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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third-quarter 2013 Hess Corporation conference call. My name is Crystal and I will be your operator for today. (Operator Instructions).
I would now like to turn the conference over to your host today, Mr. Jay Wilson, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please proceed, sir.
Jay Wilson - VP, IR
Thank you, Crystal. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for participating in our third-quarter earnings conference call. Our earnings release was issued this morning and appears our website, www.hess.com. Today's conference call contains projections and other forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in such statements.
These risks include those set forth in the risk factors section of Hess's annual and quarterly reports filed with the SEC. Also on today's conference call, we may discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of the differences between these non-GAAP financial measures and the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the supplemental information provided on our website.
With me today are John Hess, Chief Executive Officer; Greg Hill, President and Chief Operating Officer; John Rielly, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
I'll now turn the call over to John Hess.
John Hess - CEO
Thank you, Jay, and welcome to our third-quarter conference call. I will make some high-level comments on the quarter and the progress we are making executing our strategy to become a pure play E&P company. Greg Hill will then discuss our E&P operations, and John Rielly will go over our financial results.
Net income for the third quarter of 2013 was $420 million, or $405 million on an adjusted basis. Adjusted earnings per share were $1.18 compared to $1.46 in the year ago quarter. Net production in the third quarter averaged 310,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, compared to 402,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in last year's third quarter.
Asset sales associated with our strategic portfolio reshaping accounted for 83,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day of the decline. The remainder was primarily related to unplanned downtime in Libya resulting from the civil unrest in that country, and heavier-than-normal seasonal maintenance in the Gulf of Mexico, partially offset by higher production from the Bakken and Valhall.
Our plan is on track to build a higher-growth and lower-risk E&P portfolio capable of delivering a five-year compound annual growth rate of 5% to 8% off of our pro forma 2012 production base. This growth is underpinned by the Bakken in North Dakota, the Valhall field in Norway, the North Malay Basin project in Malaysia, the Tubular Bells field in the Gulf of Mexico, and the Utica Shale in Ohio.
Net production from the Bakken averaged 71,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, up 14% from the third quarter a year ago. Our full-year 2013 production forecast for the Bakken remains 64,000 to 70,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. In the third quarter, we continued to reduce Bakken well costs, which declined to $7.8 million, down 18% from a year ago.
In Norway, production from the Valhall field ramped up strongly, following completion of a multi-year field redevelopment in the first quarter. Net production averaged 37,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in the third quarter, versus 7000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in the year-ago quarter.
In Malaysia, we recently achieved first gas at the Hess-operated North Malay Basin project. Net production is expected to reach 40 million cubic feet per day during the fourth quarter, and remain at this level through 2016. Full-field development is expected to increase net production to 165 million cubic feet per day by 2017.
In the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, the Hess-operated Tubular Bells development is on track to achieve first production in the third quarter of 2014 at a net rate of approximately 25,000 barrels per day. In Ohio, delineation of the wet gas window of the Utica Shale will continue through 2014. Initial well results have been encouraging, and we expected to commence development in 2015.
Integral to our transformation to a focused pure play E&P company is our divestiture program, where we continue to make significant progress. In July we announced the sale of our energy marketing business to Direct Energy for more than $1 billion. And earlier this month, we announced the sale of our terminals business to Buckeye Partners for $850 million. In addition to proceeds from the terminal sale, this transaction will free up approximately $900 million of working capital through inventory liquidation. We expect both transactions to close in the fourth quarter.
Year to date, we have announced or completed six of 10 planned divestitures, with sales proceeds and the release of working capital totaling $6.3 billion. The remaining divestitures are well underway for our upstream assets and Indonesia and Thailand, as well as our retail marketing and trading businesses.
Following the announcement of the sale of our energy marketing business at the end of July, we commenced our previously announced share repurchase program. Through October 29, we have repurchased 11.2 million shares for $882.7 million. Also, in September, our annual dividend increase by 150% to $1 per share.
In closing, we are pleased with the progress we have made in our transformation to become a pure play E&P company, and in the execution of our plan to reshape our portfolio. We are committed to continuing to review all options to optimize our portfolio, and allocate capital to generate the highest financial returns for our shareholders.
I will now turn the call over to Greg for an operational update.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Thanks, John. I would like to provide a brief review of the progress we are making in executing our EP strategy. Starting with unconventionals, in the third quarter net production from the Bakken averaged 71,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, which was up 14% from the third quarter of 2012. As we indicated previously, our Bakken production ramps up in the second half of the year as a result of the completion of our transition to pad drilling.
