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Operator
Greetings, and welcome to the Leggett & Platt second-quarter 2013 conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation.
As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.
It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, David DeSonier, Senior Vice President, Strategy and Investor Relations for Leggett & Platt, Incorporated. Thank you, Mr. DeSonier, you may begin.
David DeSonier - SVP, Strategy & IR
Good morning, and thank you for taking part in Leggett & Platt's second-quarter conference call.
With me this morning are the following, Dave Haffner, our CEO; Karl Glassman, who is President and Chief Operating Officer; Matt Flanigan, our Executive VP and CFO; and Susan McCoy, our Staff VP of Investor Relations. Dennis Park, who is Senior Vice President of the Company and also President of the Commercial Fixturing and Components segment, is also joining us this morning to participate in Q&A. As we mentioned last quarter, we plan to periodically include each of the segment presidents in these calls.
The agenda for our call this morning is as follows. Dave Haffner will start with a summary of the major statements we made in yesterday's press release, Matt Flanigan will discuss financial details and address our outlook for 2013, Karl Glassman will provide segment highlights, and finally, the group will answer any questions you have.
This conference is being recorded for Leggett & Platt and is copyrighted material. This call may not be transcribed, recorded or broadcast without our expressed permission. A replay is available from the IR portion of Leggett's website. We posted to the IR portion of the website a set of PowerPoint slides that contain summary financial information along with segment details. Those slides supplement the information we discuss on this call, including non-GAAP reconciliations.
I need to remind you that remarks today concerning future expectations, events, objectives, strategies, trends or results constitute forward-looking statements. Actual results or events may differ materially due to a number of risks and uncertainties, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise these statements. For a summary of these risk factors and additional information, please refer to yesterday's press release and the section in our 10-K, entitled Forward-Looking Statements.
I will now turn the call over to Dave Haffner.
Dave Haffner - CEO
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for participating in our call.
As we reported yesterday, second-quarter earnings from continuing operations were $0.44 per share, up 13% versus the $0.39 per share from continuing operations that we earned in the second quarter of 2012. Same location sales grew 2% during the quarter. Unit volumes increased 3%, but were partially offset by lower trade sales from our rod mill. Unit volume growth was largely driven by strength in carpet underlay, store fixtures, automotive and commercial vehicle products. EBIT grew and EBIT margins improved by 100 basis points to 10.3% in the second quarter, primarily from higher unit volumes.
During the quarter, we exited three small operations and, as a result, recorded a $0.05 per share benefit in discontinued operations, primarily driven by taxes. These three operations collectively generated only about $15 million of annual sales during 2012, but posted slightly negative EBIT. We are also exploring possible strategic alternatives for our Commercial Vehicle Products business, one of which is the potential divestiture of that business.
In late May, we acquired a small aerospace tube fabrication business, adding to the aerospace products business unit that was formed in early 2012 with the acquisition of Western Pneumatic Tube. We continue to look for opportunities to carefully grow the Company through well-screened acquisitions in attractive markets. Optimizing returns on capital employed continues to be a major focus for our operations. We ended the second quarter with working capital at 12.5% of annualized sales, which is well below our 15% target.
In May, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.29 per share. 2013 marks our 42nd-consecutive annual dividend increase, at a compound annual growth rate of 13%. At yesterday's closing price of $31.71, the current yield is 3.7%, which is one of the highest among all of the S&P 500's dividend aristocrats.
We assess our overall performance by comparing our total shareholder return to that of peer companies on a rolling three-year basis. Our target is to achieve TSR in the top one-third of the S&P 500 over the long term, which we believe will require an average TSR of 12% to 15% per year. For the three-year period that will end on December 31 of 2013, we have so far generated TSR of 19% per year on average, which currently places us in that top one-third of the S&P 500 companies.
I will now turn the call over to Matt Flanigan, who will discuss some additional financial details, along with our outlook for the remainder of the year. Matt?
Matt Flanigan - EVP & CFO
Thank you, Dave; and good morning, everyone.
