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Operator
Good morning and thank you for joining us today to discuss O2Micro's financial results for the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. If you would like a copy of the press release we issued this morning, please call Daniel Meiberg at (408) 987-5920, extension 8888, and we will e-mail you a copy immediately. It is also posted on the O2Micro website at www.o2micro.com, under the heading Investors. There will be a replay available through May 15, 2020, at 9:00 a.m. Pacific time or by visiting the O2Micro website under the heading Investors. (Operator Instructions)
Gentlemen, you may begin.
Daniel Meiberg - Corporate Communications Officer
Good morning, and thank you for joining O2Micro's financial results conference call for the first quarter of 2020, ending March 31, 2020. This is Daniel Meiberg, Corporate Communications for O2Micro.
I'd like to remind listeners that the discussions of business outlook for O2Micro contains forward-looking statements. Statements made in this release that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws.
Actual results may differ materially due to numerous risk factors. Such risk factors are enumerated in the company's 20-F annual filings, our annual reports and other documents filed with the SEC from time to time. Listeners are referred to the O2Micro earnings press release and the documents filed with the SEC to understand these forward-looking statements and the associated risk factors. These statements are -- made herein are dated information. The company assumes no responsibility to provide updates to this information.
With me today are Perry Kuo, CFO and Director; Jim Keim, Head of Marketing and Sales and Director; and Sterling Du, O2's founder, CEO and Chairman. After the prepared remarks from these gentlemen, the floor will be open to your questions.
At this point, I would like to introduce Perry Kuo, CFO of O2Micro, for a discussion of the financial highlights of the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 ending March 31, 2020. Perry?
Chuan Chiung Kuo - CFO, Secretary & Director
Thank you, Dan. We will now review our financial results for Q1 2020. Please note that financial results will be presented on a GAAP basis, unless we designate otherwise. The non-GAAP result excludes stock-based compensation expense, onetime charges, nonrecurring gains and the losses. Our full GAAP results are available in our press release that was issued earlier today.
GAAP revenue in the first quarter of 2020 was $15.6 million. GAAP net loss in the first quarter of 2020 was $1.5 million. If we exclude stock-based compensation of $397,000 and net loss recognized on long-term investment of $1.1 million, the non-GAAP net loss will be $43,000. GAAP net loss per ADS in the first quarter of 2020 was $0.06. Non-GAAP net loss per ADS was $0.002.
Gross margin was 51.9% in Q1. The gross margin reflects the current revenue level and the product mix. R&D expense was $4.1 million or 26.1% of revenue. This amount excludes stock-based compensation expense of $80,000.
SG&A expense was $4.2 million or 27% of revenue. This amount excludes stock-based compensation expense of $317,000. So non-operating loss was $764,000. Income tax was $205,000 in the first quarter, and it is mainly based on the estimated effective tax rate of each taxable location.
In Q1 2020, we repurchased 83,479 ADS units at a cost of $100,000. Q1 2020, the revenue by end market breaks down into the following percentages: consumer was 44% to 46% of revenue, computer was 5% to 7% of revenue, industrial was 48% to 50% of revenue, communications was almost 0.
At this moment, I would like to provide some additional information. O2Micro finished the first quarter with $44.7 million in unrestricted cash and short-term investment. This represents cash and cash equivalent of $1.67 per ADS. In addition, O2Micro has no debt.
Accounts receivable at the end of Q1 was $11 million. Our DSO is 62 days. DSO is more than 60 days, mainly from account mix. Inventory was $9.9 million at the end of the first quarter. This represents 112 days of the inventory, and the inventory turnover was 3.2x in Q1.
Net cash used in operating activities in the first quarter was about $1.3 million. Capital expenditures were about $200,000 in the first quarter for R&D and IT equipment. Depreciation and amortization was $502,000 in Q1. At the end of the first quarter of 2020, O2Micro had 370 employees, 64% of which are engineers.
Based on current market situation and the best updated managerial rolling forecast, the company has the following guidance for Q2 2020. Net revenues are expected to be increased from 6% to 12% compared to Q1 2020. Product gross margin is expected to be in the range of 51% to 53%. R&D expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, are expected to be in the range of $4.3 million to $4.8 million. SG&A expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, are expected to be in the range of $4.3 million to $4.8 million. Stock-based compensation should be in the range of $300,000 to $400,000 in the second quarter. Non-operating income is expected to be in the range of $200,000 to $300,000 in the second quarter, excluding foreign exchange gain or loss and the net gain or loss recognized on long-term investment. Income tax expense is expected to be in the range of $200,000 to $300,000.