As previously disclosed, there will be planned downtime in the Bakken during the fourth quarter as we complete the expansion of the Tioga Gas Plant. This downtime is incorporated into our 2013 Bakken production guidance, which remains 64,000 to 70,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. In terms of individual Bakken well performance, we remain focused on driving superior financial returns, which is a function of well cost, productivity, and price realizations.
Drilling and completion costs in the third quarter averaged $7.8 million per well versus $8.4 million in the previous quarter. In addition, the productivity of our wells continues to be among the highest in industry. During the quarter, we brought 50 operated wells onto production, of which 30 were middle Bakken and 20 were Three Forks. For the full year, we expect to bring approximately 170 wells on production, with two-thirds targeting the middle Bakken and one-third targeting the Three Forks.
As a result of our continuing delineation of the Three Forks, both the productivity and aerial extent of the formation as increased above our previous estimates. In addition, the results of our infill pilot programs and reservoir modeling have led us to believe that both the middle Bakken and Three Forks can be further downspaced. We believe that it will be economically attractive to increase the well count in the majority of our Middle Bakken acreage, from five wells per 1280-acre drilling unit to seven.
Similarly, in those areas where the Three Forks is prospective, we believe the well count can be increased from four wells per 1280-acre drilling unit to six. Over the next 12 months, we plan to install 17 well pads in this new configuration to obtain additional data before making a final decision to move to this tighter spacing. As we make further progress in our planning and field testing, we will provide updated guidance for production, drilling locations, and resource potential.
Our Tioga rail facility ran at capacity in the third quarter, delivering an average of 54,000 barrels per day to higher-value markets. Our Tioga Gas Plant expansion project, which will increase wet gas input capacity from 120 million to 250 million cubic feet per day, is on schedule to begin commissioning at the end of 2013, enabling us to capture more liquids and value from our own gas and from third parties.
In summary, we're on track to deliver our 2013 production and capital guidance for the Bakken, and we are increasingly confident about the long-term upside potential.
Turning to the Utica, the appraisal of our acreage continues, and we are encouraged by well results to date. In 2013, Hess and CONSOL expect to drill 25 wells across both our 100% owned and joint venture acreage. In the third quarter we drilled seven wells; completed eight; and flow tested one well. On our 100% owned acreage, the Porterfield C 1H-17 well in Belmont County tested at a 24-hour rate of 3421 barrels of oil equivalent per day, including 21% liquids.
Regarding exploitation, progress continues at Valhall, North Malay Basin, and Tubular Bells. At the BP-operated Valhall field in Norway, in which Hess has a 64% interest, net production averaged 37,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in the third quarter. Full-year 2013 net production from Valhall is forecast by the operator to be in the range of 24,000 to 28,000 barrels of oil per day, which we believe will come in at the lower end of this range.
At North Malay Basin in the Gulf of Thailand, where Hess is a 50% working interest and is operator, we completed the initial five development wells ahead of schedule and achieved first gas on October 11 from the early production system. Net production is expected to reach 40 million cubic feet per day during the fourth quarter, and remain at this level through 2016. Full field development is expected to increase net production to 165 million cubic feet per day by 2017.
At our 57% owned and operated Tubular Bells development in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, our third production well was drilled during the quarter, and we are on track for field startup in the third quarter of 2014, delivering 25,000 net barrels of oil equivalent per day of high-margin Gulf of Mexico production. Of the three wells drilled to date, one came in as expected in terms of pay count, and the other two wells came in with substantially higher pay counts. As a result, we plan to now drill a fourth well to delineate the additional upside identified.
In terms of exploration, in the deepwater Tano/Cape Three Points in Ghana, where Hess has a 90% working interest and is operator, we have opened the data room and expect to receive bids from potential partners later in the fourth quarter. Our appraisal plans are currently awaiting final approval from the Ghanaian government. Following the approval of both the appraisal program and partnering arrangements by the Ghanaian government, we plan to issue guidance as to the resource potential on the block, as well as detail our appraisal program.
In Kurdistan, where Hess has a 64% working interest and is operator of the Shakrok and Dinarta Blocks, we spudded the first of two planned exploration wells in August, and anticipate spudding the second well in the fourth quarter.
In closing, our focus remains on executing our strategic plan to improve capital efficiency and deliver higher, sustainable financial returns to our shareholders.
I will now turn the call over to John Rielly.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Thanks, Greg. Hello, everyone. In my remarks today I will compare results from the third quarter of 2013 to the second quarter of 2013. The Corporation generated consolidated net income of $420 million in the third quarter of 2013, compared with $1.431 billion in the second quarter of 2013. Adjusted earnings, which exclude items affecting comparability of earnings between periods, were $405 million in the third quarter of 2013, and $520 million in the previous quarter.
