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Operator
Good morning, and welcome to JBT Corporation's Fourth Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference.
My name is Tiffany, and I will be your conference operator today.
(Operator Instructions) I will now turn the call over to JBT's VP of Investor Relations, Megan Rattigan to begin today's conference.
Megan J. Rattigan - VP & Controller
Thank you, Tiffany.
Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our year-end 2018 conference call.
With me on the call are our Chairman, President and CEO, Tom Giacomini; and our Executive Vice President and CFO, Brian Deck.
In today's call, we will use forward-looking statements that are subject to the safe harbor language in yesterday's press release and 8-K filing.
JBT's periodic SEC filings also contain information regarding risk factors that may have an impact on our results.
These documents are available in the Investor Relations section of our website.
Also, our discussion today includes references to certain non-GAAP measures.
A reconciliation of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measure can be found in the Investors section of our website.
Now I would like to turn the call over to Tom.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Thanks, Megan, and thank you all for joining us this morning.
I was encouraged by the (technical difficulty) sales we posted in the final quarter of 2018, particularly our record margins (technical difficulty) cash flow.
As I look at JBT, a company that has made meaningful operational improvements throughout 2018 and is better positioned strategically to take advantage of long-term macroeconomic tailwinds in food and aero.
We remain confident in our ability to capture the benefits of our restructuring program, demonstrated by delivering cost savings ahead of plan (technical difficulty) we've increased the size of our restructuring, generating additional benefits.
At the same time, the first days of our new JBT operating system, which simplifies and standardizes our business processes, is up and running, bringing more rigor and accountability to how we run our business.
Looking to 2019.
While JBT exited 2018 with strong orders in backlog, there is still some uncertainty in the marketplace, and we expect top line growth at the lower end of our framework.
In terms of profitability, we anticipate significant margin expansion, placing us solidly in our framework.
We're also optimistic about our ability to capitalize on the robust M&A pipeline JBT matured in the back half of 2018.
I'll turn the call over to Brian to provide more detail on the fourth quarter and full year 2018 performance.
He will also provide guidance for 2019.
Afterward, I'll add color about market dynamics and our active M&A program.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Thanks, Tom, and good morning, everyone.
We finished 2018 on a strong note with expanding margins as well as good order rates and outstanding cash flow.
For 2018, JBT revenue of $1.9 billion increased 17.4% from 2017, with gains of 6.5% organic, 3.1% from acquisitions and 7.8% from the new ASC 606 revenue recognition standard.
At FoodTech, full year revenue growth of 16% was comprised of 3% organic, 4% from acquisitions and 9% or $114 million from ASC 606 benefits.
FoodTech's revenue in the fourth quarter of 2018, excluding the benefit of ASC 606, was below our expectation with about half of the shortfall due to a negative FX impact and the other half from the timing of customer projects and shipments.
On the other hand, FoodTech's excellent fourth quarter profitability reflected JBT's focus on operational effectiveness.
Additionally, we had an improved product mix, and we're able to pass through higher costs as expected.
All told, FoodTech's operating margin hit 16.1% in the fourth quarter, exceeding the previous quarterly record from the year-ago period by more than 200 basis points.
AeroTech revenue was ahead 21% for the year comprised of 16% organic growth, 2% from acquisitions and 3% from ASC 606.
In the fourth quarter, Aero's margins hit a record 13.8%, besting last year's fourth quarter by more than 150 basis points.
In the quarter, while we still experienced pressure from higher input costs, we benefited from a favorable equipment mix with more [higher-margin] equipment shipments.
We also leveraged our volume and created and captured greater-than-expected benefits from restructuring.
For the year, FoodTech and AeroTech orders were ahead 10% and 24%, respectively.
In the fourth quarter, we posted year-over-year gains of 20% in FoodTech and 12% in AeroTech.
As for free cash flow, we meaningfully exceeded our guidance.
Excluding pension contributions, we generated $137 million in free cash flow for the year, which represented a conversion rate of 133%.
We did a great job of getting orders shipped (technical difficulty) so we can convert to cash in the period.