The goal of our management team and the Board of Directors is to maximize shareholders value. We have accomplished this by taking the necessary steps, which included managing operating expenses and monetizing asset on the balance sheet.
In regards to our share repurchase program, we have been active in this program historically, and we plan to continue going forward. Since 2002, we have repurchased over 20.3 million ADS shares for $101.2 million. As of the end of Q1, we had $7.7 million remaining in our share buyback authorization.
As reported in last quarter, we will focus our -- to manage the operating expenses, O2 reached cash breakeven point in Q1 excluding unrealized loss from EMC shares, and we will continue to manage OpEx.
Given the uncertain market and the COVID-19 factors, we have reviewed internally and decided to streamline and reorganize our operation to focus at high-margin and high-performance business from Q2. There will be onetime severance payment around $1.1 million to $1.2 million booked in Q2. We believe our quarterly cash breakeven point now is $15 million to $17 million, and the profitability breakeven point now is $17 million to $19 million in Q2, excluding onetime charges, nonrecurring gains and losses.
After the streamline projects executed fully, we believe our quarterly cash breakeven point will be $14 million to $16 million and the profitability breakeven point will be $16 million to $18 million around in Q4, excluding onetime charges, nonrecurring gains and losses.
We will continue to invest on R&D and higher performance centers. We also monitor the supply chains tightly and have added or in process to support the dynamic demand from multiple end market timely.
In Q1 2020, 14,000 shares of EMC were sold at a USD 50,000 cash-in. The average selling price of EMC in Q1 is around USD 3.58 per share with original cost of USD 0.53 per share. We'll continue to sell EMC shares in Q2.
As of March 31, 2020, we owned around 780,000 shares of EMC. EMC shares price was $2.59 on March 31 and was closed today at USD 3.98 today here. Returns to shareholders are very much on our mind and will continue to be a focus in the future. We will provide update to the additional measures to enhance shareholders value throughout this year.
Given the uncertain demand and the macro environment, we are prepared to continue to manage cost as needed, although we believe we have aligned current cost based on the current and anticipated revenue levels.
I would like to thank everyone for participating and turn the call over to Jim Keim to talk more about our business. Jim?
James Elvin Keim - Head of Marketing & Sales and Director
Thank you, Perry. Good morning, everyone. We were pleased with our Q1 revenue results as well as our Q2 forecast projections that reflects ongoing growth of both our battery management and intelligent lighting product revenues being driven by our design win activity.
In Q1, both our company and customers faced many challenges in working around supply issues made difficult by Chinese New Year holidays, followed by many COVID-19 factory shutdowns. Despite these supply chain issues, most of our customers have not changed their targeted revenue for the first half of 2020. In fact, we saw upside demand in key areas due to heavy customer demand for monitors, TVs, notebooks and garden tools in response to government stay-at-home orders. We have also seen business activity increase for medical monitors due to the COVID-19 situation as well as e-bikes as people return to work in China.
While we remain cautious about the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 situation on the world economy in the second half of the year, we remain optimistic about increasing our market position in key areas based on our strong design win activity.
Let's update business in each of our product areas in more detail. Q1 revenue in our largest product line, intelligent lighting, enjoyed good growth over Q1 of the prior year. This was the result of our many design wins that include both 4K and 8K TV and expansion of HDR monitors into gaming, medical and industrial applications.
While we have expanded our position in higher-end products for TVs and monitors, we have not ignored our strong overall market share and continue to expand design activity in lower-end TV and monitor products using our new line of patented backlighting products with integrated MOSFETs. This marketing position is expected to enable our ongoing growth in Q2. Additionally, our R&D efforts in the industrial and automotive lighting have enabled excellent progress in design wins. This includes advanced products for robotics and autonomous driving applications where we are seeing good acceptance of our new products. While these design wins take longer to generate revenue, we believe this will help enable ongoing long-term growth of our intelligent lighting group.
Our patented battery management product offering continued to experience excellent year-over-year growth as we have seen for the past 4 years. Our Q1 revenue continued to be driven upward by the ongoing expansion of lithium-ion batteries into more and more product areas as lithium-ion batteries continue to become more cost-effective with greater energy capability.
With our patented lithium-ion cell balancing methodology, we continue to see ongoing growth opportunities with major OEMs in power tool, e-bike, e-vehicle, vacuum cleaners, garden tools and energy storage systems. While we believe each of these market areas will continue to expand long term, we are seeing the e-bike market now show significant expansion in countries recovering from COVID-19 as people turn more to bikes for travel and recreation.