Operating cash flow grew during the quarter to $99 million, an increase of 22% over the second quarter of 2012. For the full year, we now expect to generate over $350 million of operating cash flow, again, comfortably exceeding the amount required to fund capital expenditures and dividends. During calendar 2013, dividends should require about $125 million of cash, which is lower than a typical year since the dividend, normally paid in January 2013, was accelerated into December last year in anticipation of higher tax rates. We now expect capital expenditures in 2013 to be approximately $85 million.
We repurchased 1.2 million shares of our stock in the second quarter. Consistent with our stated priorities for the use of excess cash flow, we will prudently buy back our stock, bearing in mind our level of cash generation, other potential opportunities to strategically grow the Company, and the overall outlook for the general economy. We have a standing authorization from the Board to repurchase up to 10 million shares each year, but have established no specific repurchase commitment or timetable.
Our financial base certainly remains very strong. We ended the quarter with net debt to net capital of 29.3%, slightly below the conservative end of our long-term targeted range of 30% to 40%. As we stated in yesterday's press release, sluggish demand in certain of our end markets led to a reduction in our full-year guidance. We now expect sales growth between 1% and 4%, resulting in full-year sales of $3.75 billion to $3.85 billion. That's versus previous guidance of $3.8 billion to $3.95 billion. Given this expected the lower level of sales growth, we now anticipate 2013 earnings of $1.55 to $1.70 per share. This includes $0.05 per share from discontinued operations, which we just reported in second quarter.
Earnings from continuing operations are now expected to be between $1.50 and $1.65 per share. Our prior guidance anticipated that continuing operations would earn between $1.55 and $1.75 per share for the full year. As a reminder, and for comparison purposes, we earned $1.47 of adjusted EPS from continuing operations in 2012. While we do not issue quarterly guidance, we want to remind everyone again that our Store Fixtures business faces a very challenging year-over-year comparison in the upcoming third quarter.
Now, I will turn the call over to Karl who will provide some additional segment comments.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Thank you, Matt.
In the Residential Furnishings segment, same location sales increased 3% in a second quarter from higher unit volumes in certain product categories and raw material-related price increases in carpet underlay. In our US Spring business, sales increased 2% in the quarter. Innerspring unit volumes decreased 1%; however, the growth in the Comfort Core innerspring category continued, with those higher-margin units up 13% during the quarter. Our boxspring volume growth outpaced the market, with units up 12%.
In Furniture Components, sales decreased 2% in the second quarter. Volume in our Seating and Sofa Sleeper businesses grew 6%, but was more than offset by an 8% decrease in motion hardware unit volume. Adjustable bed units were down 14% in the quarter. Product introductions planned for next week's bedding market in Las Vegas should benefit volumes in the back half of the year.
In carpet underlay, sales increased significantly in the quarter from higher unit volume and price increases implemented to recover higher raw material costs. In the segment, second-quarter EBIT and EBIT margins increased slightly, versus the second quarter of 2012. The benefit of higher unit volumes, favorable product mix in US spring, and gains from building sales were partially offset by margin compression in our Fabric Converting business.
In the Commercial Fixturing and Components segment, same location sales increased 11% in the second quarter. As expected, strong program shipments in Store Fixtures drove 17% sales growth in that business. In Office Furniture Components, volume was down slightly during the quarter. We are optimistic about the longer-term view for the Office Furniture industry, but we expect 2013 volume in this business to be somewhat soft.
EBIT and EBIT margins increased versus the second quarter of 2012, reflecting higher sales in the absence of last year's restructuring-related expense. As Matt mentioned in his comments earlier, we will face very strong third-quarter comparison in this segment from large store fixture programs that were shipped last fall.
In the Industrial Materials segment, second-quarter same location sales decreased 9%, due, in roughly equal parts, to lower trade sales at our rod mill and steel-related price deflation. The decrease in trade sales of steel rod during the quarter was more than offset by an increase in inter-company rod sales, and the rod mill continues to run at 100% capacity utilization.
As we've stated in past quarters, a change in the mix of rod sales from trade to inter-company is generally positive to earnings, since that change tends to also shift the production mix to higher-value, high-carbon rods. EBIT and EBIT margins for this segment increased during the quarter, primarily due to the absence of last year's acquisition-related costs, gains from equipment sales, and earnings from small acquisitions.