Our third-quarter earnings were reduced by approximately $105 million, due to an under-lift of production and downtime in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, higher DD&A and deferred taxes in the quarter resulted from increased production from the Valhall field.
Turning to exploration and production, E&P had income of $455 million in the third quarter of 2013, and $1.533 billion in the second quarter. E&P adjusted earnings were $458 million in the third quarter of 2013, and $600 million in the previous quarter. Second-quarter income included a nontaxable gain of $951 million related to the sale of the Corporation's 90% interest in its Russian subsidiary, Samara-Nafta.
Third-quarter and second-quarter results included after-tax charges of $3 million and $18 million, respectively, for employee severance and exit costs. The changes in the after-tax components of adjusted earnings between the second and third quarter were as follows -- lower sales volumes decreased earnings by $177 million. Higher depreciation, depletion, and amortization decreased earnings by $16 million. Lower exploration expenses increased earnings by $22 million. Lower cash costs increased earnings by $17 million. Changes in realized selling prices increased earnings by $8 million. All other items net to an increase in earnings of $4 million, for an overall decrease in third-quarter adjusted earnings of $142 million.
Our E&P operations were under-lifted compared with production by approximately 1.2 million barrels of crude oil in the third quarter, resulting in decreased after-tax income of approximately $30 million. The downtime for extended seasonal maintenance at non-operated fields in the Gulf of Mexico lowered production by approximately 20,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, and reduced third-quarter income by approximately $75 million compared with the second quarter.
In addition, higher depreciation expense in the quarter reflected a greater production contribution from the Valhall field, which has a higher DD&A rate per barrel than the portfolio average, resulting from a combination of the recently completed field redevelopment project to install the new production platform, and prior acquisition costs. While the higher DD&A rate and the high Norwegian tax rate lowers Valhall's net income per barrel contribution to the portfolio, Valhall's cash margin per barrel is accretive to the portfolio average, as we expect cash taxes to be deferred for the next several years.
The cash margin per barrel of the portfolio was $54 per barrel in the third quarter versus $51 in the second quarter, primarily due to higher realized prices, increased Valhall production, and lower production from Libya. The E&P effective income tax rate, excluding items affecting comparability of earnings, was 45% for the third quarter and 44% in the second quarter of 2013. The cash tax rate was 16% in the third quarter and 23% in the second quarter. This improvement in the cash tax rate was also driven by the change in production in Valhall and Libya.
We are updating our guidance as a result of the shut-in production in Libya. Libya's contribution to net income and cash flow is not material. However, the reduction in production will have the effect of increasing our unit costs and decreasing our tax rate. Our updated production guidance assumes no further contribution from Libya for the remainder of 2013 due to current civil unrest in the country. In addition, maintenance at the Auger platform kept the Llano field shut in during the month of October.
As a result, we expect fourth-quarter 2013 production to be approximately 320,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day; and, therefore, our full-year 2013 E&P production is expected to be at the lower end of the guidance range of 340,000 to 355,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
In addition, due to the absence of low unit cost barrels from Libya, fourth quarter 2013 cash costs and DD&A expense are each expected to be in the range of $24 to $25 per barrel. And our full-year guidance for total unit cost is being increased to $44 to $45 per barrel from our earlier guidance of $40 to $42 per barrel of oil equivalent.
The increase in unit cost per barrel is expected to be largely offset by a reduction in the effective tax rate due to the loss of Libya's high tax production. The E&P fourth-quarter 2013 effective tax rate is expected to be in the range of 39% to 41%, and our full-year guidance is being reduced to 42% to 44% from the earlier guidance of 46% to 50%.
Absent the impact of changes in commodity prices, our cash margin on a per-barrel basis is expected to increase in the fourth quarter, with the return of high-margin production in the Gulf of Mexico, and the absence of our Libyan production, which has cash margins well below the E&P portfolio average.
Turning to our supplemental information, we have posted a supplemental earnings presentation on our website, which has been updated this quarter to include new operational data for our Utica Shale operations in Ohio. We have added 2013 rig and well counts; details on average net revenue interest percentages; acreage positions; and well test results. All data has been split between our joint venture and 100% owned interests. In addition, pro forma E&P results now include both current and deferred taxes.
