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Operator
Good day ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Insteel Industries' second-quarter 2013 conference call.
At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session and instructions will be given at that time. (Operator Instructions). As a reminder, this conference call may be recorded.
I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. H. Woltz. Sir, you may begin.
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
Good morning. Thank you for your interest in Insteel and welcome to our second-quarter 2013 conference call, which will be conducted by Mike Gazmarian, our Vice President, CFO and Treasurer, and me.
Before we begin, let me remind you that some of the comments made on today's call are considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risk factors are described in our periodic filings with the SEC. All forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and information that is currently available. We disclaim any obligation to update these statements in the future to reflect the occurrence of anticipated events, unanticipated events, or new information.
I'll now turn the call over to Mike to review our second-quarter financial results and macro indicators for our construction end markets. Then I will follow-up and comment on market conditions and our business outlook.
Mike Gazmarian - VP, CFO, Treasurer
Thank you. As we reported earlier this morning, Insteel posted improved results for the second quarter ended March 30 with net earnings rising to $3.7 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, from $0.3 million or $0.01 a share last year. Through the first half of fiscal 2013, which is typically the seasonally weakest period of the year, net earnings were $0.34 per share, the highest level in five years prior to the downturn in our construction end markets. Our improved results for the quarter were largely driven by widening spreads between selling prices and raw material costs relative to the depressed levels of a year ago.
Net sales for the second quarter fell 4.8% from the prior year on a 1.5% decrease in shipments (technical difficulty) and a 3.4% reduction in average selling prices. On a sequential basis, net sales decreased 3.5% from Q1 due to a 3.7% reduction in shipments. The year-over-year and sequential reduction in shipments were largely driven by the adverse weather conditions we experienced in most of our markets during the quarter, ranging from harsh winter weather in the North to excessive rainfall in the South. Our average selling prices for the second quarter rose slightly from Q1 by 0.2%, marking the second straight quarter they have remained relatively stable following four consecutive quarterly decreases.
Gross profit for the second quarter more than doubled to $11.1 million from $5.5 million a year ago with gross margins rising to 13.3% of net sales from 6.3%, primarily due to the improvement in spreads.
SG&A expense rose $0.3 million from the prior year, largely due to higher incentive compensation driven by our improved results which is partially offset by lower bad debt expense.
Our effective income tax rate for the second quarter was unchanged from the prior year at 36.4%.
Moving to the cash flow statement and balance sheet, operating activities provided $2.4 million of cash for the second quarter, compared with $12.3 million in the same period a year ago, primarily due to the relative year-over-year changes in net working capital which used $5.2 million of cash in the current year while providing $8.6 million in the prior year.
Accounts Receivable fell $1.7 million during the quarter due to the sequential decrease in sales and improved days sales outstanding. Inventories rose $10 million from Q1 on a 16.9% increase in units and a 0.7% increase in average unit values. And accounts Payable and accrued expenses rose $3.6 million, largely due to higher raw material purchases in the current quarter.
Our inventory position at the end of the quarter represented just under three months of shipments on a forward-looking basis calculated off of forecasted Q3 shipments and reflected lower average unit costs than our second-quarter cost of sales which should favorably impact third-quarter margins.
Capital expenditures for the first half of the year totaled $3.7 million and are not expected to exceed $12 million for the year.
We ended the quarter with $7.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, up $3.1 million from the previous quarter and no borrowings outstanding on our $100 million revolving credit facility.
As we look ahead to the second half of fiscal 2013, the most recent macro data for our construction end markets reflects continued improvement. Housing starts for March rose slightly above 1 million units on an annualized basis for the first time in almost four years. We expect private nonresidential construction, our primary demand driver, will benefit from the ongoing recovery in the housing market following the usual historical pattern.
In February, the Architectural Billings Index, a leading indicator for nonresidential construction activity, rose to 54.9, its highest level since November 2007. The ABI has now remained in positive territory for seven straight months, which implies increased nonres construction spending during the second half of the year based on the historical correlation between architectural design activity and nonresidential construction.
We believe the increased TIFIA funding that was provided for in the MAP 21 federal highway authorization should begin to have a more pronounced impact on infrastructure spending during the second half of calendar 2013 and over the next few years.
We are also encouraged by the growing number of states that have enacted or are considering tax and fee adjustments, including increases in sales and fuel taxes and vehicle registration fees, to fund their transportation requirements, which should benefit our infrastructure related business.
I will now turn the call back over to H.
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
Thank you Mike. As reflected in our release and in Mike's comments, shipment momentum decelerated during the second quarter relative to the favorable trends we experienced during the first quarter. We believe that weather conditions played a significant role in reducing the consumption of our products during Q2 as a variety of adverse weather patterns played out over much of the country.
Contrary to the recent reports from some of the hot-rolled steel producers and the broader manufacturing sector, we do not perceive there to be an overall weakening in the underlying demand for our products over the last few months.
While there is little objective data available for purposes of forecasting demand, anecdotally, our customers are generally more optimistic about their business prospects for 2013 than at any time since the beginning of the construction downturn.
Continuing the trend that began last quarter, spreads between raw material costs and selling values widened somewhat from the depressed level of last year. While our markets will continue to be highly competitive, we are seeing preliminary signs of a more pronounced seasonal upturn in demand that should have a stabilizing influence on pricing and drive increased operating levels for Q3 and Q4.
