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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the ManTech Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2017 Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Stephen Vather, Executive Director, Corporate Development. Please go ahead.
Stephen Vather
Thanks, Chelsea, and welcome, everyone. On today's call, we have George Pedersen, Chairman and CEO; Kevin Phillips, President and COO; Judy Bjornaas, Executive Vice President and CFO; and Dan Keefe and Bill Varner, our 2 Group Presidents.
During this call, we will make statements that do not address historical facts and, thus, are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results. For a full discussion of these factors and other risks and uncertainties, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors in our latest Form 10-K and our other SEC filings. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements made on this call.
Now I'd like to turn it over to George.
George J. Pedersen - Co-Founder, Chairman and CEO
Good afternoon, and thank you for participating in today's call. I'm proud to report ManTech had an excellent quarter. We demonstrated steadfast revenue growth, robust bookings and outstanding cash flow. The $1.9 billion in contract awards in the third quarter is the second strongest in our history as a company. Additionally, shortly after the quarter close, we successfully completed the acquisition of InfoZen.
[Three] keys in the quarter and through 2017 are the result of a growth-focused strategy coupled with the hard work and dedication of the entire ManTech team. Our focus remains on delivering the best of breed solutions to meet our customers' needs.
In 2018, ManTech will celebrate 50 years as a company, and I'm proud of our history of supporting national security and protecting our homeland. Our customers know this is the steadfast commitment anytime, anywhere.
Now Kevin will provide you with more details on our ops. Kevin?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Thank you, George. I want to begin by highlighting that, in the third quarter, revenues, net income, earnings per share and operating cash flows were all up from 2016. We saw sustained year-over-year direct labor growth in Q3 as a result of new contract awards over [the last] 12 months. As George mentioned, we received $1.9 billion in contract awards, a 4.5x book-to-bill, which is the strongest bookings quarter in 5 years and the second highest in our history. It also marks the 10th consecutive quarter of bookings at or above 1x.
Equally noteworthy is that approximately 70% of the bookings in Q3 were for new business. A majority of the new work was for federal civilian customers, including the Department of State and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratories. Additionally, in the quarter, we won approximately $400 million of contract awards to provide cyber network operations solutions and services to our intelligence community customers. Dan and Bill will further discuss these awards later on the call.
Our bookings drove an increase in total backlog to $6.3 billion and funded backlog increased to $1.5 billion, sequentially up 28% and 40%, respectively. Over the last few years, we have been focused on expanding our presence with federal civilian customers, primarily in homeland security, federal health IT and, more recently, diplomatic security within the Department of State. We have utilized our exceptional full-spectrum cyber capabilities and our strong national security experience to expand in these markets.
In addition to full-spectrum cyber, we are also investing in secured and scalable enterprise IT offerings, increasing our data and predictive analytics capabilities and continued improvement of our software and systems engineering capabilities. Contract awards in the quarter and throughout 2017 as well as our strong opportunity pipeline are validation of our strategy and our continued investment in these targeted markets.
Clearly, from our Q3 awards and recent string of strong bookings, the outlook for ManTech is excellent. Our customers are increasingly focused on what I view as 5 overarching demands: speed, innovation, readiness, reduced sustainment costs and comprehensive security to include physical, cyber, insider threat and supply chain components. ManTech has been focused on each of these in our internal investments and in our support to our customers.
Now some brief comments on the budget outlook. The government is operating under continuing resolution and will do so at least until early December. Negotiations are underway, and we are optimistic that Congress will find a path providing increased funding for national and homeland security customers' initiatives.
In addition to the potential budget growth, the overall contracting environment is exhibiting ongoing improvement. We see sustained and strong customer demand, as evidenced by our very robust proposal activity, particularly for cyber, enterprise and mission IT and systems engineering capabilities. We remain on track to submit over $7 billion in bids in 2017, and our initial view of the opportunity flow in 2018 supports an equally strong level of demand.
Exiting Q3, our total qualified pipeline sits at $20 billion, and we maintain approximately $4 billion awaiting adjudication. With our investments in business development and expanded capabilities paying off with exceptional bookings, we are now focused on solid program execution and in recruiting, training and retaining critical and differentiated talent for our customers.
Now Judy will provide you with additional detail and specifics of our financial performance and outlook. Judy?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Thanks, Kevin. Revenues for the third quarter were $423 million, up $7 million or 2% compared to the third quarter of 2016. Direct labor was up 5% year-over-year and was the primary driver of our Q3 revenue growth. For the quarter, prime contracts represented 89% of our revenue. Contract mix was essentially unchanged, with 66% of revenues on cost-plus contracts, 14% on time and material contracts and 20% on fixed-price contracts.
