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Operator
Good morning and welcome to the fourth-quarter and year-end 2016 conference call for Graco Inc. If you wish to access the replay for this call, you may do so by dialing 1-888-203-1112 within the United States or Canada. The dial-in number for international callers is 719-457-0820. The conference ID is 9371987. The replay will be available through February 4, 2017. Graco has additional information available in a PowerPoint slide presentation which is available as part of the webcast player.
At the request of the Company, we will open the conference up for questions and answers after the opening remarks from management.
During this call, various remarks may be made by management about their expectations, plans and prospects for the future. These remarks constitute forward-looking statements for the purposes of the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Actual results may differ material from those indicated as a result of various risk factors, including those identified in Item 1A of the Company's 2015 annual report on Form 10-K and in Item 1A of the Company's most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q. These reports are available on the Company's website at www.Graco.com, and the SEC's website at www.SEC.gov. Forward-looking statements reflect management's current views and speak only as of the time they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these statements in light of new information or future events.
At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, you will have the opportunity to ask questions during the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions). Please note this call is being recorded.
I will now turn the conference over to Caroline Chambers, Vice President, Corporate Controller and Information Systems. Please go ahead ma'am.
Caroline Chambers - VP, Corporate Controller and Information Systems
Good morning everyone. I'm here this morning with Pat McHale and Christian Rothe. Our conference call slides are on our website and provide additional information on our quarter.
Last evening, Graco released fourth-quarter results with sales totaling $349 million, an increase of 7% from the prior year. To note, the fiscal fourth quarter of 2016 included 14 weeks as compared to 13 weeks in 2015.
On a US GAAP basis, we realized a quarterly loss of $104 million. Our fourth quarter included a non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets related to our oil and natural gas business. Adjusting for the net of tax effect of the impairment, earnings were $57 million, or $1.00 per diluted share.
I'll address the impairment first and then will provide some comments on our underlying operating results for the quarter. As we discussed at the end of the third quarter, the operating results of our oil and natural gas reporting unit, which is within our process segment, fell short of expectations due to ongoing weakness in oil and natural gas market. As we consider the 2016 shortfall in revenues and operating results as compared to expectation and projections from the 2017 planning process, we determined that the goodwill and intangible assets related to this business were impaired and we recorded a charge of $192 million in the fourth quarter. The tax effect of the impairment includes a deferred tax benefit of $31 million for a net effect of $161 million.
Intangible assets of $27 million remain on our balance sheet, representing customer relationships and trade names. In 2017, amortization expense related to these intangible assets is expected to be reduced by $3 million as compared to 2016.
We remain committed to the long-term profitability of our oil and natural gas business and believe that improvements in facilities, manufacturing capabilities, and commercial resources position the business to benefit strongly when recovery -- when it comes.
Foreign exchange continued to be a slight headwind in the quarter, and the effect of foreign translation rates reduced sales by approximately $4 million, and net income by $1 million. Sales from businesses acquired in the past 12 months increased sales in the fourth quarter by $4 million. A reconciliation of our operating earnings is included on Page 8 of our slide deck.
Gross profit margins for the quarter were consistent with the prior year as favorable realized pricing and mix offset the unfavorable effects of lower factory volume. Operating expenses were $4 million higher than the prior year with $2 million related to acquired businesses.
Unallocated corporate expenses were approximately $1 million lower than last year and included a $2 million increase related to an employee option grant that was issued in the fourth quarter of 2016. The employee grant from 2013 was fully vested in 2016, and a program to grant options to nonexecutive non-manager employees has historically been put in place on a three-year cycle. The fourth-quarter expense related to the option grant was more than offset by a favorable legal settlement.
Excluding the effect of the impairment, the effective tax rate for the quarter was 29% as compared to 27% last year. The 2015 rate included a favorable impact from the full-year federal R&D tax credit, which was not available until the fourth quarter last year.
Cash provided by operating activities was $269 million for the year as compared to $190 million last year. A brief reminder regarding comparables to 2015, last year included year-to-date net investment income of $141 million, or $2.40 per diluted share, related to Liquid Finishing businesses that were held separate and sold in April of 2015. 2015 year-to-date results also included $9 million, or $0.15 per diluted share, related to nonrecurring tax benefit.