In the Specialized Products segment, same location sales increased 7% in the second quarter. Automotive sales increased 6%, with strong growth in Asia and North America, partially offset by lower demand in Europe. We also experienced strong sales growth and improving performance in commercial vehicle products. Machinery volume increased slightly. EBIT and EBIT margins increased during the quarter, primarily from higher sales.
Automotive industry forecasts project low to mid single-digit growth in both North America and Asia this year, and low single-digit declines in Europe. These forecasts aggregate to global growth of 2% for the year. With content gains we expect to outperform this industry growth rate.
With those comments, I will turn the call back over to Dave.
Dave Haffner - CEO
Thanks, Karl. As fellow shareholders, we are pleased with the Company's performance since making this strategic change a few years ago. We continue to focus on the levers that influence total shareholder return, including profitable growth and margin enhancement. The very attractive Western Pneumatic Tube acquisition in 2012, and the more recent addition of other small companies to that business -- another small company to that business platform are examples of our high priority on disciplined growth.
In addition, the meaningful margin increase in recent years, with further improvement anticipated in our current-year guidance, is further indication of our high priority on value creation. Despite the progress we have made, we are not content with the current level of performance, and we have implemented additional initiatives to further enhance profitable growth and EBITDA margins.
With those comments, I will turn the call back over to Dave DeSonier.
David DeSonier - SVP, Strategy & IR
That concludes our prepared remarks. We thank you for your attention, and we will be glad to answer your questions. In order to allow everyone an opportunity to participate, we request that you ask your single-best question and then voluntarily yield to the next participant. If you have additional questions, please reenter the queue, and we will answer all the questions that you have.
Claudia, we are ready to begin the Q&A.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Josh Borstein, Longbow Research.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
On the raw-material front, could you discuss what you are seeing currently -- I know some steel prices have been rising, so I was hoping to get some color on that, and what the potential impact it might have?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Josh, this is Karl. Actually, since the third quarter of last year, steel has been flat to slightly softer bias. There has been some announced increases that are expected to go into effect some time August, September, based on about a $25 a ton scrap increase. We will see if those increases hold. But right now, our forecast for the third and fourth quarter show flat to slightly upward trend.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you for that. Then, one more related question on steel -- you mentioned in the press release some raw material price increases in the residential segment, but some price decreases in your industrial segment. Can you discussed the dynamics there?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Yes, the price increases in residential were singularly placed in carpet underlay where there had been a significant shortage of the scrap material that ultimately becomes rebonded carpet underlay. In the first half of this year, there were number of price increases implemented. We now believe, as we start the third quarter, that we are fully recovered -- first time we've been in that position since the tail end of the fourth quarter of last year.
In industrial, there was a slight downward pressure at the rod, and in wire level, in the second quarter of this year. As I said earlier, we expect that there will be some reinflation in both wire and rod in the latter part of the third quarter based on currently announced increases.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Great. Thank you. And then, one more from me -- on the adjustable foundations, could you discuss what you are seeing in that business currently? I think you had mentioned in April, that was back on track, so just hoping to get some color on that, and maybe a peak into July of what you are seeing?
Dennis Park - SVP & President, Commercial Fixturing and Components
This is Dennis Park. Basically what has occurred there, in the second quarter there was a major promotional effort nationwide on a program that we did not participate in. And quite frankly, it was successful. We have not lost any floor position.
Next week, we will be making an introduction of two new programs at the Las Vegas Furniture Market, and the early reports are very positive how that will be received in the marketplace. So, we feel very good about the back half of the year.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Okay. And, in July, have things -- have they picked up at all?
Dennis Park - SVP & President, Commercial Fixturing and Components
They are basically flat. July is in line with what we experienced over the last -- really, over the last six or eight weeks.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Great. Thanks, and good luck.