Operating income for the quarter was $23.1 million, down 2% from the third quarter of 2016. Quarterly operating margin of 5.5% was consistent with our previously communicated expectations for the second half of 2017.
I want to highlight the factors impacting the operating margin in the quarter relative to the first half of this year. In the quarter, we made investments to support our growing pipeline, so we had higher material procurements, and incurred transaction expenses related to our InfoZen deal.
Net income was $15.2 million and diluted earnings per share were $0.39 for the quarter, which was up 4% and 3%, respectively, compared to third quarter of 2016. The effective tax rate was 34.5% in Q3, which was lower than expected due to the changes in accounting rules for stock options and some onetime adjustments.
Now on to the balance sheet and cash flow statement. Our balance sheet at quarter end showed $149 million in cash and no debt. However, we closed our acquisition of InfoZen shortly following quarter close, which we funded with cash on hand and our revolving credit facility.
During the quarter, we collected $52 million in cash flow from operations or 3.4x net income, and our DSOs were 68 days in the quarter, a decrease of 1 day sequentially.
The board has authorized us to maintain our current dividend level of $0.21 per share to be paid on December 22, 2017.
Now on to the forward outlook. As compared to our previously communicated 2017 guidance, we are raising and narrowing the range on revenue, net income and EPS. We are now calling for revenues of $1.71 billion to $1.73 billion, net income of $60.8 million to $61.4 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.55 to $1.57. Achieving the higher end of the revenue range will be contingent on the timing and pace of material procurements as well as the ramp-up of new contract awards. The implied operating margin guidance for the year remains at 5.7%.
Consistent with what we communicated last quarter, we are continuing to make investments in the business to support the ramp-up of our new contracts and to respond to a robust level of bid and proposal activity. At the midpoint of guidance, net income is expected to be up approximately 8% and earnings per share is expected to be up 6% from 2016, benefiting from the revenue growth and an increased percentage of revenue coming from direct labor. Cash flow from operations is expected to be between 1.8 and 2x net income for the full year. Built into our guidance are an effective tax rate of 36.8% and a fully diluted share count of 39.1 million shares.
Given the strong new business awards and the acquisition of InfoZen, we are providing a preview into our potential 2018 financial performance. In accordance with our normal practice, we will provide full 2018 guidance on our Q4 2017 earnings call in February, but our initial outlook for 2018 suggests a year-over-year top line growth percentage in the low to mid-teens. We continue to view a 10 to 15 basis point year-over-year improvement of our operating margins as a reasonable growth target, given our contract composition and our focus on continuing to invest in opportunities, capabilities and staffing, which are necessary to expand our business organically.
Now Dan will speak to our defense and federal civilian business.
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Good afternoon. I'm pleased to report that ManTech Mission Solutions & Services had an impressive quarter, as exemplified by our strong bookings. In the quarter, we received an $817 million award from the Department of State, supporting the Bureau of Diplomatic Security. This $817 million contract is by far the largest win of new work in the last 10 years and is indicative of the investments we have made over the last 3 to 4 years that have enabled ManTech to compete effectively against any competitor in our space on these large, complex contracts.
As previously announced, in this quarter, we were awarded a $450 million contract to manage and transform NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Institutional Computing Environment. On this managed services contract, we will be providing a broad range of enterprise IT management services for 7,000 users, including hardware and software infrastructure management and maintenance, cybersecurity, help desk support and system administration. Additionally, in the quarter, we received approximately $230 million in contract awards, which comprised of recompetes and contract expansions from primarily Department of Defense customers.
Lastly, I would like to discuss the acquisition of InfoZen, which we closed about a month ago. The company is a perfect fit with our strategy to expand our federal civilian market presence and expand our capabilities in IT modernization, Agile and DevOps software development and cloud migration. Furthermore, InfoZen's capabilities in threat monitoring and assessment for the Transportation and Security Administration (sic) [Transportation Security Administration] complement the work we are performing under our Customs and Border Protection business intelligence support services contract.
Overall, I'm pleased with addition of InfoZen's talented employees, exceptional capabilities, excellent task performance and deep customer relationships. The integration is off to a smooth start, and we are excited about our enhanced market position.
Bill?