Looking at 2017, foreign exchange is expected to continue to be a headwind for us. At today's exchange rate and assuming the same volume, mix of product, and mix of business by currency, we expect to see an unfavorable effect of currency translation of approximately 1% on sales and 3% on earnings with the greatest effect in the first three quarters.
Also going into 2017, we expect to realize modest price increases and improved factory efficiencies, so factory performance is dependent on volume. As noted earlier, amortization expense related to oil and natural gas intangibles is expected to be $3 million lower in 2017 as compared to 2015.
Full-year unallocated corporate expenses in 2017 are expected to be $2 million higher than 2016.
The tax rate is expected to be approximately 30% in 2017. Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $40 million. We currently plan to repurchase enough shares to maintain our current outstanding share count. Those accounts may vary from quarter to quarter and we may make further shared purchases on an opportunistic basis.
I'll turn the call over to Pat now for further discussion.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
Thank you Caroline. Good morning everyone. All my comments this morning are on an organic constant currency basis.
Operating margins expanded by 1 percentage point in the quarter, reflecting the higher topline growth rate. The process segment was up 2 points, contractor was up 1 point, and industrial held its 34% operating margin from a year ago. The contractor segment was up against very difficult comps from last year's fourth quarter and still managed a double-digit revenue growth rate. The strong performance from the Americas and EMEA contractor hit $100 million in fourth-quarter sales for the first time in the Company's history. Every segment and region posted growth in the fourth quarter and for the full year 2016 with the exception of the process segment.
As Caroline mentioned in her prepared comments, Graco had an extra week in the fourth quarter of 2016, a natural catch up that happens every half-dozen years or so, due to our weak-based fiscal periods. Using simple math to adjust out the extra week, the fourth quarter was relatively flat on an apples-to-apples basis. Frankly, I believe that simple math shortchanges the quarter as Q4 of last year had a backlog reduction of $8 million while, this year, we added $3 million of backlog during the quarter. So based on weekly average order activity, we had a low single-digit growth rate and that's how it felt to me during the quarter. During the second half of 2015, we shipped about $17 million more of backlog than we did in the second half of 2016.
I'm not going to go through the regions and segments individually, but want to hit on some of the data points that we typically provide in the quarterly conference call that aren't included in the press release or call slides. In contractor Americas, we had high single-digit growth in our paint store channel, while the home center channel was up solid double digits. As has been the case all year, out the door sales for both home center and paint stores were solid.
In the EMEA region, we had good growth from both the developed and emerging markets. Russia appears to have stabilized for us. The Middle East remains a concern.
Our Asia-Pacific region, China was our strongest performing country throughout the year. We do remain cautious about the project spending and capital equipment environment Asia-wide. We expect our normal modest price increases in 2017 and should be okay on price-cost mix this year.
Orders were favorable to the prior year throughout the quarter with November being closer to flat and December's pace above the quarterly average. The first few weeks of 2017 are in positive territory and support our outlook.
Before discussing the outlook, I want to make a quick comment about tax reform. We've provided a slide with some key data points that could be germane to your analysis around what the impact of certain tax proposals could be on Graco's future tax obligations. I'll leave it to you to try to predict what might happen regarding tax policy. We will continue to make our decisions using our standard ROI processes and will reflect any policy changes in our models if and when they are implemented.
Moving on to our outlook, we initiated our 2017 outlook last evening in our Q4 earnings release. Our worldwide outlook for 2017 is for low single-digit growth with similar growth rates throughout the geographic regions. We believe we will see growth in all segments, but see the most risk to our outlook in the process segment where we have the most exposure to oil and gas and mining end markets. We expect contractor to grow for an eighth consecutive year, but think the growth is likely to moderate to mid single digits. Our outlook for the first quarter of 2017 is similar to our outlook for the full year.
With that, operator, we are ready for questions.
Operator
The question and answer session will begin at this time. (Operator Instructions). Deane Dray.