Operator
Daniel Moore, CJS Securities.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
Last quarter you brought up the bottom end of the guidance range, and obviously, this quarter shifting back down slightly. Maybe just rank order the biggest change or changes in the demand environment over the last 90 days?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Dan, this is Karl. It is all sales related. It is across all of our businesses. I can't point to any one single business unit or certainly at a segment level.
It is our expectation, in April, that there would be a stronger back half of the year. We did not experience that, obviously, in the second quarter. While we think we had a really strong second quarter from an operating-performance standpoint, the one area of disappointment was lack of top line, and we are forecasting a continuation of that through the back half. Generally, we were more optimistic, just one quarter ago, as it relates to sales, than we are today.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
Okay. Maybe a quick follow up -- the strides you've made in bringing down working capital are pretty remarkable. Can you maintain the 12%, 13% range of revenue? Or, should we expect that trend to trend back up toward your stated 15% objective over time?
Dave Haffner - CEO
Dan, this is Dave. I'm glad you asked that question because I ask it often. Karl?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
(Laughter) Dan and Dave, the answer is yes. Short of a real severe increase in raw material inflation, call it steel, there may be periods of time before we cycle through that bump up -- which we do not forecast that, as I have no visibility. I don't see that in the future. That's the only caveat that I continue to give to Dave and Matt, who want to continue to push our target down below 15%. Absent that, that 12.5% -- 12% to 13% range is where we live. And Dan, I appreciate what you said, our operating folks have been a really good job that area. It is a constant area of focus. And, they're incentivized to keep the working capital in line.
Dave Haffner - CEO
And, I'd add to that -- as time goes on, one of the things that we look at, when we look at acquisitions of course, is the overall use of capital. Some of the businesses may have longer receivable terms and things like that, so it can be biased slightly, upward, or for that matter downward, with businesses. But Karl really -- and the team, the segment guys, have done an incredible job of keeping that working capital in place.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
Appreciate it. I will jump back in queue.
Operator
Keith Hughes, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
I want to dig back into the adjustables a little more. What is your sense of the growth rate in the industry there? Have we found a top at all in adjustables, or is it still just straight up?
Dennis Park - SVP & President, Commercial Fixturing and Components
Keith, this is Dennis Park. Actually, in the second quarter, industry wide, our channel checks indicate that the industry growth did slow, still continues to be a pretty positive category. In looking at where it is going from here, we certainly feel that, if you look at the attachment rate, it still relatively low, and we think it continues to have significant upside. Our investment in new product introductions and innovation that we will be bringing out, here shortly, we think will tap into that opportunity quite well.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Keith, this is Karl. I will pile on a little bit -- very much agree with what Dennis said. With an attachment rate of sub 5%, and demographics of the US population going forward, and what we've seen in international markets, we absolutely believe that the category has a lot of upward capability in it. The second quarter was just a soft quarter.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
Switching over to furniture -- what kind of sense for the second half of the year are you getting from your furniture customers at this point?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Actually Keith, the second quarter started pretty slow. April and May were slow. We started to see some pick up in June, and I would say, collectively, the furniture manufacturers feel a little bit more bullish than the bedding side. Our domestic hardware units were up 8.5% in June. It feels like there's more strength in US manufacturing -- certainly some Chinese domestic consumption softness and some softness in Europe that's had a negative impact on our mechanism sales in the second quarter. But, yes, I would say that overall -- and we will know more next week in the Las Vegas market -- the furniture manufacturers are pretty bullish right now.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
John Baugh, Stifel.
John Baugh - Analyst
My one questions is, are -- what are the issues -- you mentioned Chinese local demand and Europe, I guess, impacting that motion-upholstery figure? And then, I'd love some color on the compression on fabric margins, and what to expect there going forward? Thank you.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
John, all of the mechanisms that we sell in Europe are manufactured in Asia, and the Asian -- matter of fact, let me separate from a furniture-hardware standpoint -- we gave you an aggregated 8% number down -- domestic was up 3%, international was down 12%. Some of that is impacted by soft consumption in Europe. Some of it, again, soft consumption domestic. China is relatively a small part of the market. And, we had some market-share loss that is minimal, and we expect that we've anniversaried, now in the second quarter, to a maker user -- a Chinese-based maker user, who is using a larger percentage of their own mechanisms.