L. William Varner - Group President of Mission, Cyber & Intelligence Solutions Group (MCIS)
Thanks, Dan. I'm pleased to report that the Mission, Cyber & Intelligence Solutions group also had an exceptional quarter. As I've mentioned many times before, ManTech's full-spectrum cyber solutions and services, both offenses and defenses, are a core and foundational capability. We saw ongoing and growing demand for cyber operations solutions from several classified customers, which represented the vast majority of the nearly $400 million of our contract awards in the quarter. These wins underscore ManTech's long-standing presence as a trusted provider of differentiated cyber operations capabilities since 2002.
I'm also pleased to report that our acquisition of Oceans Edge Cyber, which we acquired last year, is exceeding our growth expectations, and even more importantly, we are seeing the realization of synergies we had anticipated from this small but highly strategic acquisition.
As we mentioned last quarter, ManTech is investing heavily in our technical staff and evolving our capabilities. We announced the opening of our Advanced Cyber Range Environment this quarter. The range allows our customers to benefit from military-grade cyber training, testing and evaluation capabilities on precise simulations of their own networks, testing their cybersecurity systems and personnel against real malware in a safe environment. The range will support both government and commercial customers.
On a more personal note, as many of you are already aware, I have made the decision to retire at the end of this year. This year will mark my eighth with ManTech and over 41 years of supporting the intelligence community. I will continue to support ManTech on a frequent basis and look forward to spending more time with my family in California. Thank you, George and Kevin, for entrusting me to serve all these years as President of the MCIS group and for the opportunity to lead one of the premier technology groups in the entire intelligence community. It has truly been a pleasure and a privilege working with all of my esteemed colleagues across ManTech.
Kevin?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Bill, it has been a pleasure working with you, and all of us here thank you for your service. You have been a critical member of the leadership team, and we appreciate everything that you have done, not only for ManTech, but also for our customers and their critical missions during your career.
In summary, we take pride in our reputation as a premier national and homeland security company with a mission-first and a customer-focused philosophy. We believe that much of our success over the years is attributable to this philosophy and our employees who bring 110% of their energy in support of our customers every day. We are pleased with ManTech's strong performance in the quarter and year-to-date, and we remain optimistic about the future.
With that, we are ready to take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question is from Joseph Vafi of Loop Capital.
Joseph Anthony Vafi - Analyst
Great results and great bookings. I was wondering if we could kind of take a step back and look at the nature of demand that you're seeing at a higher level. I think the InfoZen acquisition was an interesting signpost in the journey and evolution of government services. It was more of a pure, let's say, software engineering firm versus a C4ISR asset, which was more of the type of M&A you saw in the sector a few years ago. And wondering if you could comment on the direction of demand and if the acquisition of InfoZen and some of your stronger bookings are kind of a pivot that you're seeing where demand is occurring in the government. Maybe more in software engineering, more like the private sector stuff versus some of the command-and-control that's unique to Defense and the government. And then I'll have a follow-up.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Yes. So I'll step up a bit on that. So broadly, the cyber domain is a battle space. It's an area that has everybody's attention and is a critical component for national security and homeland security. And within that, there's an increasing recognition that we have to apply secured and scalable capabilities into enterprise IT systems. And those enterprise IT systems have to move towards, over time, a more current, in some cases, form of underlying technology. And so when you look at the business at large, mission IT, there's more data to collect, more data to analyze, and that's important from a predictive analytics standpoint. Enterprise IT, the cybersecurity aspect of it is increasing in demand, which in part is why ManTech is being successful in that arena. And then we're having to adapt some of the more current technologies. And from a capability set, now that also moves into your point on the commercial side is that not into commercial but the application of commercial offerings into federal government customers in order to improve that is a focus area they have. The question is, for what -- I mean, there's a lot of offerings out there -- and to what purpose? So I think, in that regard, it's more consistent with what they've done in the past, but they're more focused on moving in that direction in order to secure the network and have a scalable system.
Joseph Anthony Vafi - Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. I guess -- and I know that you gave us a teaser on 2018, but is there a way to parse out that mid-teens between organic and what InfoZen may be providing at this point?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes. So kind of at the midpoint of that range, it's a little more than half organic.
Joseph Anthony Vafi - Analyst
Okay, Judy. And then maybe I'll just sneak one more in. On these big bookings numbers that we're seeing mostly new business, what's the staffing environment like in order to -- because the funded backlog's up nicely, too, so it's translating into near-term business and your ability to provide services against that funded backlog at this point.