Our performance for the first half of fiscal 2013 and our outlook for the balance of the year affirm our belief that we will experience a modest increase in shipments for 2013 and that more robust growth and demand for our products is contingent on a broader-based economic recovery that spurs more meaningful improvements in job creation and construction activity.
Our ESM expansion projects have proceeded on schedule. The new production line that was commissioned at the Texas plant will begin ramping up on a third shift during April. Our people did an excellent job installing and commissioning this line, which has been well received by the market as evidenced by its pending ramp-up to around-the-clock operations. We are on track to achieve our previously articulated objectives of reducing lead times, improving quality, and lowering our operating costs, and we expect the investment to contribute to earnings during fiscal 2013.
The new production line for specialty ESM products that is scheduled for installation at the North Carolina facility should be commissioned late in the current quarter. Taken together, we expect the two production lines will generate incremental revenues in the range of $15 million to $20 million annually when fully operational.
Turning to our raw material markets, the increase in steel scrap prices during our second quarter has generally been reflected in domestic wire rod prices. Current conditions in the scrap market, however, indicate that the supply of scrap is outpacing demand and accordingly, forecasts are calling for moderating prices which we would expect to be reflected in wire rod prices over time. Despite the ongoing volatility in steel scrap and wire rod prices, we do not presently perceive rising raw material costs to represent a significant risk to our margins during the balance of fiscal 2013.
To summarize, as we move into the second half of the year, we are encouraged by the continuing recovery and the macro indicators that drive demand for our products and which point to a healthier market environment. We are also confident that Insteel is well-positioned to capitalize on any market recovery following the reconfiguration of our manufacturing operations that took place after the Ivy transaction and the strategic expansion initiatives that have and will come online during fiscal 2013. With that said, we continue to expect any recovery to be gradual and protracted in view of the absence of underlying fundamentals that suggest we are on the precipice of robust growth in the overall economy. Consistent with prior periods, we plan to focus -- to continue focusing on reducing costs in our manufacturing operations and identifying additional opportunities to broaden our product offering and grow through acquisition.
This concludes our prepared remarks, and we will now take your questions. Would you please explain the procedure for asking questions?
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Robert Kelly, Sidoti.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
Good morning guys. If I heard you right, shipments up sequentially better than the seasonal cyclical upturns. Should we expect volume growth year-over-year in second half '13 over second half '12?
Mike Gazmarian - VP, CFO, Treasurer
Yes, I would say, just based on the macro factors and what we are seeing in our markets, that would be a reasonable assumption.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
That's encouraging. Then as far as the raw material position, your expectations for pretty stable raw materials for the balance of F '13, should we expect sequential spread expansion from what you did in 2Q?
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
Right now, our feeling is raw material costs are not going to run away on us, certainly. And in terms of margins and spreads, I think Mike's comment was that, as we look forward, if selling prices were to remain the same, the inventory valuations are favorable relative to the second quarter.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
Okay. That sounds like spread expansion. What sort of lag would you expect from the TIFIA funding and the tax and fee adjustments that you referenced? Is that an immediate volume impact, or does that play out over a six to nine month period? How should we think about that improved funding level?
Mike Gazmarian - VP, CFO, Treasurer
On the TIFIA funding, most of the indications we have seen point to an upturn in the second half of calendar 2013 that would continue through 2014.
As far as the state funding increases, it's still pretty fluid at this point where different states are at varying points in evaluating and enacting changes, so I don't know that I could really put a time line on that, but we are encouraged that there is movement on the state level.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
Okay. Just as far as the comment that your customers are feeling better about the world, that seems to be what you implied. Is that the macro indicators, signs that the economy is getting better, or is that stemming from like a growing order book which is translating to higher volumes for Insteel? Can you kind of comment on why you --
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
I think both factors are at play. I think the encouraging macro drivers that you are seeing publicized on a daily and weekly basis certainly help, just help the outlook and attitude of our customers and us too for that matter. But I think also we are seeing cases -- it's spotty and it's regional, but we are seeing cases where we're actually having customers gear up and hiring people and operating more hours, so it is very spotty, but it's the first real encouraging sign of that sort of recovery that we've seen.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
Okay. One final one. It's just the second-quarter results are -- the margins we haven't seen for some time here and your sub-50% utilization volumes are still weaker than a year ago. What do you subscribe to the -- to explain why spreads why spreads are so good relative to the low point we are here as far as cyclical demand?
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
I think one factor at play is just the unrealistically low spreads that we were experiencing last year at this time and through a good part of 2012. And as you know, you've watched long enough to see that these things can change rapidly, but with some underlying favorable momentum in our markets, it would just seem that a lot of the more irresponsible pricing that we've seen over time would subside.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
I was just going to touch on the price discipline getting better. Is that prevalent in both the concrete reinforcement product as well as the PC strand side?
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
I don't think there's a big difference in what we are seeing across our markets. There's not a lot of variability there.
Robert Kelly - Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you guys.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Gentlemen, I am showing no further questions at this time.
H. Woltz - Chairman, President, CEO
Okay. Thank you, and thank you all who dialed in for your participation today, and feel free to call us to follow-up if you would like.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This concludes our program for today. You may all disconnect and have a wonderful day.