As far as fabric converting goes, there was a little bit of inflation in the first quarter, polypropylene based, and then some deflation in the second quarter. And from a competitive perspective, it looks like the market got a little ahead of itself in some price-deflation activities, both Asian produced and US distributed. That will normalize, here in the third and fourth quarters, from a year-on-year perspective. But really, what that is, is a comp issue in that margins in the second quarter of 2012 were pretty darn healthy and they narrowed in the beginning of the second quarter of 2013.
John Baugh - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Herb Hardt, Monness, Crespi & Hardt.
Herb Hardt - Analyst
First of all, good to see you back and buying stock back (laughter). You expected that, I know. My question is -- the discontinued operations, are they going to be shut down? Are you selling them off? And the follow on is, does this free up any cash of significance?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Herb, this is Karl. The one facility, which is a geo-mulch facility based in Texas, is in the process of being closed. The little CVP action was a divestiture that closed during the second quarter. And the other, which was in industrial, was a dishwasher rack business that has been closed. In terms of freeing up some cash, the answer is, yes, because there will be some working capital pick up, and we will certainly gain on the sale of some of those assets.
Susan McCoy - Staff VP of IR
Herb, I'd add the little CVP business, just to be clear, is not our entire CVP unit. We've talked about that being under review. This is a small operation that was assessed out of that particular business unit that was actually sold during the quarter.
Herb Hardt - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Budd Bugatch, Raymond James.
Budd Bugatch - Analyst
I guess my question, David, runs to kind of a larger issue of reinvigorating growth of the Company -- we've been at the operating model now for number of years, which you've done a great job on. You've delivered a lot of TSR that way -- can you hear me?
Dave Haffner - CEO
Yes, we can hear you, Budd.
Budd Bugatch - Analyst
I'm curious now -- how do we start to see growth? I know we've got the -- we had the Western Pneumatic Tube acquisition. And, I want to hear from you where you want to drive the Company, in terms of growing top line and the bottom line over an extended period of time, for the next, maybe, three to five years?
Dave Haffner - CEO
Sure, be happy to respond to that, Budd. We've said, fairly often, recently, that we want to grow our top line, somewhat conservatively, at 4% to 5% per year, and maybe half of that comes from GDP-type activity. The other half of it comes from other initiatives. Those initiatives, of course, include acquisitions.
And, just a side comment, our acquisition radar screen, if you will, is significantly more attractive, at this point, than it has been in the past. That, of course, coupled with the fact that we are more critical in the screening protocol that we use when we look at those acquisitions. I feel comfortable that acquisitions, and then some new product developments, which we don't talk about every new product that is developed. But, generally speaking, even if a new product cannibalizes an existing product, there tends to be an incremental improvement in revenue and a simultaneous improvement in margin.
I do believe that you are going to see more on the acquisition front. I hope that you'll be comforted with the fact that we are more critical than we've ever been on what we pay for acquisitions and what their long-term strategic fit will be for the Corporation -- and new product development. And then, day in, day out, the operating people, the sales and marketing people are out there looking for ways to gain market share in the markets that we already participate in with the products that we have.
And the last comment I will make -- sorry to ramble -- is that we've also modified our compensation program just this year, so that we will be compensated -- we are no longer issuing options. What we are doing is, we are issuing performance grants that may or may not be paid out, and they will only be paid out if we see meaningful growth in revenue above a defined target and/or increases in EBITDA margin. That's really what I was referring to in that brief comment in my opening comments. All those things combined we think will give us what we need, not just for the next three to five years, Budd, but hopefully for a much longer period of time than that.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Budd, if I could add, on an organic-opportunity standpoint -- and I'll speak just to 2014 -- the auto statistics show 6% growth rate next year. With our increased content, our auto should grow at greater than that, if that 6% industry growth holds together. The forecast for office is stronger for next year than this. Aerospace is expected to grow, from a production perspective, greater next year than this. As long as consumer confidence holds together, with the housing statistics that we are dealing with now, we are confident that we will see continued growth in carpet underlay. And, we continue to be very bullish on furniture and bedding, but it takes a confident consumer.