Deane Dray - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning everyone. Just let me start off with -- did I miss last quarter the heads up that you were going to have this calendar difference with the extra week this quarter? Because that was a surprise to us; I think it was a surprise to a number of people. I just kind of would like to know why it ended up being disclosed so late in the game here.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
No, you didn't miss anything. It was probably a miss on our part to not give you a heads up on that.
Deane Dray - Analyst
So I can just -- you said it happens every half-dozen years, so we can file that one away? No other days issues in the near term we should be aware of?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
That would be correct. Hopefully, six years from now, we will remember to tell you again.
Deane Dray - Analyst
All right. And then to the extent of which you get -- I throw a flag at that, I do have to praise you that Page 13, out of all the industrial companies, that is a best practice in terms of profiling your business. And I guess it's up to us to figure out, for the crystal ball, how the cross-border tax plays out, but we really appreciate that level of detail that you've provided.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
I'm glad you like that. I've never actually got flagged on a conference call before (multiple speakers) years, so that's a first.
Deane Dray - Analyst
That's a loss of down too. All right. And so -- and then just on the business on the contractor side, just kind of put this into context. You've had consecutive growth, and expecting some moderation. Is that because of tougher comps? Is there more competition? Just give us a sense of how you're modeling and expecting some moderation of growth.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
It's been a pretty big rebound coming off the bottom of the housing market. In fact, if you take a look at revenue for the division compared to where construction activity is, it's been pretty amazing. We also had a really big year in EMEA, so I think it's just wise for us at this point to anticipate a return to maybe more normal market growth rates. There's really nothing more than that behind it.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
I would add to that -- this is Christian -- we also had the load-in that happened in Q2 of this year, so that also makes the comps a little bit more difficult too.
Deane Dray - Analyst
And then one more question if I could. Pretty positive comments on China. And then maybe just kind of broadly what you are seeing there on the industrial side, and tie that to the finishing and whether any change in the adoption rate of the technology.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
So, we did have a good year in China really across the majority of our product lines. Still, I think we are a little bit cautious in terms of the project activity there going into 2017. We've been cautious on Asia-Pacific and even in China in particular throughout most of the last year, year and a half, and have still managed to be able to put up some numbers.
Specifically, on the conversion issue, I think that's related to our contractor business, a question related to our contractor business.
Deane Dray - Analyst
Yes.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
Yes, so we had a better quarter in our contractor business in Q4, but that really just brought us back to about flat for the year. We have now made another leadership change. I know we went through this here a couple of years ago, but we didn't feel that that was working. We took someone who's been within the organization and we think is tried and true. We've got a new leader for that business here, and we've got new ideas and we're going to go push them again in 2017 and try to get that going. We really believe there's upside opportunity for our contractor business in Asia that we are not getting yet.
Deane Dray - Analyst
Understood. Thank you.
Operator
Saree Boroditsky.
Saree Boroditsky - Analyst
Good morning. Congratulations on the quarter. In Industrials America, you talked about the capital spending environment being weaker this past year. And I just want to get your thoughts if you see that improving, since you've seen some more positive manufacturing data.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
I can't -- it still seems to me to be on kind of a flat trend going forward. We continue to see the tough spot flooding and ag market, energy, mining. Aerospace has now okay but it's really, for us, been mostly replacement business, not a lot of new investment. Automotive was okay for the year, heavy machinery and general industrial a little bit soft. I'd say so far the trends kind of look a lot like 2016. So we are hearing some positive things, but I think we're going to wait until we actually see it to make positive comments.
Saree Boroditsky - Analyst
Okay. That's fair. And then just a follow-up, and it might be early, but do you think that the proposed tax changes could be a catalyst to boost US manufacturing investment?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
You know, we have discussions of course around here from time to time. I personally try not to engage too deeply in them. I think it's hard to predict how all the dynamics are going to play out. And I can create scenarios that are great and I can create scenarios that are disastrous, and I think the devil is in the details. We're just going to continue to do what we do, and as the picture becomes clear, we will make sure that we are making our decisions in the context of whatever the environment is.