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Yes. On the -- on 2 of those 3 contracts, on the State Department and on the JPL, I don't see much of an issue in filling those positions. When you start talking about the custom and border patrol, we still are faced with security clearance requirements, so that's a little bit slower. But we look for a full ramp on all of them by the end of this year.
Operator
Our next question is from Rob Spingarn of Crédit Suisse.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Just related to that last question, when we think about the fact that some of these contracts extend out 10 years, when you look at the bookings in the quarter, what percentage of that is -- converts in the next 12 months?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Well, I mean, the 2 biggest pieces are 10 years, and I would say everything else is probably averaging about 5.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Okay. And then it's linear, so the 10 years, it's just sort of State is like $80 million a year?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Well, it'll start lower than that.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Okay. All right. And what percentage then of your sales for next year, which, if you do the math, I guess, is around $1.9 billion plus, what percentage of that is already in backlog?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Well, we've got a little less than 20% up for recompete next year. And then beyond that, I think it's a lighter-than-usual new business plug to get into that number.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
And when you talk about the margin expansion of 10 to 15 basis points, it's sourced from a few different things, it looks like. But how much of that is from pricing? In other words, are you pricing your current backlog? Or is your backlog priced at margins above what you're currently delivering?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Some of that depends on the customers themselves. We are seeing, in new proposals that are going in, an improvement in the receptivity to best value versus lowest price. But we still have pockets of the business that are more competitive than others, so not everything that we're submitting today is at margins higher than our current average.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
This is Kevin. I'll add to that, that the need for speed, innovation, improvement of sustainment costs, they're definitely focused on the best value procurement model these days, very few exceptions, and they are moving towards what outcomes and outputs they're going to get from that dollar. And that's kind of changing the behavior and the focus because of the need to improve their (inaudible).
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
So that's kind of where I'm trying to go, guys. Is the margin expansion driven by that, the sort of migration to best value where the pricing's a little firmer? Or is a lot of this self-help, where you're just making a more efficient organization?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
It's mostly going to be driven by the change in the environment.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Demand-driven.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Okay. And then a last high-level question. I don't know if George wants to try this one or, Kevin, you or one of the business heads. But with the focus on readiness, and we heard quite a bit about this from Army leadership over the past months, particularly with regard to the tensions in East Asia, et cetera, does your -- what kind of readiness activity does your guidance imply or embed? And is there upside based on some of the latest commentary out of folks like General Milley and their strategies?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
I'll comment on that. So our pipeline that we have is kind of defined based on the known demand for the -- from the government, our customers that we're going after. It doesn't try to include any surge in and around readiness within that. It's based on identified pipeline opportunities. If they end up -- and this is industry-wide, if they end up getting sufficient money and want to try to surge things up, then they can do that. But I think they're going to be very pointed on what it is that they're trying to do and for what. And that's going to be more system-to-system in where they are on the readiness level. So it's very hard to tell you how to -- we would apply that or potentially apply that into each of the market segments we're in.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Okay, okay. And then just one last one. This goes back to the earlier question or the prior analyst. The organic growth next year, which you described as being slightly over half of the total growth, is that percentage growth consistent throughout the year? Or do you start slower and ramp higher? How do we think about that on a progression basis?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
I think it'll start a little bit higher and then level out over the course of the year as we get towards the Q4 comp.
Robert Michael Spingarn - Aerospace and Defense Analyst
Okay. So it's a comp thing. So the first quarter should be pretty robust.
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes.
Operator
Our next question is from Brian Kinstlinger of Maxim Group.
Jeffrey Drezner
This is Jeffrey in for Brian Kinstlinger. On the proposals awaiting adjudication, what percentage are for new business?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
So on the proposals awaiting adjudication, over half is waiting -- is new business.
Jeffrey Drezner
So is that -- would that be a lot over half, closer to 75%? Maybe closer to 50%?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Approximately over half, not a lot over half.
Jeffrey Drezner
Second question I had was, can you just remind us if the Army consolidation contract has a 2% headwind and when the headwind would anniversary?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
So those headwinds kind of phased out throughout the year, and they pretty much anniversary-ed Q2 into Q3. So everything is kind of working -- works its way out in Q4.
Jeffrey Drezner
Okay. And one last question. As you started the new fiscal year, is there a significant difference between -- in the procurement environment today versus the market the same time last year?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Our customers have more, as I mentioned before, focus on a select number of items. They know what they need. They're focused on best value and outcomes-based, and that allows for the investments that we've made in business development solutioning talent to help us differentiate ourselves in a best-value environment.