Turning to corporate. Corporate expenses after income taxes were $35 million in the third quarter of 2013, and $50 million in the second quarter. Second-quarter corporate expenses include proxy solicitation costs for the annual shareholders' meeting, and higher professional fees. After-tax interest expense was $54 million in the third quarter of 2013, and $63 million in the second quarter, due to higher capitalized interest and lower average outstanding borrowings.
Turning to discontinued operations. Earnings from the downstream businesses were $54 million in the third quarter of 2013, compared with $11 million in the second quarter. Third-quarter results included net after-tax income of $23 million from items affecting comparability of earnings between periods, compared with after-tax charges of $21 million in the second quarter.
Turning to our capital return to shareholders. During the third quarter of 2013, the Corporation increased its quarterly dividend 150%, to $0.25 per share; and purchased approximately 6,530,000 common shares at an average price of $76.60, for a total cost of approximately $500 million.
Turning to cash flow. Net cash provided by operating activities in the third quarter, including a decrease of $143 million from changes in working capital, was $1.254 billion. Capital expenditures were $1.431 billion. Common stock acquired and retired was $500 million. Net borrowings were $372 million. Common stock dividends paid were $85 million. All other items amounted to a decrease in cash of $14 million, resulting in a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents in the third quarter of $404 million.
We had $321 million of cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2013, and $642 million at December 31, 2012. Total debt was $6.209 billion at September 30, 2013, compared with $8.111 billion at December 31, 2012. And the Corporation's debt to capitalization ratio was 20.7% at September 30, 2013, compared with 27.7% at the end of 2012.
This concludes my remarks. We will be happy to answer any questions. I will now turn the call back to the operator.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Ed Westlake, Credit Suisse.
Ed Westlake - Analyst
Yes, good morning, everyone, and thanks for shouting out the under-lift in the press release; and also for the extra information on the Bakken and the Utica at the back. It's very helpful. A quick question just on the retail, I guess if you are going to spin that out, you are going to, I guess, get a Private Letter Ruling from the IRS. Can you give us any update on where you are in terms of the mechanics of the retail?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Well, first, we're doing a parallel process. So we're going to go down the process of looking at a potential public market option, like you had mentioned, as well as go through an M&A process. So we're going to go through both of that, and we're going to maximize value to shareholders.
As far as the Private Letter Ruling, and what we're doing for filing with the SEC, we are kind of on track. Everything is moving along according to schedule. And we anticipate getting that, and get some further information out later this quarter and then into early 2014.
Ed Westlake - Analyst
Okay, very clear and very helpful. Just coming to the Bakken, maybe Greg, thanks for giving us the initial thoughts on downspacing. Maybe any color on whether you can go beyond that. Obviously some of the other companies are hoping to downspace much further. That would be helpful.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes, so, just in terms of downspacing, our base design has been nine wells per 1280-acre DSE. So that's five wells in the Middle Bakken, and four and the Three Forks. So that yields, effectively, a 250- and 320-acre well spacing, respectively. Now, based on the results of our infill pilot programs, we think that we can further downspace with minimal interference.
So, over the next 12 months, we're going to install tighter spacing at 17 of our DSUs, with seven wells in the Middle Bakken and six in the Three Forks. So this will bring the spacing down to 180 acres in the Middle Bakken, and 210 acres in the Three Forks. So, again, moving from 250 to 180 in the Middle Bakken, and 320 to 210 in the Three Forks.
Ed Westlake - Analyst
And maybe just a quick follow-on. That, I guess, is the 2014 program. But would you then go for deeper spacing once you've established the results of that across the acreage?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes. Assuming it all works as expected, then we would go full-scale with a tighter infill program on a go-forward basis.
Ed Westlake - Analyst
Sorry. So, would you be able to downspace to a tighter level than the seven and six?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Potentially. We're going to test a couple of DSUs in an even tighter configuration next year.
Ed Westlake - Analyst
Thanks very much.
Operator
Doug Terreson, ISI.
Doug Terreson - Analyst
Good morning, everybody. So, it appears that that upside is clearly unfolding in the Bakken. And in Europe, and specifically at Valhall, looks like production and gas margins are headed higher there, too. But at the same time, it also seems like there could be upside potential at Valhall when you consider the recovery rates in some of the neighboring fields.
So my question is whether you consider the opportunity for improved recovery on Valhall, intermediate to longer-term, to be real; and why or why not, as this is obviously pretty significant part of the portfolio these days?