Our folks also did a great job managing inventory upping AR and improving the accounts payable processes.
At FoodTech-specific, we had a high level of advanced payments in connection with robust orders in the period.
Overall, our ability to generate cash was bolstered by our restructuring program, which goes beyond the P&L and enhances how we manage processes such as payables and receivables.
Strong cash flow had a nice impact on our ending debt position.
We exited the year with debt, net of cash, of $345 million, representing a bank leverage ratio of about 1.6x.
Regarding restructuring, we recorded an expense of $47 million in 2018.
We are well on track capturing savings of about $7 million in 2018, including approximately $5 million in the fourth quarter.
In the process, we determined there are additional opportunities to enhance operating efficiencies.
As you saw in the earnings release, we plan to take an additional restructuring charge of $10 million to $15 million in 2019.
Those charges will be front-end loaded.
With the total spend now of approximately $60 million, we now expect program to capture total benefits of about $55 million versus our prior estimate of $45 million.
That is comprised of the $7 million we realized in 2018 and incremental $20 million in 2019 and the remaining $28 million in 2020.
With all that, we reported diluted earnings per share from continuing operations of $3.24 in 2018 compared with $2.58 in 2017.
On an adjusted basis, excluding restructuring expense and the onetime charge associated with the 2017 tax act, diluted earnings per share was $4.28 versus $3.10 a year ago.
In addition, 2018 earnings included the benefit of $28 million of operating income or $0.64 per share from the transition to ASC 606.
This predominantly represents the rerecording of revenue previously recorded in 2017 as required by the accounting rules governing the transition to 606.
EBITDA was $201 million in 2018.
Adjusted for restructuring charges, it was $248 million, which includes the $28 million benefit from the transition to ASC 606.
This compares to adjusted EBITDA of $199 million in 2017.
(technical difficulty) 2018.
We look at EBITDA and EPS, excluding both charges and ASC 606.
We have provided a detailed schedule in the earnings release designed to help investors better understand 2018 results will serve as a basis for comparison in 2019.
Looking ahead to 2019, while we ended 2018 with strong orders in backlog and enjoyed strength in our markets, we believe the lengthening of order cycles and trends we've seen in CPG in Asia may pressure FoodTech orders in the first half of the year.
This is reflected in our guidance for the year.
For full year 2019, we forecast revenue growth to include 4% organic, 2% to 3% from completed acquisitions, less about 1% from foreign exchange.
The majority of acquisition-related revenue is from the recently announced purchase of LEKTRO.
Due to the $127 million of ASC 606 previously recognized revenue included in 2018, GAAP revenue is forecasted to be about flat year-over-year.
We project segment operating margins of 13% to 13.5%.
That breaks down into 13.25% to 14% for FoodTech and about 12.5% to 13% for AeroTech.
For 2019, we expect corporate expense of about 2.6% of revenue.
Interest and other nonoperating expense is forecasted to be about $17 million.
As it relates to taxes, in 2018, the effective tax rate of 19% represented 25% rate, that's approximately $7 million in discrete tax benefits associated with stock compensation accounting as well as final tax act adjustments.
In 2019, we see a tax rate of 25.6%, including about $1 million of discrete tax benefits associated with stock comp.
We anticipate diluted earnings per share from continuing operations in the range of $3.90 to $4.10 in 2019.
That translates to $4.20 to $4.40 on an adjusted basis, excluding restructuring charges.
We project adjusted EBITDA of $250 million to $270 million and about $60 million of depreciation and amortization expense.
We expect CapEx of about $40 million to $50 million and a free cash flow conversion rate, excluding pension contributions, of about 90%.
For the first quarter of 2019, JBT anticipates meaningful improvement versus prior year, with revenue of $375 million to $395 million represent 4% to 5% organic growth around the midpoint of the range.
Reported revenue of $409 million in the first quarter of 2018 included $50 million benefit from ASC 606.
We expect diluted earnings per share from continuing operations of $0.30 to $0.34 or an adjusted $0.44 to $0.48.