Operator
Our next question is from Gautam Khanna of Cowen and Company.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
A couple of questions, just to clarify on the '18 commentary. I'm sort of -- I'm assuming about $100 million of annual sales at InfoZen, so the implied organic may be in the 8% to 9% range. Just want to make sure I'm not being overly aggressive, but so inorganic growth from InfoZen of maybe $80 million to $90 million year-over-year? Is that fair? Or...
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes, that's fair, because we're projecting about $25 million in Q4. So 3 quarters' worth.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay. Three quarters, so $75 million inorganic.
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
So okay. In terms of the bookings in the quarter, did the mix, in terms of cost-plus, T&M, fixed-price, is that -- on the new bookings, was it accretive to that mix, i.e., more fixed-price and T&M relative to the current (inaudible)
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
It's more fixed-price in nature. It's not necessarily T&M. It is fixed-price and components moving towards outcomes-based. So there are shifts in that.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay. Judy, in your remarks, I think you made a comment about some onetime items in the quarter from deal, InfoZen-related costs and what have you. Can you aggregate that for us? How much of an impact was that?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
So the -- we also had some expenses related to the credit facility renewal that we did, the amend and extend. So I'd say kind of those onetime items were between $0.5 million to $700,000, that range.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay, got it. Do you guys have any preliminary view on amortization related to the InfoZen transaction?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
We're still finalizing the purchase price agreement. But the first draft, it is coming in a little bit higher than we expected. But I'm expecting depreciation and amortization in Q4 to go from the 7 8 that it's been running at to a little over 9, probably 9 2.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay. And tax rates were back up, right, to approximately 38%? Or what...
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes, that's what we're modeling. But we can't control the timing of those option exercises, so I've noticed a lot of our peers are also having kind of unpredictable tax rates. So...
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay. And there was a, I guess, a GAO protest and where you guys were denied the protest. And I just was -- on a technicality, it seemed like, but what's the impact of recompete losses? Like what are you absorbing in that 8% to 9% organic growth that -- as headwinds next year? Like that (inaudible) number but it's net of things fading.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
That -- yes, so that contract was for new work, it wasn't for recompete work. That would have supported an additional upside. So it's not something that we would've had a high probability in building to the number.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Are there any other material recompetes, chunkier recompetes, if you will, that we should be monitoring besides CLSS next year?
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Yes, this is Dan. The large MRAP contract is turned in, and we're expecting award here in the near term.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
And beyond that, nothing of big -- nothing big. No.
Operator
Our next question is from Brian Ruttenbur of Drexel Hamilton.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
Yes, great quarter on the bookings. Question on taxes. In '17, what is included for taxes as a percentage for the fourth quarter?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Right now, we're modeling 38% for the fourth quarter.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
So you're looking for a full tax rate in the fourth quarter?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Right.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
And how about in '18, are you going to look for a full tax rate for the whole year of roughly 38%?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
It'll be between 37% and 38%.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
Okay. And then you mentioned rebid activity. I had been hearing that roughly 30% of your contracts were coming up for rebid in 2018, and I heard a number of closer to 20%. Can you talk about that? And what are the big ones?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes. So the 30% number was really the cumulative through the second half of this year into next year, and we've had a number of those clear through adjudication or through a multiyear [source] extension. The only real significant one is the one that Dan and Kevin just spoke about, the MRAP contract.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
So 20%.
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
Okay. So it's closer to right at 20% for the rebid?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Right. For '18, because there's virtually nothing left for this year.
Brian William Ruttenbur - Senior Equity Research Analyst
Okay. And then this was asked once or twice already, but I just want to get a little clarity on the bookings. Is this primarily because of the up-tempo activity? Can you talk a little bit about the very strong bookings? Because it's so strong, even versus your peers that we're seeing, and I was just trying to -- is it readiness? Is it up-tempo? Can you address that a little bit more?
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Well, it's certainly -- as Kevin mentioned, it is part of the market and the uptrend we've seen, but the fact of the matter, it's winning large contracts that are out there that we now have the capability to go after and be successful at.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
So it's Kevin. I'll add to that. So 2 years ago, I think it was, the average proposal volume, just based on the demand from the customer was like $3.5 billion submitted. It's been increasing every year for the past 2 years. That's why we're going to exceed $7 billion this year. And the visibility into the customer demand going into next year supports $7 billion or greater as well. And the time line for their decision-making is improving, not getting worse. So it's those combined factors that are helping our market for us, along with the investments we've made in the differentiation, of a more active level of contract award activity in our sector.