John Hess - CEO
Yes, Doug, just to be clear, we have not been happy with BP's performance as operator of Valhall. And recently, as you know, we had -- Greg and I -- a senior meeting with BP's leadership to express our concerns. We have worked with them to jointly develop a performance improvement plan, and the results are beginning to show. The facilities have begun to run more reliably, and production is currently averaging near net 40,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
The prize -- as you rightfully point out -- at Valhall remains significant, with a net remaining recoverable resource to our Company of more than 500 million barrels. Our primary focus is to work with BP to grow production over the coming years; and leverage our chalk reservoir drilling and completion capability we've developed in South Arne in Denmark.
While we are encouraged by the recent progress, if performance does not continue to improve, we'll consider our strategic options.
Doug Terreson - Analyst
Okay. Thanks for the update, John.
Operator
Doug Leggate, Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Doug Leggate - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everybody. Greg, I wonder if I could take you back to the Bakken for a second. So, you've talked about the well pattern changing; the seven and six. You haven't talked about deeper benches. Continental obviously talks about second, third, and fourth benches as the reason for -- I was just pointing out the additional downspacing.
And neither have you addressed your longer-term production guidance or resource estimates based on the old pattern. So, if that's changing, can you give us some color as to how you think about the longer-term targets? And I've got a follow-up, please.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes, sure, you bet. Let's take it in order. Let's talk about the Three Forks first, Doug. As you know, we've continued to delineate the Three Forks in 2012 and 2013. And so by the end of this year, we should have about 140 Three Forks wells drilled and on production. So that's proved up some 40% of our 550,000 to 600,000 core acres. And we expect, ultimately, that some 60% to 65% of our core acreage is going to be economic for the Three Forks.
Results on the Three Forks have been great, so results to date have exceeded our expectations. And, in fact, our well results, coupled with the publicly available production data, show that our Three Forks acreage is among the best in the play. So a little context on where we are in the Three Forks.
Regarding the benches, we do see several discrete, thicker packages in certain areas of the field where we will plan to test whether or not more than one well in the Three Forks actually can deliver superior returns. And so we'll test that next year as part of our 2014 plan.
Now, in reference to the longer-term potential of the Bakken, if you think about where we are today -- so in the five and four configuration -- that yields about 2500 future drilling locations, and about 1 billion barrels of recoverable resource. Also, because of the performance of the Three Forks, that long-term, 120,000 barrels a day guidance is going to go up. And we plan to give some more color on that when we issue our annual guidance at the first of the year.
Now, regarding seven and six, obviously those numbers will go up again. So the well counts go up; the resource will go up; the long-term production will go up further -- above the Three Forks correction. As we get data from our pilots, and drill our wells, and get them on production and see the pressure response, then we'll give a second upgrade to the guidance in 2015.
Doug Leggate - Analyst
Can you talk about the pace, Greg, in terms of rig count, just in light of all of the above? I assume the current pace will accelerate.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Sure. Now, we haven't finalized our budget yet, so I will put that caveat on it, but this year we're at 14 rigs. We plan on increasing that to 17 rigs next year. And then if the seven and six works -- assuming it does, and we are confident it will -- then you'll see us step the rig count up to 20 rigs the year after, and potentially higher after that.
Doug Leggate - Analyst
Great, thanks. My follow-up, hopefully, is a bit quicker; I guess it's to either of the Johns -- the pace of buybacks. It seems like a sizable buyback, but it didn't really impact the share count too much. So I'm just wondering if you could help us with what was going on with the timing during the quarter, and how you see the pace of buybacks on a go-forward basis, let's say, over the next 12 months? And I'll leave it there. Thanks.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Yes, sure. In the quarter -- and I think you said it -- it really was the timing. We didn't start from the beginning of the quarter buying back shares, so we were buying back more in August and September. There's also, when you look at dilutive effect, obviously our share price has been increasing. So from a dilution standpoint, that adds more shares into the calculation as well. So that's why you're not seeing it. It will begin to flow through again in the fourth quarter as we continue.
So, going forward from a pace standpoint, we are going to continue to be disciplined on the pace. What we've done with our share buyback, as we said before, is we started out -- because from the energy marketing sale of $1 billion, we are tying our buybacks to the proceeds. So with that $1 billion, we started on that plan. We've now announced the terminal sale from that, so we'll continue on at this disciplined pace, buying back stock.
Doug Leggate - Analyst
All right, guys. Thanks a lot.
Operator
Paul Sankey, Deutsche Bank.
Paul Sankey - Analyst
Good morning, everyone. Thanks for the detail on the Bakken. I wondered if you could provide us with an update on pricing and realizations there? And if there's some sort of rule of thumb, for now and going forward, as to how the oil will price there. Thanks.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Unfortunately, Paul, there really isn't a rule of thumb. In prior quarters, or even going back into late last year, you had the big spread on the Brent-TI. So, obviously, moving by train, getting to the coast, you got a bigger uplift from the price realizations. Those have come in. We're still making money on the rail. In the quarter, it probably added around $3 per barrel to our realizations from the rail; but, obviously, they've squeezed.