We will see what happens to the consumer on the back half, with inefficiency of our government over the whole debt-ceiling situation, which makes us a little bit nervous, but we will see how all that plays out. Another positive trend is we are now -- just eclipsed three quarters in a row, where innersprings are growing at a faster rate than non-innerspring bedding. So, the belief that innersprings are dead is proving to be not factual. So, we are very, very bullish, but we are concerned about the back half of this year.
Budd Bugatch - Analyst
To me, I think you pay more for -- you get more value for organic growth than you do for the acquisition growth. Western Pneumatic was a fine acquisition, but it was expensive. I would love to hear, at some point in time, talk a little bit -- give us a product vitality metric, or something that lets us know how we are doing in really generating new product sales for the Company to deliver some organic growth that is visible to the investment community.
Dave Haffner - CEO
Yes, Budd, that's a very good point -- this is Dave, again. While I didn't bring the vitality index information in here, we do monitor that. And I apologize, as I don't have it in front of me. The vitality index is up, and the way we define that is revenue generated from products that did not exist 36 months ago. We are not talking about just changing an SKU from white to blue, it has to be a bona fide new product.
We do monitor that, and we will provide some additional information. We should make a note, and we will talk about it next time we all get together. And, we agree with you, incidentally, that generic growth is worth more than the acquisition growth. We clearly agree with that.
Budd Bugatch - Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much. Good luck on the balance of the year.
Dave Haffner - CEO
Thanks, Budd.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Daniel Moore, CJS Securities.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
Any update on the potential timeline of divestment or sale of CVP? And then, beyond that, are there other business or product lines that the Board is looking at as potential divestment candidates?
Dave Haffner - CEO
Yes, Dan, we are still gathering information through the M&A department and in an investment banking firm that we've engaged. We have a meeting. I guess it is next -- I cannot remember which day -- two weeks on Tuesday, week after next, to assess the situation, and that will give us very contemporary data. And, at that particular point in time, we believe we will be able to, at least cross the -- or make the decision on whether we pursue divestiture or keep it in our portfolio. And if we do, then what are the attributes of changes that we will do.
We are not there; we are not ready to say we are definitely going to sell this business. But, strategically, we think it would make sense for our shareholders to trade that business for some dollars that we can reinvest in something that would provide better returns and/or some shares that we would buy back.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
That's helpful. Susan, I'm going to take a crack at one, just being really lazy -- can you perhaps quantify the EPS impact of the spike in store fixtures demand that took place during last year's Q3?
Susan McCoy - Staff VP of IR
Dan, we have not quantified that data externally.
Daniel Moore - Analyst
Understood. Thought I'd give it a shot, appreciate it (laughter).
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Dan, I will tell you, from modeling standpoint, expect that sales will be off about $35 million in the third quarter, from a top-line standpoint. I, like Susan, won't give you the EPS impact, but expect that's the magnitude of the top-line impact --
Dave Haffner - CEO
Offset significantly by the other segments.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Correct. Yes, it's just in store fixtures.
Operator
Keith Hughes, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
Yes, just a follow-up question -- if you do sell CVP, will those proceeds going into the normal Leggett & Platt's use of cash flow, or will there be a special use for those, or what's the view now?
Dave Haffner - CEO
Keith, they become generic dollars, if you will. We've got some opportunities to invest, here in the not-too-distant future, either in acquisitions, or obviously, in our shares. We don't have them earmarked. It is not something that driving us to generate x-number of dollars that we are immediately going to redeploy. It just goes in to Matt's pocket over there, and then we will go back down when we need the cash and ask him for it for an acquisition or the share repurchase.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
One other follow up. You had mentioned your July mattress business was, more or less flat, what you're seeing for the last couple months. Was there any sort of -- let me ask it this way -- did you see a spike on Fourth of July, and then a tail off after that? That's kind of been the history of the industry for the last couple of years. Did that occur here, again, in July?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Keith, it absolutely occurred over Memorial Day, and then again over the Fourth of July. There's some softness that builds to, really, pretty good holidays. But then, there's a vacuum that's created, really before and after each one of them, so the bedding industry, both at the manufacturing and the retail level has conditioned the consumer to only buy mattresses when they are at heavily discounted and heavily promoted. So, it is a little bit of a feast or famine.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
When you add it all up, you had a flattish industry, is your opinion, is that right?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Yes.