Operator
Our next question is from Brian Kinstlinger of Maxim Group.
Jeffrey Drezner
I just wanted to follow up on one thing I asked earlier. In regards to the procurement environment, you mentioned that the customer's more focused on best value and outcome-based, and you're positioned to take advantage of that. Do you see more RFPs or larger RFPs? What's the take on that?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
I think there are more or larger RFPs that we're going after because of our positioning. I think there are select bundling, but it's not the driver of the larger bids. So it's more demand.
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
And I'd add to that, that we're also seeing longer-term contracts. We've moved away from some of the previous practices of short-term contracts.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) And our next question is from Tobey Sommer of SunTrust.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
I wanted to ask you a question on the book-to-bill as we're looking at that and trying to feed it into the growth going forward for our model. How do you -- could you refresh us on how you define the book-to-bill and would treat long-term contracts and contract values and IDIQs into assembling that number?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes. So our definition of backlog is we take the full value of the awarded contracts plus any options [on CSO] of the full term of the contract as our bookings for the -- for that award. If it's an IDIQ, historically, we do not take a booking. We take the booking at the time we receive the task orders.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
And that would hold true for the IDIQs that you've done work on in the past and sort of win a recompete on as well as new ones?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
If it's an IDIQ that we've held in the past and it's a similar award -- similar group of awardees, we'll take potentially a modified, smaller booking to account for the fact that we're incumbents on some of those tasks.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
Okay. I wanted to ask you another question on the MRAP recompete. How would you assess your performance on that contract? And how many competitive bids do you think are in vying for that work?
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Yes, this is Dan. I think our performance has been strong. And I couldn't count, I don't know how many competitive bids there are.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
Do you see that opportunity for that business to increase with any of the military, any of the overseas activity that we have going on currently? Or is the outlook for spending on that contract relatively stable at this point?
Daniel J. Keefe - Group President of Mission Solutions & Services and COO of Mission Solutions & Services Group
Yes, I mean, the -- I think the outlook is stable. It's been stable for the last year, and I see that going forward in '18.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
Okay. And in terms of your indirect labor and utilization of direct labor, what sort of trend are you seeing? If you're -- if you've got this organic growth going outlook as we head into next year, could you describe kind of what expectations you have for direct labor as we move forward?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Well, we expect our direct labor has grown year-over-year, even into '17, and I think it will continue -- as a percentage of revenue, which will continue to grow into '18. That said, we're also going to continue to make investments in growth areas and our capture on solutioning. So it might not be a proportional increase, but as the direct labor goes up, that frees us up to make additional investments. So indirect labor will go up to some extent as well.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
Yes. So the overall utilization has improved over the last few years, and it'll probably remain near its current rate because we are going to invest in talent, capabilities and feeding to the additional pipeline that's in front of us.
Tobey O'Brien Sommer - MD
Is there a subject matter or 2 that you might highlight as areas that you want to invest in to make sure you have capabilities ahead of contracts?
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
We're going to continue to focus on the expansion of cyber across all domains, tactical and strategic. We're going to focus on cloud offerings and development to help our customers port over capabilities. That's going to be a continuing trend over time. And we're going to focus on the managed -- I mean, the mission IT components and enterprise IT components as well.
Operator
Our next question is from Gautam Khanna of Cowen and Company.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Yes, just a quick follow-up on the M&A pipeline post the InfoZen deal. It sounds like you guys will be, again, pretty quickly in a net cash position and just wondering if you see other acquisitions of similar size in the pipeline? Or if you can give us any sort of flavor for what you're looking at.
Kevin M. Phillips - President and COO
So the acquisition pipeline remains. I wouldn't call it robust, but it's visible. It was very robust this summer. We've got back to our sort of normal range of outcomes in terms of the volume. And it's a range of sizes, just like it has been. So there are definitely companies around the same size, there are some smaller, some larger that are out there.
Gautam J. Khanna - MD and Senior Analyst
Okay. And in terms of capital structure, still comfortable going to 3, 3.5x EBITDA in terms of debt -- net debt to EBITDA?
Judith L. Bjornaas - CFO and EVP
Yes, yes. So as you said, we'll definitely be back in that cash position relatively quickly and certainly have the capacity to continue to do larger or multiple M&A deal.
Stephen Vather
Okay. Chelsea, it appears that we have no further questions at this time. As usual, members of our senior team will be available for any follow-ups. Thank you all for your participation on today's call and your interest in ManTech.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's conference. Thank you for your participation, and have a wonderful evening. You may now all disconnect.