As previously noted, our battery management products now include more complex ARM-based microcontroller products for market applications, where our existing customers need more sophisticated battery management. This is enabling us to engage with additional hiring customers, including those in the rapidly growing energy storage market.
Customers have successfully evaluated our first ARM-based battery management products and are moving forward to design our products into their next-generation of high-performance systems. We continue to file battery management patent claims for our new products to protect both our company and our customers' market positions. Our major customer list continues to grow and includes Bissell, Black & Decker, Dyson, Electrolux, Lexy, LG, Makita, Murata, Panasonic, Philips, Samsung, Sharp and TTI.
I will now turn the call over to our CEO, Sterling, for closing remarks.
Sterling Du - Chairman of the Board & CEO
Thank you, Jim. O2Micro reported first quarter 2020 revenue of $15.6 million. Revenue was down 12.8% from the previous quarter and up 22.1% from the same quarter prior year. The gross margin in the first quarter of 2020 was 51.9%. The gross margin was down from 56.7% of the previous quarter and up from the 50.5% of the same quarter prior year. Our revenue was in line of the guided range publicly released in February 6, 2020. Our strong gross margins are a result of product mix, strategic alliance program, strong growth in the consumer products and many new products ramping up in battery market.
Our major growth driver, intelligent lighting group's local dimming for 8K HDR TV and the multi-scale local dimming for monitor, both take off even during the COVID-19 period.
For TV, the latest Sony MASTER Series 85-inch Z9G, 8K HDR has 64 chips of ours. Its Backlight Master Drive is made of full array LED with local dimming, brings more realistic peaks of brightness, more accurate shadow detail and deeper blacks than standard LED TV.
On a full array LED TV with local dimming, the picture is crisp brightness and authentically dark background, while the multiple LED zoning and local dimming control allow full array TV model to adjust and create contrast depending on the scene, resulting more light where the brightness is necessary and less light where darkness is demanded.
For 4K/8K HDR monitor, the now multi-scale local dimming uses an area control backlighting system, which adjusts the brightness in section of the screen depending on the content displayed. However, when the object on the screen falls outside the area of the backlight that is adjusted, a halo effect appears, making it impossible to achieve full color accuracy in smaller detail. We start to sample new multi-scale LED backlighting for LCD display monitor. It reduced motion blur caused eye tracking and movements during the fast motion as well as so-called halo effect. With a multi-scale local area dimming technology, the experience of the content production professional or video game player would further enhance. We see quite strong demand for the TV and high-end monitor with the work-from-home policies in place. Yet, Jim indicates we are at the first stage of the dynamic and it's difficult to assess the long term.
Our battery product offers the Digital Front End, Analog Front End battery management unit, state machine driven battery management unit, second level protection and Digital Front End MCU integrated gas gauge and MCU-based gas gauge applications.
As Jim indicated, Q1 2020 battery business was in high demand. Work-from-home and stay-at-home policies drove the demand for the many types of power tool, garden tool market. The 14-cell to 17-cell electrical bike applications grew very strong as personal transportation is a favorite choice of keeping social distance in many countries. We have a multiple silicon opportunity for the electrical bike. Previous quarter, battery product revenue grew strongly from other sectors such as cordless floor care, vacuum cleaners, the hair care application, uninterrupted power system, battery storage system and so on. As more battery devices require high-resolution voltage, current and temperature measurement, our Analog Front End and BMU were designed with a 14-bit delta-sigma A/D converter, which meet customer needs. In some, as an example, we reached 15 mini volt resolution performance where it's well beyond customer expectations.
Our charger product line refocuses on the Japanese high-end market than China phone market and notebook market.
As Perry indicated, the strategically focused reorganization have expense reduced, while minimal top line impact as the phone and the notebook market investment cycle prolonged and uncertain due to many factors, including COVID-19. We currently ship to high-end camera charger, automotive USB charger and floor care vacuum cleaner charger in Japan.
With a good result of previous quarter during COVID-19, we are optimistic for the fundamentals of our business. While the dynamic risk factor of COVID-19 remains uncertain and need more time to assess the impact, we streamlined and reorganized our operation to focus on high-margin, high-performance business in order to generate positive cash flow to create the best return for our shareholders. We always keep the shareholders' best interest in mind, especially at the current dynamic situation.
At this time, I'd like to thank you for listening to our conference call and I turn back to Dan. Dan, please?