Keith Hughes - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Herb Hardt, Monness, Crespi & Hardt.
Herb Hardt - Analyst
Can you give us a breakdown of the carpet underlay business as to how much would go into residential versus commercial?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
It is primarily -- Herb, it is primarily residential based, but there is a healthy mix in that we supply all types of carpet underlay. It's residential, industrial and commercial, actually, because of the foam, rubber and fiber attributes of each one of those. But off the top of my head, I don't know what that mix is.
Dave Haffner - CEO
I don't either, Herb, but I may have mentioned this previously, but on industrial applications that is significantly biased towards the fiber and the rubber-based product, whereas residential is virtually all foam-based component.
Herb Hardt - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
John Baugh, Stifel.
John Baugh - Analyst
Let's see, I wanted to clarify this, Dave, that your reference -- I think it was additional initiatives -- does that relate to this compensation issue for growth and/or margin? And then, secondly, a Comfort Core question -- I recall those percentage gains year over year being up in the 20%, 30%, 40% range, I think, it was 13%. Is that just [anniversarying] really tough numbers, or is there something else going on there as it relates to hybrids? Thank you.
Dave Haffner - CEO
Yes, John, on the first one, the initiatives was plural because while that modified-compensation program, which we feel comfortable will assist us in generating incremental sales at higher margins, is important, there are a lot of other -- almost countless initiatives across the Company. A pretty good example is in Dennis' group, where they redefined the sales protocol to incentivize our salespeople to go out and gain incremental volume, which is a different compensation program that they've had in the past. Many of those types of things are happening across the board.
Karl Glassman - President & COO
John, and on the Comfort Core question, first-quarter sales were up 32% in units, and as we said, the second quarter was up 13%. The second quarter was a little soft. We have certainly anniversaried, but we would expect, in the back half of the year, to run at that 13% rate or greater, as more lines of hybrid or Comfort Core -- Comfort Core is used in lines other than hybrid, but as more products are launched, there certainly has been widespread industry acceptance to that product offering. The rate of growth might -- probably less than, long term, less than that 32% but is still should be very healthy.
John Baugh - Analyst
Great. Thank you. Good luck.
Operator
Josh Borstein, Longbow Research.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
In office furniture, could you say what your customers are seeing right now -- their expectations for the back half of year?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Josh, the BIFMA statistic show about 2% gain forecasted for 2013 across all of the categories. Seating is probably a little softer than that, maybe flat. They are starting to anniversary some stronger numbers in the first half of last year, so I would say they, and we, believe that the second half year-on-year comparison will be positive.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Okay. Any insight yet into what 2014 may hold?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Yes, they're forecasting about 4%, but it is early. It is mitigated somewhat by the loss of government-related spending.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Okay. And then, in Europe you saw some nice gains in the spring business, again, this happened in the first quarter as well. What's causing that business to perform so well, while most other things in Europe are either flat to down?
Karl Glassman - President & COO
Actually, you're right, European units were up 18% in the second quarter, after a strong first quarter. I will say the mix isn't as good as it was a year or so ago, so we are selling more units, but of lower average-unit-selling price and lower specification. The reason for our relative success in Europe is we tend to be UK and Northern Europe-based Scandinavian countries, where higher quality, higher average-unit-selling price is consumed. We don't have much of a position in the southern part of Europe. We continue to gain some share because of some currency exchange rate negatives to others that are trying to ship into UK, where we are really the only large producer -- producer of any size on the island.
Josh Borstein - Analyst
Great. Thank you for that.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the floor back over to management for closing remarks.
David DeSonier - SVP, Strategy & IR
We will just say thank you, we appreciate your attention, and we will talk to you again next quarter.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and we thank you for your participation.