe you said that the digital boards are conversions from static. Are those new boards or how should we be thinking about how you roll out the digital? Thanks.
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Well, the second one, the conversions, it's true conversions for the most part of static to digital, we've said ballpark about 100 a year, I still think that's a good ballpark number. These flow. These have a long lead time and I think that's still the path I would say for right now. Lease acquisition costs was both increase in some commissions for salespeople. We made some investments with some more people.
It also has some timing items to do with accruals on commissions. We feel good about the number. We feel good about the sales force transformation that's been happening. We feel good about what they're doing, the incentives we have on the table but I do think that the amount that is reflected this quarter on that schedule is probably going to be a little bit high when we think about some of the other quarters coming forward.
Tracy Young - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Moving on we'll hear from Alexia Quadrani with JPMorgan.
Alexia Quadrani - Analyst
Thank you. I'm just following up on your comments earlier about the strength that you saw in the organic billboard growth. Do you think there's any benefit of a shift maybe out of transit into the billboard business helping that in the quarter?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
I don't particularly think it's anything to do with that, Alexia. I mean last year I think if you look at our transit business last year, we really did have a step change. It was $400 million business, up sort of double digits in media last year. It was a very, very strong performance. I think the fact that we're lapping those tough comps and continue to grow the business says a lot about the inherent hint of transit.
We love the business and it's obviously why we will be working very, very hard to make sure that we renew our MTA footprint. I think when we look at our billboard business right now, what we're working very hard on quite frankly is actually getting our rates up. I think for a while it seemed that rates were pretty much flat particularly on our static inventory and it's really that that's starting to we think translate into some of the billboard growth as we go forward.
Alexia Quadrani - Analyst
And just a follow-up on your earlier comments about the New York transit contract. I know you gave a little bit of color in terms of the timing. When you do hear something, is it sort of make-or-break or do you -- or how does the process work? Does it get winnowed down to just maybe a couple contenders and then we'll get sort of incremental data points across the process?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
To be honest it's their process. We'll obviously do our best to sort of give you some sort of further guidance as we move forward but right now we're not sure ourselves exactly how that process is going to move on.
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
We probably should not anticipate that there will be any data points or milestones or things that will be shared during this process. We'll leave that to the MTA and we're going to keep our head down and do what we need to do but you're probably not going to hear a lot of information coming out on this process
Alexia Quadrani - Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). We'll hear next from Jason Bazinet with City
Jason Bazinet - Analyst
I just have a high level question. On the one hand the Feds seems very reluctant to raise rates. Retail sales have been very anemic. On the other hand we've seen very strong TV numbers and you have said you guys had good numbers as well as some of your peers in outdoor. I guess my question for Jeremy is in that context, what is your history in this industry tell you in terms of maybe root causes for why the ad numbers seem to be outpacing the health of the economy and what that tells us about the durability of the strength?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Well, I guess if you -- I guess in terms of the ad market in general if you go back over time, the ad market has always been a GDP plus business and out-of-home within that has been a GDP plus and then plus a little bit more because if you look over the last 20 years, the out-of-home media marked has increased its share from around about I think it's 3.5% to 4.5% today. So it's not only expanded its share but it's expanded its share within a growing media market. I think I've sort of go out and talked to agencies and advertisers.
I think generally it's obviously a very interesting time right now on the political front. Who knows what surprises or what we might see there as we go down the road. But right now, from what we can see and we've got sort of a pretty good view on Q2, we continue to feel generally positive about the state of the media market.
Jason Bazinet - Analyst
Interesting, okay. Thank you.
Operator
Next we'll hear from James Goss with Barrington Research
James Goss - Analyst
Thanks. I was curious about the On Smart Media initiative and digital signage applications beyond some of the traditional billboards and other signage. Over what period of time do you think some of this will become significant and how do you see it sort of scaling into your business?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
There's certainly if you like three pieces if you like to our digital initiative. One is that we continue to go out and convert digital billboards and, as Don said, they're doing that at the rate of about 100 a year and we're now in the 600s there. We see digital [layers] if you like, the digitization of our back office which will then include the DNP and trading platform, etc. And then the third piece is certainly putting out small digital screens into indoor environments and we're principally going to be leading that through our current transit environment and what we would expect to be a deployment as such assuming that we're successful in our MTA bid.
So in terms of when will this be likely to be having a significant impact on revenues? I mean obviously it's dependent upon some of the projects I just mentioned but certainly I would like to think that we would be having revenues, meaningful revenues coming through in 2017.