Now, Clearbrook, and local pricing in Western North Dakota versus WTI, it's going to move based on what's happening in the market. So we're still planning to use all three market options -- going south to St. James; going east and west with our crude. And it's going to just factor into where the price realizations are at the time.
John Hess - CEO
Yes, just a little more color there. During the quarter, the WTI-Brent spread narrowed. I think TI actually, for a couple of days, was over Brent. As you know, right now, TI is probably about $10 under, and there's a further discount at the wellhead for our North Dakota production. So the rail facility continues to add value to our netbacks. How you can get a rule of thumb, given the variability just in the third quarter, is next to impossible.
The good news is, our Company is competitively positioned -- versus, I think, anybody else -- to maximize the value of our production there, and we continue to do that. Of the 54,000 barrels a day we're moving by rail right now, about one-third is going to the East and West Coast, and the balance goes to the Gulf Coast. Then as the East and West Coast increases their ability to receive crude, and assuming those markets are more favorable than the Gulf, we'll be able to exploit those opportunities even more in the future.
Paul Sankey - Analyst
That's extremely helpful, thank you. Firstly, could you indicate the -- just remind us the cost or the netback that you get when you move to those markets? So, I guess you'd be pricing off the crudes in those given coastal markets. How much less do you get for the transport cost in each case?
And, secondly, where would we expect to be, in terms of your ability to move crude out away from Clearbrook -- let's say, next year, or at a given point in the future -- why not say the end of 2014? Thanks.
John Hess - CEO
The East and West Coast trade more on a Brent basis, and the transportation cost is not materially different. It's a little higher to the East Coast, a little less to the West Coast. But that's figured out in the differentials that you get. But it's more Brent-based, where the price you get in the Gulf Coast could be tied to Brent; could be tied to LLS. And, as always, Paul, we'll be situated to maximize value according to what market signals that we get.
Paul Sankey - Analyst
And the future development of your ability to move, John?
John Hess - CEO
I'm sorry?
Paul Sankey - Analyst
I'm just wondering how much more you're going to be able to move to the coasts, let's say, in a year's time.
John Hess - CEO
Well, that's going to be more a function of the different refineries and the East and West Coasts' ability to take unit trains. Right now there are a few. And as they improve their capability, we will be able to do more. Right now it is sort of limited to that one-third that I mentioned of the 54,000 a day. If the markets improve, hopefully that number will increase. And quite frankly, if the train differentials still give us better value, we can look at getting a few more trains if we need that, and in addition to the nine unit trains that we already have.
Paul Sankey - Analyst
That's very helpful, thanks. And my follow-up is that can you update us just on the latest timing for the sale of the Asian assets; if we were expecting some news before the end of the year? Thank you, guys.
John Hess - CEO
Yes, we are well advanced. And more than that, we're really not in a position to say. I know there's some big news out there. I don't want to front-run the sale process, but it's well advanced.
Paul Sankey - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Brandon Mei, Tudor, Pickering, Holt.
Brandon Mei - Analyst
Thanks. I appreciate the color on the production guidance, post-2013. I was just wondering if you can give some corresponding guidance to the CapEx. And also, with the ramp in Bakken downspacing and CapEx there, how does that affect your total plan?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Going forward in 2014, obviously we'll give our full guidance after we've gone through our budget process here in the fourth quarter. But the guidance we've been giving is that the capital spend will have a 5 in front of it; so a 5 handle. That's basically the only guidance that we've given out right now for 2014. And, again now, early days on the Bakken, but what we've basically -- you heard from Greg earlier -- that we do plan, at least right now, to add some rigs to the Bakken.
However, from an overall capital spend in the Bakken standpoint, that's not necessarily increasing our spend there, because we are spending a lot on infrastructure this year in 2013. And, as you know, getting the Tioga Gas Plant -- we're actually going to have the shut down and commissioning here towards the end of this year. So the infrastructure spend will be moving more to drilling, keeping the Bakken capital number around the same. So that's general guidance here for 2014.
Brandon Mei - Analyst
Can you remind us what the CapEx was on infrastructure in the Bakken for 2013?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Yes. It would be between $500 million and $600 million.