Reported earnings per share (technical difficulty) in the year-ago first quarter included restructuring charge of $0.29 and a $0.30 benefit from ASC 606.
All told, we are pleased how we exited 2018 and look forward to continued progress in 2019.
With that, I'll turn the call back to Tom.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Thanks, Brian.
Let's start with our markets.
With respect to AeroTech, both our fixed and mobile businesses continued to enjoy strong market conditions.
For fixed, airport infrastructure investments remained positive based on facility upgrades, driven by continued passenger mile growth.
Mobile is benefiting from increased air cargo activity, driven by e-commerce and a solid replacement cycle for aging equipment.
For FoodTech, protein customer activity for 2018 was robust in the U.S. and Europe with signs of early improvement in South America.
Asia continues to lag expectations due to trade and geopolitical issues, delaying equipment orders.
Encouragingly, preorder project activity in Asia continued to improve.
Liquid foods customer orders improved overall in the fourth quarter across all geographies.
But as mentioned last quarter, we are experiencing order delays from traditional customers whose products typically reside in the center of the grocery store.
While we expect this trend to continue into 2019, JBT has been actively investing resources towards the faster-growing categories you see around the perimeter of the grocery store.
This investment is reflected in acquisitions like Avure and FTNON that sell to the fresh produce juice and ready-to-eat categories.
We're also focusing JBT's internal selling and product development activity to better target these same categories and customers.
Across FoodTech, we are experiencing strong interest from our customers in automation that removes labor, clean labels and other forms of high-quality food, ready meals and convenience all leading to meaningful project activity and investment.
In addition, iOPS, our Internet of Things platform, starting from a very small base, is an area of future value creation for our customers and JBT as we move forward.
Last, our aftermarket performed well in 2018, and we continue to see opportunities to grow this business faster than the markets overall.
Let me close with a discussion of our M&A program.
In 2018, we made 2 strategic additions to our FoodTech business with Schröder and FTNON.
In February this year, we completed the acquisition of LEKTRO, which gives us a competitive advantage in the rapidly growing market for emission-free ground support equipment.
As we end 2018, JBT has matured our M&A pipeline, including many proprietary opportunities.
While proprietary transactions require significant relationship-building and take time to develop, we believe they better position JBT to complete acquisitions that fit both our strategic and financial goals while enhancing value creation for our customers.
With that, we'll open the call to your questions.
Operator?
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your first question comes from the line of Allison Poliniak with Wells Fargo.
Allison Ann Marie Poliniak-Cusic - Director & Senior Equity Analyst
I think (technical difficulty) the mix on FoodTech margin.
Is there any way to, I think, quantify the impact there?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Well, I would tell you, Allison, if you look at the margins in the quarter of 16% for FoodTech, I'd say about 2/3 of that impact was from the restructuring and really the remainder is from the mix benefits.
Allison Ann Marie Poliniak-Cusic - Director & Senior Equity Analyst
Great, that's helpful.
And then on the core outlook for the year, is there any way to -- I might have missed it, but the FoodTech versus AeroTech, any color on either growth opportunities for them in '19 relative to your core expectations?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Allison, as I look at it, certainly, just a little clarity in terms of the trade and macroeconomic situations and the geopolitical situation would certainly help us because we see that impacting Asia, as we've talked about, and that would certainly be a tailwind beyond where we're at today.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Larry De Maria with William Blair.
Lawrence Tighe De Maria - Co-Group Head of Global Industrial Infrastructure
Just to start off, the 4% seems -- given the constraints in the market, I get it, but also seems a little bit conservative.
Can you maybe dissect that from a price and volume perspective?
I would think price gets you probably halfway there.
And then also just food versus aero in terms of the organic outlook into 2019.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
As I look at it, we certainly ended the year on a strong note.
If you look at the way the orders and backlog came together, and I think as you sit here at the beginning of the year and you're looking across all of 2019, I think we're just trying to be appropriately balanced in our view of the year.
And certainly, we'll continue to refine that as we go through the year.