Saree Boroditsky - Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. I appreciate it. I'll get back in queue.
Operator
Jeff Hammond.
Jeff Hammond - Analyst
Good morning guys. So just to end markets, auto CapEx cycle has been really healthy. How are you thinking about that prospectively? And then I think you mentioned non-res, a lot of debate earlier in 2016 about where we are in the cycle. But things have stabilized. What are you seeing there in terms of risk to moderation?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
So automotive has been pretty good globally. 2016 was a pretty good year and obviously, in some of the areas, we are approaching peak. I think investment is still going to be okay in 2017. I'm not worried about a big collapse. The numbers for EMEA look like they were pretty strong finishing up the year and they are forecasted for continued growth and going into 2017. North America is at high levels, but there still seems to be some activity. So I feel okay about automotive.
And I agree, non-res seems to have stabilized. Construction markets in Europe actually are moving incrementally in the right direction. I think that's positive for us. And of course, the challenge for us in Asia related to construction is really market share and market penetration, and user conversion, not so much the overall construction rates. So I don't think it's likely that things are going to get worse in those markets in 2017. They ought to give us room to succeed.
Jeff Hammond - Analyst
Okay, great. And then process, you mentioned is still the area of talking, but we have gotten better moves in oil and gas and data points and activity, at least on the upstream. Just maybe expand on any optimism you are seeing out there, or what do you need to see for that business to more meaningfully fare?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
Some of the things that we are reading are definitely headed in the right direction. And some of the feedback that we are getting from the field sales team is also positive. From my perspective, really still not seeing that in the incoming order rate yet. Hopefully, we will see that soon. But I think it's just a little early for us to be calling out a change to a positive trend there.
Jeff Hammond - Analyst
Okay. Thanks Pat.
Operator
Charley Brady.
Charley Brady - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning guys. Just a couple of questions on contractor. It sounds as though the home center channel, that sounds like a pretty strong number coming out of Q4. And I'm just wondering what is your sense on what's really driving that. Was it just kind of a seasonal type of thing, or you had some product load going in earlier in the year and it's just getting a lot more traction now to the end of the year.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
It's Christian. I think it's partially that. Right? We did have some good load that happened earlier on in the year, and there's definitely the follow-through that happens as those products get reordered. We've seen this I guess for a number of quarters now, though, where we will have a lighter quarter and then we'll follow it up with a stronger quarter. That's really more the effect than compared against last year where home center was not quite as strong in the fourth quarter. So, it's not necessarily that we are seeing something trend-wise that's really differentiated there. I would note that, again, we see the out the door sales and the out the door sales are probably a more important factor for us. So we are seeing growth out of the out the door, which is nice, but it's not all that differentiated from what we're seeing in the same store side.
Charley Brady - Analyst
Thanks. Just one more from me. I know it's not huge piece, but on the hot melt adhesive side of the business, can you maybe give us an update on kind of where you are strategically on what your -- where you sit with that business?, how it's playing out, and are you gaining more traction than you've had previously in it?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
I don't want to get into detail on that for competitive reasons, but I would say we remain committed to that initiative and we're going to continue to push forward.
Charley Brady - Analyst
Great. Thanks Pat.
Operator
Matt Summerville.
Matt Summerville - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. Just a follow-up on contractor. Is there anything to be gleaned as far as what you're seeing from an average price point kind of out the door? Have you seen that migrate higher in particular through the propane channel? And also do you have any major product line recapitalizations or new product launches that we should be aware of given timing associated with spend to be followed by volume, like what you had in 2016?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
In terms of the average unit that's going out the door, we saw a nice slower trend coming out of the recession. You'll remember that our units at the bottom of the range really rebounded the quickest, and the units that are at the higher price points took longer to come back, but we have seen over the course of the last two or three years the larger units coming back. So that's been a good trend for us. Some of that can be also -- can move around quarter to quarter and even year to year based upon promotional activity, and we saw some differences in 2016 and 2015 that moved the numbers around a little bit. But I think the trends are good in terms of seeing more of our bigger, higher ticket units getting sold.