James Goss - Analyst
Do you think there are other sort of tangential businesses that you might also morph into as your business becomes more digital and it might sort of open up the landscape to you beyond what you've traditionally had as your charter?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
I always think, I have an expression which is we are very, very good at doing what we're very good at. And I'm not certain that when you look at sort of tangential businesses, I would need to certainly have some pretty good feeling or sort of proof points that we were going to be successful in that as well. So I think we're going to be using it principally, if you like, as a driver of our core business and we have absolute confidence that we're in the right core business. So I think that's really where we're going to remain focused.
James Goss - Analyst
Okay. And then in terms of industry consolidation, what do you sense is the appetite both in terms of your interest as a buyer and maybe some of the smaller competitors as sellers? And how do you see multiples coming into play at this stage?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
To be honest, I think it's very much as always, it's down to the quality of the assets. And we're very focused in terms of when we look at businesses. We're very focused as we've always said on those top 20, 25 markets. The buyer and seller multiple can be two very different things. Depending on the level of sales synergy that one might be able to attain and also whether or not we operate in a similar market so we can cut out infrastructure costs.
I think it's fair to say and we've sort of commented publicly before that we thought that some of the expectation out there from some of the sellers right now is probably a little unrealistic. So, from that point-of-view, we continue to pick and choose. There are no, from our point-of-view there are no must-do deals out there. We just want to keep smart and keep acquiring assets at the right price.
James Goss - Analyst
Okay. Thanks very much.
Operator
Next question comes from Bryan Goldberg of Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Bryan Goldberg - Analyst
Hi, thanks. Two quick ones on your growth initiatives. First, I think it was this week or last, Charlie Schumer recently expressed interest in looking into potential privacy issues over Clear Channel with their radar program. And I'm just curious to hear your take on what this could mean for some of the industry's initiatives in this area and are there any possible locations for the work you're doing right now to drive yield using mobile products?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Yes, I mean, thanks for the question, Bryan. It's obviously got quite a bit of air play over the last few days. And it's fair to say that consumer privacy is extremely important to OUTFRONT. I think there's three words that are very important that I would like to sort of get over on this call. So we're only planning to collect and use anonymized aggregated data from consumers that have consented to provide that data. So the three words, anonymized aggregated and consented are where OUTFRONT is. So we are not anticipating at this stage that given that we would be running into these issues. But we will continue, obviously, to watch the debate with interest.
Bryan Goldberg - Analyst
Okay. Then my second question on the growth initiatives. I think you alluded to earlier on the mini sale opportunity that you're working through some extensive documentation ahead of actual deployments and I was just curious if you could just offer any more color on just sort of how extensive the documentation is. Are there any real hurdles to overcome or is it literally just straight execution on getting all the papers in order?
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Bryan, it's, the choice is execution whether it's carriers, it's fiber based providers. Everyone is looking at significant needs for more cell sites for greater bandwidth, 5G in a couple of years is going to exponentially increase the need. And so we've got great assets that we think figure in the mix. We're talking to everybody. We're working through the process and we're trying to get all the documentation in line and we still feel very bullish about the opportunity and just walking through. We were hoping we'd have a lot more to be able to talk about at this juncture but I think we've got a lot of things cooking and we feel pretty good about it so it's normal course and not huge hurdles here.
Bryan Goldberg - Analyst
Great. And then actually I've got one more. Your commentary about the overall outdoor market strength right now as it pertains to the billboard market. If I'm not mistaken for you guys specifically, you had some unique operational changes in certain markets last year where you underperformed in the industry. So your comp is a little easier. I'm just wondering do you think there's enough market strength to extend this trajectory that you've guided for in Q2? Do you think there are enough legs in the market to see this extend into third quarter where you started to cycle past those specific operational issues?
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
I think the strength in our local business is certainly I think testament to some of the operational issues that we fixed quite simply. So that's a good thing. As you know, our business is significantly more oriented towards national sales than the marketplace in general. And so to that extent, national sales tend to lay down later than local where you tend -- where you often have, if you like, annual contracts that sort of form a more significant bed of your business. So on that basis, I would be -- I wouldn't really want to make any comment on Q3 at this stage because we would want to have greater depth of visibility before we make those calls.
Bryan Goldberg - Analyst
Fair enough. Thanks a lot for the answers.
Donald Shassian - EVP, CFO
Thanks Bryan.
Operator
We have no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the call back over to our hosts for any additional or closing remarks.
Jeremy Male - Chairman, CEO
Thanks. Thank you all very much for your questions and your time today. And we look forward to seeing many of you at investor conferences over the next few weeks. Thank you again.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's conference. Again we thank you all for joining us.