I talk about the way we're strategically positioning the business and investments we're making to do that.
I have every confidence that we're putting JBT in front of these important trends that are happening in the food industry.
And over the mid- to long-term part of our cycle, we do believe the markets grow faster than the rates we've identified in our framework, and it's just about a little bit of uncertainty of this year, in general, in the markets.
And if we get some of this sorted out and there's clarity, we'll certainly refine that going forward and have every hope to be able to position ourselves to see that improve through the year.
But given where we're at, at this point in the journey, we think it's appropriate, our framework for the year.
Lawrence Tighe De Maria - Co-Group Head of Global Industrial Infrastructure
Okay.
And maybe asked different way, what would you think about for a net price expectation for 2019?
And then my second question would be, given the strength and bounce-back of orders we saw in the 4Q, can you just talk about how it progressed as a quarter and if it got better as the quarter went on?
And you talked about labor constraints.
Was that a major -- is that currently a major factor in orders that folks are placing right now?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Larry, as it relates to pricing, we're always cautious, I mean, in terms of the way we communicate as a company.
We need to be appropriately cautious about that.
I would tell you that the orders were strong throughout the fourth quarter, and there wasn't any real trend that you would read into the timing of the way the orders came in.
And as I look at it, I was encouraged to see the strength of the orders and, in particular, the backlog as we start the year.
And certainly from our perspective, that gives us a good start in 2019.
If you look into the first quarter, as we look at it, it's going to be a strong performance with good organic growth and a return to operating margins that we'd like to see even though we do have kind of historically low volumes in the first quarter.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your next question comes from the line of George Godfrey with CL King.
George James Godfrey - Senior VP & Senior Research Analyst
You may have said this, Brian, but I -- the line's kind of broke up.
What was the organic growth rate for food and tech and aero in the quarter?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
In the fourth quarter?
George James Godfrey - Senior VP & Senior Research Analyst
Organic revenue growth in food (inaudible) AeroTech for fourth quarter.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Yes.
So I don't think I specifically gave it, but I can tell you on AeroTech, it was quite strong, and in FoodTech, it was down organically year-over-year by about 5%.
George James Godfrey - Senior VP & Senior Research Analyst
Got it, okay.
And then looking ahead to next year, you mentioned there was some weakness in Asian orders.
Is there a capacity pressure on the customers that they can only delay these orders for so long where their customer demands and processing requirements are going to force them to come to you and start placing orders?
Or can they work with the processing they have to delay this through all of '19?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
George, that's a little bit tough to call.
But I would tell you, if you look in the long term, we absolutely believe that the trends are very positive in Asia.
If you look at the consumption of proteins based on rising incomes in Asia driving that, so that's a real positive.
And what we believe is playing out here is really the geopolitical and trade situation causing a drop -- disruption in some of the ordinary flows between the countries and the way they trade, and that affects the way the proteins move back and forth.
So the customers are just being more caution.
But I would say as we start to see that return to more relative stability, our expectation is in the mid -- even in the mid-term, that, that will improve.
And whether that happens in 6 months, 12 months or 18 months, I really can't predict that.
But I know the right thing for JBT is for us to be very active and involved in that market.
We see a lot of encouraging, as I mentioned in my commentary.
Project activity, which is the first indicator of customers' planned investment, which is at the front end of that.
So certainly, they see an opportunity as they -- our customers do as they think a little bit through this, and we would expect that to return to more normal trends as we work our way through the year, assuming some of this trade stuff and just in general the economic -- macroeconomics that are resulting from the trade return to normal.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Mig Dobre with RW Baird.
Mircea Dobre - Senior Research Analyst
A few folks before me tried to get at this.
Can you provide some clarification as to how you're thinking about food versus aero in terms of organic growth relative to your combined guidance?
I'm not clear at all on that.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Sure, Mig.
So at this point, we're suggesting that the guidance is similar for both food and aero at the 4%-ish range before the impact of FX of about 1%.
I will say the FX impact is going to be little bit stronger in the first half than the back half.
But overall, as we sit here today, we're suggesting similar growth.