The second part of the question --
Matt Summerville - Analyst
It was more around just product launches slated for 2017.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
So we have a good slate of products for the contractor division. We just had a big vendor show a couple of weeks ago here, and we showed the products that we have. We had a number of demo booths set up. Feedback on those is pretty positive. I don't anticipate a big zero load kind of a thing like we had going into the home center in the second quarter, but I think our new products that we've got for 2017 in contractor are solid and should support our mid-single-digit growth outlook for the year.
Matt Summerville - Analyst
And then just one follow-up. Can you remind us what your price realization was in 2016? And it sounds like you have a similar expectation, unless I misunderstood something, for 2017.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
For 2016, it was in the number that we target, which is kind of that 1.5% to 2%. As we go into 2017, the price lifts are out there and we are starting to realize that now our expectations in that ballpark may be on the lower end.
Matt Summerville - Analyst
Got it. Thanks.
Operator
Walt Liptak.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
You called out some of the political risk to 2017, and we've all been reading the paper. I wonder if, in the fourth quarter, in the industrial business, if you did see any volatility right around prior to or after the election, maybe how you finished the year in December in industrial.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
Again, if you kind of take out the impact of the extra week and then you also take a look at the fact that we shipped less backlog than the year before, I would say that there was probably some -- I felt some optimism talking to some of our salespeople, a few of our channel partners, but I would say, from a run rate perspective, it seemed like more of the same. I don't think there was any kind of a dramatic reaction either way in terms of actual orders.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
I know you sell a lot of product through distribution. I wonder if you've had any discussions with large customers, etc., that might be looking at refreshing of capital spending, especially in the US.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
I'm not hearing anything out of the ordinary or different than I heard in 2016, at least so far.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
All right. Thank you.
Operator
Liam Burke.
Liam Burke - Analyst
Thank you. Good morning Pat. On the competitive front, you mentioned that you anticipate some price increases. Are you seeing any change either on the national early global or regional front on the competition?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
No, not significantly. We've got a pretty solid group of competitors that are typically successful in good times and bad, pretty much like we are. And I think everybody in our space is really focused on trying to make the best products for the customer that they can, and dynamics really haven't changed a lot. I think our pricing environment has been pretty stable. We've been able to generate our annual price increase in that normal range for a number of years now. And I think that competitive market dynamics aren't dramatically different. You can pick out a few product lines where maybe you could see some things different regionally, but I'd say, overall, in aggregate, it's more of the same.
Liam Burke - Analyst
Great. And are you seeing any significant shift or move from liquid to powder at the product level?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
That's always hard to tell. Certainly, and this is just anecdotal evidence, but when I'm traveling around, I do see more facilities that have both, which is an interesting dynamic. Whereas generally a facility used seem like it would be powder or it would be liquid, I'm seeing, particularly in some of the ag and heavy equipment places where they are putting in a bullet depending upon what kind of parts that they want to call it. The powder business, and I think we communicated back when we bought it, had been growing about 1 point faster than the liquid business. So I'm guessing that there's probably still some conversion happening. I don't think it's dramatic.
Liam Burke - Analyst
Great. Thank you Pat.
Operator
Jim Giannakouros.
Jim Foung.
Jim Foung - Analyst
Good morning. It seems like Trump is carrying out most of his promises made during the election. I'm just wondering. If we get this infrastructure bill, how quickly could you benefit from that?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
Again, we get into a lot of predictions and stuff in terms of what may or may not happen. Again, we are exceeding our 2017 plan, and whatever happens happens. We went through this whole shovel-ready thing a few years ago, and things weren't as shovel-ready as everybody thought. Obviously, any time there's construction activity, it is going to be great for Graco. I haven't built that into my forecast. My forecast assumes that things are running pretty much like they are today. So, if you view that there is going to be a lot of infrastructure activity that's going to happen already in 2017, you've got to view that as favorable for us.