Brandon Mei - Analyst
Okay. And then one more for me. Can you quantify the RIN contribution this quarter?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Yes, it was $28 million after-tax that we did recognize a benefit from in the third quarter from RINs. Now where current pricing is, we're expecting an immaterial contribution in the fourth quarter.
Brandon Mei - Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Paul Cheng, Barclays.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
Hello, guys. Good morning. I think a number of quick questions. John Rielly, would you be willing to share with us what is the energy marketing and terminal EBITDA, or pre-tax income or after-tax income? Whatever is the metric in the third quarter.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
No, Paul. We haven't been giving that information out. You saw with the announcement from Direct on where they had the EBITDA number for the energy marketing business. And then as far as terminals, no, we are -- again, it's commercially sensitive year as we go through the transaction with Buckeye.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
All right. And, Greg, the Bakken continues to improve. As of this point, from a productivity improvement standpoint, do you think that you already captured the bulk of that? Or do you think that you are just scratching the surface, and that there's far more to go?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Well, in terms of -- first on the cost. As you mentioned, the Bakken continues to improve. Our well costs went from $8.4 million to $7.8 million in a quarter, and that's the result of our application of lean manufacturing to just continue to drive improvement.
I think on the productivity side, we are constantly testing various things to try and improve the productivity, and also bring the costs down as well. So, there's a sweet spot, I call it, where cost and productivity meet to drive the highest return. So we're focused on drilling the highest-return Bakken wells, not necessarily the highest production, or not necessarily the lowest cost. We're really trying to find that maximum return point in the Bakken.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
Yes. And then, Greg -- or, that is, maybe it's for John -- you guys are very kind that you gave a lot more information in Bakken, including the well cost. How about on the cash operating costs -- is that something that you guys may consider start giving out that information?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
So, currently -- and I know, Paul, we've discussed this before -- at this point, just to give you the same guidance is that on the cash costs, which includes production and severance taxes in there, the Bakken is slightly below our portfolio average there, from all-in cash costs there.
Going forward, we are looking at it. We're continuing to add information there. Obviously, you know we've got the whole -- we're looking at the midstream and the marketing up there in North Dakota? So it's something we'll still be considering as we move forward, to provide that information.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
And, Greg, on the gas plant Tioga, how many days the Bakken production operation will be impacted?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Well, Paul, it's mainly gas. So we'll send a lot more gas to flare. The liquids will be a very small number -- a couple of thousand barrels a day for the quarter; 1000 to 2000 barrels a day. So the impact to oil is very small.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
Okay. So that means that your fourth-quarter Bakken production should not be really materially impacted by this shutdown?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
That's right.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
So we should continue to see them going higher? Maybe not be going as much of the sequential increase as from second to third, but should not deflect.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Just to add do that, Paul, with the gas and the shutdown, we are -- in that number that I gave out earlier of the 320,000 barrels a day, we are seeing Bakken essentially flat with that number, in that number that I gave. Just because due to the shut down and the shut-in of gas.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
But is there any reason that they should be? Because shut-in the gas that you may be losing, say, in the third quarter, is 44 million cubic feet a day. But you're not going to shut down for the entire quarter, is it?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
No, we aren't. It will go down, probably, the third week in November. We're still finalizing all that. The gas plant will go down, and then we'll start commissioning the plant at the end of the year.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
Right. So it will be 1.5 months. So your jobs say 25 million cubic feet per day, or that 4000. And that you typically grow by, say, maybe somewhere in the 5 to 6.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
I think importantly, Paul, what we said in the opening remarks -- all that is built into our guidance for 64,000 to 70,000 on the Bakken. So that's all built-in. So that range is still very valid.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
And, Greg, on Utica, in order for you to come to the commercial development decision, what is the steps -- or what kind of condition that you need to be met before you can get to that decision?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Well, I think, certainly, with the wet gas, we will be making that decision at the end of 2014, once we finish delineation. And, remember, that is all HBP'd and feed, or fee acreage; and it effectively has no royalty. So the economics of that are very strong.
And so, we've already moved to pad drilling in a number of well locations, so we are effectively delineating and developing at the same time. But as far as a full-field sanction decision, that will come at the end of 2014 as part of our budgeting process. So that's the plan.
But the wells are looking great, and the economics look really well with that kind of a royalty.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
Can you remind me, what is your net acreage position for the wet gas area?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Well, yes, okay. So, it's 73,000, currently, net acres on the JV acreage. Now, not all of that is wet gas. So about 30,000 or so -- 30,000 to 35,000 -- will be wet gas acreage. The rest is oil acreage that we don't have any plans to develop on the far West.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
I see. and then, yes, a final one. Australia, any update on the long-term gas supply agreement?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes, so, we continue to make progress. We are pleased with the progress that we are making on Australia. And we're closer than we ever have been. That's about all I can say at this point.