Mircea Dobre - Senior Research Analyst
Okay.
And then maybe I missed this, but I'm not entirely clear as to the fourth quarter FoodTech orders, how those progressed and how you ended up with a quarter that you've had?
Because if I'm looking at your commentary, I interpret it as being still relatively cautious.
You talk about trade disruption, so on and so forth.
That certainly has been the case in the fourth quarter.
And on the third quarter call, we were talking about headwinds lasting into the fourth quarter related to trade and related to macro uncertainty and so on.
So something happened in terms of orders in the fourth quarter that I think surprised you positively.
I'm trying to understand exactly what that was, and I'm also trying to understand why that would not carry through into 2019.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Yes, Mig, as we always talk about on the calls, there is some lumpiness to our order activity.
And I think if you just kind of step back and look through the year, the full year results were consistent with -- and supportive of certainly the organic growth we're indicating for 2019.
And some quarters, we just happened to see a little bit of a higher closure rate than we do from quarter-to-quarter.
So although we were encouraged by the orders we're able to realize and they position us well for next year, we always caution, as it relates to orders or timing of our shipments, there is a bit of lumpiness in there, and it's difficult for us to predict perfectly.
But as I see is we're positioned solidly as we head into 2019.
We've got a nice backlog.
And our focus is on delivering the growth and equally importantly, the margin expansion, which puts us right solidly in that framework as we've communicated, which for me is a meaningful achievement for JBT.
Mircea Dobre - Senior Research Analyst
Right, that's helpful.
And now to talk a little bit about margin as a good segue, when I'm looking at your implied incremental margins, excluding ASC 606 in FoodTech, the incrementals here are pretty high.
By my math, it's something north of maybe 16%.
But I recognize that there are a few elements at play here in terms of costs you had and maybe things that don't carry over.
Maybe you can quantify those.
And then how some of these savings accrue at that level, the $20 million, that'd be helpful.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Right.
As it relates to the savings overall, the $20 million, it is fairly evenly split based on the revenue contributions of those businesses, maybe slightly more towards FoodTech but not much.
As it relates to kind of the margin progression for next year, the way we generally think about is we did note that last year, we had some things go wrong in the first quarter and a couple of things go wrong in the third quarter from a supply chain perspective.
Now all those don't go away completely next year, but overall, we're kind of thinking about $10 million of bad news going away, if you will.
So you've got $10 million or so of the costs going away.
You've got the $20 million of restructuring benefits.
And then from there, you got your contribution margin from the growth.
And then we have a fair amount of strength in investments for things like iOPS and other growth activities, which offsets some of those growth numbers in the margins.
Mircea Dobre - Senior Research Analyst
I see.
And then when we're thinking about the $20 million ramp for the year like front half versus back half.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
It will be a fairly continuous ramp as you go through the year, fairly even.
So as a result of that, you will see margins progressively improve throughout the year as will revenue for that matter.
Generally speaking, we'll see each successive quarter be a little bit better from a revenue perspective.
Mircea Dobre - Senior Research Analyst
I'm sorry, are you talking year-over-year or sequentially?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Sequentially.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Obin with Bank of America.
Andrew Burris Obin - MD
Just a question.
If there were any sort of reversal of any accruals related to compensation in Q4, just want to confirm that.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
In Q4, within our corporate expense, you'll see that the corporate numbers were fairly low, came in a little bit better than expected.
That it was because -- the primary reason was the variable compensation associated with where we shook out for the year.
Andrew Burris Obin - MD
And how much was that?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
It was a couple million dollars.
Andrew Burris Obin - MD
Okay.
And then the second question just regarding cash flow.
Very strong cash in the quarter.
You did highlight advanced payments in fourth quarter.
So looking into the next year, a, are we going to see reversals in the first half of the year?
And second, what should we be thinking about free cash flow generation for the year?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Right.
Generally, for the year, we're thinking it's about 90%, which effectively represents about 100%.
But in 2018, we had $47 million of restructuring expense but only spent from a cash perspective about $32 million.