Jim Foung - Analyst
Okay. And then just quickly on the price test segment, when that snapped back, I guess what kind of upside can we see now that you've kind of taken all the costs out of that business? How big is the leverage when it comes back through you?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
We haven't been through a cycle with our direct oil and gas business. We bought that when the market was hot and now we've been through the downturn but we haven't been through the upswing. Certainly, we have invested in new equipment and some facility consolidation; that should help. I don't think we really know. I would expect that incremental margins should be pretty decent, but, in terms of how exactly it all plays out, I don't know. Christian, you could weigh in if you have some thoughts.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
These businesses, when we bought them, were in the high 20s%, low 30s% on EBITDA margin. We should have (technical difficulty) a change that we've made -- we should expect that we are going to be above those numbers when we get back to the same kind of volume level, but we've got a ways to go still.
Jim Foung - Analyst
Right. So, that could be actually very fast in terms of the quick recovery, those things could hit the bottom-line very quickly. Okay, that's all I have. Thank you.
Operator
Jim Giannakouros.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Sorry about that. Good morning to you. So, Pat, you mentioned that, during the rough map on the extra week giving a 7% to 8% bump year-over-year, not a fair handicap given the weekly sales data that you were looking at. Was that a December comment? Was that through a full quarter. Can you just dive into that a little bit just so I can better understand what you were seeing during the quarter?
Pat McHale - President, CEO
That was a full quarter comment. There's obviously noise week to week. You know, we are pretty fast book and ship kind of a business in most of our product lines.
In terms of order trends through the quarter, November was I'll say more of a flattish and December was stronger. But I tend not to get too worked up over what happens these two weeks versus those two weeks just because our business does definitely have some noise in it. And the quarter overall kind of fell low single digits. That's what the incoming order rate was really reflective of. And I feel like we are exiting the year in a similar fashion in what we've seen in the last few quarters in terms of overall activity.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Got it, okay. And then a follow-up on the incremental margin discussion. I'm assuming input costs are rising. I assume that pricing is pretty broad-based. But can you, Pat or Christian, kind of get a little granular as far as where you're getting more price where it's not as easy to get price and where mix might work against you, just to get a better understanding of the incremental margin progression in 2017? Thanks.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
We feel pretty good about price-cost mix. And we are not going to break out what our price realization is by product line and by geography, but I think you're pretty safe to put in a number in that 1.5%, 2% kind of range in terms of realized pricing. That's what we've done historically and I don't see a dramatic difference for 2017. Our factories actually performed halfway decent this year given big pressures on them in terms of the lower volumes with a little bit of volume improvement. Certainly, we could see some improved factory performance, but, overall, I don't think that, based upon what we see today, input costs and pricing, we should be fine.
Jim Giannakouros - Analyst
Thank you. That's all I had.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Walter Liptak.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Thanks. As a follow-up on the process segment, I wonder if you could give us an update. At the end of 2016, how much is new revenue that's related to oil and gas?
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
So, at the end of 2016 -- we haven't done the exact analysis because we sell through distribution, and the oil and gas business would have an aspect of that as well. It takes some time to go back and pull the data apart to get that information. But just broadly speaking, as we look at our overall what we think our oil and gas exposure is and where we sat for 2016 on sales, we're probably in the neighborhood of I'm guessing low 20s% type of exposure in the process segment for oil and gas.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Low 20% of process is oil and gas. Okay. And your businesses, as I imagine, were down in 2016 kind of in a pro forma or whatever 50% something like that.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
On oil and gas side of it?
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Yes, on the oil and gas side.
Christian Rothe - CFO, Treasurer
Overall, no, it wasn't that bad. It wasn't pretty, but it wasn't that bad.
Walt Liptak - Analyst
Good. All right. Okay. Thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). It appears we have no further questions at this time, so I will now turn the conference over to Pat McHale.
Pat McHale - President, CEO
All right. Well, thanks, everybody, for joining us on the call this morning. We are excited to get going on 2017 here, got some products launching in our business units, and hopefully some of the hard work and activities that we did in 2016 will pay off in 2017. So, we will see how it goes and we will be back at you at the end of the quarter. Thanks.
Operator
And this concludes your conference today. Thank you all for participating and have a nice day. All parties may now disconnect.