Paul Cheng - Analyst
I see. Thank you.
Operator
John Herrlin, Societe Generale.
John Herrlin - Analyst
Yes, thanks. I know you can't say much about the agency of sale, but what about tax efficiency of the sale? Should we expect a big tax bite?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Again, the guidance I've been given is that from overall proceeds, that the cash tax effect will be less than 5%. And that is driven by the Asian sales over there. So there is some leakage with the Asian sales. But, again, from our overall proceed numbers that we're talking about, it's less than 5%.
John Herrlin - Analyst
Okay. One for Greg in terms of the Utica. Is your line demarcating the wet gas/dry gas kind of moving a little bit more to the east in terms of the wet gas? Because you had some wells here on your map that had reasonable liquids content that you had in the dry area.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes, I think, between our wells and industry wells, those lines are constantly moving. They're not moving tens of miles or hundreds of miles; so you're kind of on the edge here of trying to find that window. In the western part of the dry gas window, which is that transition area from the dry gas to wet gas, those liquids are predominantly NGLs.
And then as we move further west, towards Harrison County and West Belmont County and the East Guernsey County, those total liquids percentages gradually increase to around 60%. And then the condensate portion of these liquids goes as high as 35% when you get over there. So you can begin to see where the real sweet spots are, and we're right in the heart of it.
John Herrlin - Analyst
Great. Last one for me is on Ghana. Would you go solo if need be?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
I'm sorry. Could you ask that question again?
John Herrlin - Analyst
Ghana. Say you don't find partner terms that appeal, would you go solo in terms of the development there?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Well, I think we're committed to the appraisal program, certainly. However, I will say that the data room has been very active, so we anticipate getting bids sometime in November.
John Herrlin - Analyst
Good. Thanks.
Operator
Pavel Molchanov, Raymond James.
Pavel Molchanov - Analyst
Thanks. Thanks for taking the question. First on Kurdistan, on the first prospect, do you guys have a pre-drill estimate for that?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
We do, but we typically don't give those out for pre-drill.
Pavel Molchanov - Analyst
Order of magnitude?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
No. Obviously, if we have a discovery, we will give you some color on that in the first quarter.
Pavel Molchanov - Analyst
Okay, fair enough. On the Utica, you mentioned still about a year away from FFID decision-making. Your guidance over the next five years, just to clarify, does not ascribe any credit for the Utica, correct?
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
No, it does -- for the wet gas portion which, as Greg said, we started some pad drilling. We are drilling and hooking up wells there. We do have a contribution from the wet gas portion of the Utica in that guidance.
Pavel Molchanov - Analyst
Okay. But nothing else for the play? Okay.
John Rielly - SVP, CFO
Correct.
Pavel Molchanov - Analyst
Okay, got it. Appreciate it.
Operator
Phillips Johnston, Capital One.
Phillips Johnston - Analyst
Hello, guys. Just to follow up on Doug's question regarding the lower Three Forks benches. I thought some of the 55 wells that were planned for this year were actually targeting the second bench. So I just wanted to clarify your comments, which sounded like, so far, you haven't really tested any of the lower benches.
And, just as a follow-up, I was wondering what the mix might be for next year's Three Forks wells, in terms of what percentage might be drilled into the first, second, third, or fourth benches.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Yes, so, just to clarify, I think what we said was, yes, we wanted to target those lower benches. But we did this year was go down and get core from a lot of those locations. And, as I said in my remarks, it does appear that there are certain parts of the field where you do have two big, thick sections of the Three Forks. So we plan to actually put horizontals in some of the second bench areas next year.
Now, I will say once again, I think ultimately the decision on multiple benches in the Three Forks is going to come down to returns. Because, obviously, if I put two wells into benches in the Three Forks, I better at least get double the recovery; or economically, from a return standpoint, it doesn't make sense.
Phillips Johnston - Analyst
Right. So probably no wells next year, in terms of the third or the fourth benches? That's probably of 2015 type of --?
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
No, I don't -- the majority of our acreage, if there is multiple bench, it appears to be in the second bench.
Phillips Johnston - Analyst
Okay.
Greg Hill - EVP & President, Worldwide Exploration and Production
Now, the third and fourth bench -- much more isolated, and much smaller.
Phillips Johnston - Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
With no more questions, that concludes our call today. Ladies and gentlemen, you may now disconnect. Have a great day. Thank you for your participation.