So you effectively had a $15 million headwind and so that's what brings you from that 100%-ish range to about 90%.
Obviously, there was a tailwind in 2018.
In terms of -- I'm sorry, what was the first part of the question?
It was...
Andrew Burris Obin - MD
Yes, the timing because there was a lot of advanced payments.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Yes, generally speaking, when you think about JBT and our growth as it improves throughout the year, you will invest -- every quarter sequentially, you will start to invest more in your working capital and then be very -- and you'll deplete that working capital in the fourth quarter.
So generally, I expect the first half to be lower, if potentially negative, in the first half and then a strong cash flow in the back half, getting to your 100% before the impact of the restructuring cashouts.
Andrew Burris Obin - MD
But effectively, other than seasonality pattern, you expect your cash next year to be fairly normal relative to your goals?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Yes, sir.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jason Rodgers with Great Lakes Review.
Jason Andrew Rodgers - VP
Looking at your guidance for organic growth for the year on AeroTech segment, you had a very strong year obviously last year, quite a bit slower from what you put up in 2018.
So just wondering about that AeroTech organic growth guidance, why you see it slowing for the year.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
It's really in 2 parts.
The first one we had mentioned in an earlier call that we did have some mobile equipment that we had some outsized orders in that we didn't expect to repeat this year, so we had already mentioned that.
And then you just start to think of the size of the growth we had in 2018 and then lapping that.
You put the 2 years together, it's just a really solid organic growth story.
So from my perspective, that's how we arrived at the number.
I would tell you that if you look at our backlog and the strength of that backlog, it's -- in AeroTech, it's not just about 2019 but a nice size of that's booked out into 2020.
So there's just some nice stability that as we look forward in aero that extends beyond '19 also.
Jason Andrew Rodgers - VP
Okay.
And then for the 2019 forecast (technical difficulty) tariffs and raw material costs?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
I'm sorry, you broke up on your call.
Could you repeat your question, please?
Jason Andrew Rodgers - VP
Sure.
Just wondering your expectations for tariffs and raw material costs that you have embedded in your 2019 forecast?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Sure.
AeroTech, we do show some impact in the first quarter.
As a result of that, the margins will be fairly similar to the first quarter of last year despite some growth.
We do see that starting to go away to more normalcy by Q2 or there'll be some minor impact in Q2, and then the back half will be, I'll say, clear in terms of being able to price for where we stand on tariffs.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Right.
And I would just say our expectations in general, were just continuation of what we saw in '18.
So if there was improvement, that would be a benefit in some way, shape or form.
And if for some reason, the trade situation got more onerous, that would be more of a headwind in terms of the impact on the financials.
Jason Andrew Rodgers - VP
And then debt currently is under your target range.
Wonder if you could talk about the M&A pipeline and what you expect the amount of deals to be roughly the same as it was last year as well as share repurchase which is (technical difficulty) stepped up a bit.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Yes, so it's a 2-part answer here.
On the M&A pipeline.
As you know, M&A is always episodic, but I did want to communicate and was pleased with the progress of work we made in the back half of the year, the strength of the opportunities we're engaged in and our ability to translate those into M&A in '19.
But as always, it takes a willing seller and the economics that makes sense.
But from our perspective, we've got some great strategic opportunities we're working on in our M&A pipeline.
They are maturing.
So all the arrows are pointing in the right indication.
As you mentioned, our balance sheet is in good spot.
I'm pleased that we're able to strengthen that and that gives us capacity as we head into '19 to do some value-creating M&A and continue to build our strategy around the food in particular.
And as it relates to the share repurchases, I mean, obviously, our intent there is to offset dilution from management shares, and we work towards that.
But we're also a bit disciplined, so when we see an opportunity when the stock price makes sense to catch up on that, we try to take advantage of that.
Jason Andrew Rodgers - VP
Would you mind repeating what the tax rate expectation for 2019 was?
My line got broke up.
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
Sure.
For 2019, we expect about a 25% to 26% rate all-in, which includes about $1 million discrete benefit in 2018.