Daniel Meiberg - Corporate Communications Officer
Thank you, Sterling. Operator, at this point, I would like to open the call to questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question will come from Lisa Thompson with Zacks Investment Research.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
So this is a great quarter, and I think that even more exciting is that Q2 looks like a great quarter, too. So firstly, it seems like your expenses came in a lot lower than expected. Was there anything strange going on? Or is there something to do with shutdowns that made spending less?
Daniel Meiberg - Corporate Communications Officer
Perry, do you want to take that one?
Chuan Chiung Kuo - CFO, Secretary & Director
Yes. We think that given the external factors and also as Sterling indicated the COVID-19. So we decided to streamline the product which actually takes much a longer expected time for the design to ramping process. And also, the local market in China is more complex now. So we decided to do this kind of streamline to generate the cash flow for the company and also to contribute a positive return to shareholders.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
Okay. And since you guys are my only insight into what's really going on in China, could you tell us like where the country is now as far as things being open and things being closed and returning to normal activity?
Daniel Meiberg - Corporate Communications Officer
Perry, why don't you try this one, too?
Chuan Chiung Kuo - CFO, Secretary & Director
So Lisa, can you ask -- the China operation you mentioned?
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
The operation and just exactly in consumer business, like are the stores open, people buying? Like, what's going on in the process?
Chuan Chiung Kuo - CFO, Secretary & Director
For our supply chains, I think that most of our supply chains are back to the normal to the 90% to 100% or even some vendors in China, they can generate output of 100% or 110% of the last year, that's from the report of the Q1. And for the activities, most of the office now -- our associates, now they are going back to our offices and also they are under kind of the social distance and social discipline in China area. In Taiwan, I think most of the activities are getting regular and normalized in Taiwan. However, the logistics between our process, you may probably take a longer time to do the flight arrangement due to a limited air fleet and also limited cash expectation. So that's why in my earlier report, our logistics -- because of the prolonged logistical time, so we are aiding the work in process to support our customers' demand.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
Okay. That's good to know. And just for talking about demand. Obviously, you're doing great selling television sets and the garden tools, and the e-bikes, I didn't even think of. People were like not taking buses and subways, right? So they're buying a bike.
James Elvin Keim - Head of Marketing & Sales and Director
Right.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
That makes a lot of sense. Now does that -- is that behavior flowing through the rest of the world? Like, I know China started first, but is there now more demand for those things elsewhere?
James Elvin Keim - Head of Marketing & Sales and Director
Yes. As a matter of fact -- yes, this is Jim. As a matter of fact, interestingly enough, BBC here had a short message on that last night. They're seeing some of the same trend now in Europe, more bikes, both for recreational purposes as well as just transportation to and from work. And they really see that as a trend. And one of our people mentioned, they wanted to get a specific type bike who lives here in the U.S. and indicated he had trouble actually getting that because delivery times are going out on bikes even in the U.S. at this point.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
Interesting. So I think the only fear that I would have is that if everybody bought all their garden tools and their TV sets and all that stuff in Q1, do you think that there might be a slackening of demand later in the year?
James Elvin Keim - Head of Marketing & Sales and Director
We -- well, Q2 looks quite strong as we've indicated. We are obviously looking cautiously at Q3. That is forecasted by some major TV producers to be down some from Q2, but not down a horrendous amount at this point. There seems to be still some pent-up demand for people who wanted to buy things, but stores have not been open. But it remains to be seen. We'll monitor that very, very carefully, and we do that, try to get weekly inputs from all of our major customers.
Lisa R. Thompson - Senior Technology Analyst
Okay. And I guess my last question is about laptops. Has that resurged? I've seen -- heard a lot of people saying they ordered -- companies have been ordering them to send people to work at home. Has that resurged? And do you think that might keep up a little while?
James Elvin Keim - Head of Marketing & Sales and Director
Yes. Several things are driving that. Indeed, work from home caused quite a spike in notebooks. As a matter of fact, many type notebooks became difficult to procure. Some of the lead times, obviously, went out. We've also seen with that a trend for companies now to also move all their employees up to Windows 10. There's been a lot of older notebooks still on Windows 7. So we think that upgrade will continue to move forward through the year.
Operator
Thank you. And I'm showing there are no further questions in the queue. I'd like to turn the call back over to Dan for any closing remarks.
Daniel Meiberg - Corporate Communications Officer
Thank you for your time and attention this morning. Please feel free to contact me at (408) 987-5920 at extension 8888 or at ir@o2micro.com with any follow-up questions. I'd like to thank everyone for the call, for joining us today. Have a great day, and thank you again for your time and attention. Goodbye.