We had about $7 million of discrete benefits, and that's largely around the stock comp accounting.
And when stock vests relative to the stock price at the time versus the strike price, so that's why there's a big difference in the discretes next year.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of John Joyner with BMO.
John Phillip Joyner - Senior Associate
So just a quick question on the AeroTech business.
I know you've discussed this many times before.
But at what point in terms of sales or other financial metrics does that business need to get to, to really start thinking about it as a stand-alone entity?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Well, certainly for JBT, we think AeroTech is doing a great job.
We continue to invest in the business.
And from our perspective, we look through -- that through the lens of shareholder value creation, and we certainly review those decisions and when the timing and what that looks like makes sense.
But from our perspective, we're certainly supportive of the business.
We were pleased to make the LEKTRO acquisition this year, that really positions it, as we mentioned, for the emissions-free ground support equipment.
And we're very much focused on maximizing the value that AeroTech can generate for JBT shareholders.
John Phillip Joyner - Senior Associate
Okay.
And just last -- and maybe you answered this already.
But the comment on FoodTech orders possibly being pressured in the first half of 2019.
So how does that square, I guess, with the overall expected ramp beyond 1Q and into the back half other than maybe slightly easier comparisons?
Brian A. Deck - Executive VP & CFO
So generally, I would tell you that's just how our years typically work with our customers.
I would say it's more than normal seasonal pattern than any particular extra growth in the back half.
But we do see a 4%-ish or so, we think that's an appropriate balanced look into next year.
And then the ramp is really reflective of the seasonal activity more than anything.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of George Godfrey with CL King.
George James Godfrey - Senior VP & Senior Research Analyst
Tom, I just wanted to ask one more question on the M&A activity.
Is there a particular area or geography or region or catalyst that you look for to decide which of the M&A opportunities in the pipeline you go after?
Or is it simply price or the seller's willingness to negotiate?
What would you say is the one thing that really pushes you to choose which M&A deal you pursue?
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Yes, thank you for asking that, George.
It's a very thoughtful process at JBT.
I talk about the long-term macroeconomic tailwinds.
We're trying to position JBT in front of, as we talked about, increasing protein demand, the need for automation, clean labels, positioning our business around that.
So you should expect and understand that the opportunities that we're pursuing are very much in line with those thematics.
And it's a very disciplined approach where we understand the players out there, many of the ones we're working with today and how they fit into that picture.
So that as JBT pivots and as we invest in our portfolio, we're not trying to invest in the technologies that might have been appropriate 10 years ago but the ones that we think have upside as we go forward.
And the benefit and leverage that joining JBT is really in a couple of parts, George.
We see a food industry.
Our customers are going -- primarily from being regional players to global players.
And the equipment and the service of the equipment historically has been also a very regional base of players.
JBT is one of the few companies that have this true global operating footprint, which is important for equipment sale, right?
I mean, you would want -- obviously, if you're a large multinational food company, ideally, you would want the same equipment and processes installed in all your plants across the geography, which JBT can certainly do.
But I would argue more importantly, JBT can service that equipment, right?
You make this large installation.
You want that to run every day, day in and day out reliably and if you're using a -- let's say, you're in Latin America but you're using a supplier from Europe, getting service can be quite difficult for some of our competitors.
And when we have JBT being able to have those people in region, hopefully just a couple hours away but usually no more than that, that's very valuable.
So by bringing these technologies that are tend to be in regional companies and putting them in our global platform creates value for JBT's customers and equally creates a lot of value for JBT's shareholders because we can grow faster and we can provide that sales and service around the world.
And the second part is it's a very thoughtful and strategic process in terms of buying the technologies that position JBT for the future and put us in front of those macroeconomic tailwinds like we talked about at technology day.
Operator
There are no further questions in queue at this time.
I will now turn the conference back over to Tom Giacomini.
Thomas W. Giacomini - Chairman of the Board, CEO & President
Thank you again for joining us this morning.
I would also like to thank the JBT team for the strong finish to 2018.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call.
You may now disconnect.