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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Franklin Electric fourth quarter and fiscal 2014 sales and earnings conference call. At this time all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later we will conduct a question-and-answer session and instructions will follow at that time.
(Operator Instructions).
As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Jeff Frappier, Treasurer. Sir, you may begin.
Jeff Frappier - Treasurer
Thank you, [Sam]. We hope everybody enjoyed the music on that short break. And welcome, everyone, to Franklin Electric's fourth quarter 2014 earnings conference call. With me today are Gregg Sengstack, our CEO, John Haines, our CFO, Robert Stone, Senior Vice President and President International Water Systems.
On today's call, Gregg will review our fourth quarter and full year business results. And then John will review our fourth quarter and full year financial results. When John is through, we will have some time for questions and answers.
Before we begin, let me remind you that as we conduct this call, we will be making forward-looking statements within the meanings of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements.
Discussion of these factors may be found in the company's annual report on Form 10-K and in today's earnings release. All forward-looking statements made during this call are based on information currently available and, except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
During this call, we will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, which the Company believes helps investors understand underlying trends and the Company's business more easily.
A full reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP financial measures is included in today's earnings release, which you can find on Franklin Electric's website. With that, I will now turn the call over to our CEO, Gregg Sengstack.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Thank you, Jeff. During the fourth quarter, the Company achieved record sales. Our adjusted earnings per share exceeded last year's fourth quarter adjusted earnings per share, which were the highest recorded earnings for any fourth quarter in the Company's history, despite an estimated [$0.02] EPS headwind due to foreign currency translation in the fourth quarter 2014.
Continued strength in our fueling business, a lower effective tax rate offset Water Systems results which were below our expectations. Water Systems margins were impacted principally by higher material costs, both year-over-year and sequentially, and higher marketing and selling costs in our U.S. commercial business.
During the fourth quarter, Water Systems sales in the U.S. and Canada, which were 36% of consolidated sales, increased by about 6% compared to the prior year. Sales of surface water pumping equipment grew by 15% in the fourth quarter. U.S. and Canada sales of Pioneer branded mobile pumping business increased by over 10% in the fourth quarter of 2014 compared to the prior year.
As I mentioned last quarter, the contribution margin of Pioneer sales deteriorated year-over-year as we outsourced production and took other actions to assure timely customer deliveries during this period of rapid sales growth.
These increases -- these sales increases were partially offset by a 2% decline in the sales of ground water pumping equipment, an improvement from the 16% decline we experienced in the third quarter. This small decline was primarily due to two factors.
The first was weak demand for agricultural irrigation pumps due to weather and the (inaudible) crop prices and the second due to uneven order patterns as a result of our previously announced ground water distribution footprint change.
You may recall that we implemented this distribution change west of the Rockies and east of the Mississippi during the third quarter of 2014. We have announced further changes in the central region of the country, which will take effect the end of March 2015. We have been pleased thus far with the distribution transition. Business levels have steadily increased through 2014.
During the fourth quarter, while we incurred heavier than normal promotional costs our market share in the U.S. ground water business equaled the record level achieved in the fourth quarter of 2012. Turning to our international water business, in the fourth quarter our Water Systems teams in developing regions continued to deliver solid performance.
Water Systems sales in Latin America, which were about 16% of consolidated sales for the fourth quarter, increased 19%, excluding acquisitions and the impact of foreign currency translation. In spite of the weak Brazilian economy our organic Water Systems sales in Brazil grew 23% in the quarter, due to dry weather, introduction of new products and share gain.
Our distribution outlets in Chile and Colombia continued to contribute to increased sales in those markets as well. Water System sales in the Middle East and Africa, which were about 11% of consolidated sales, were down 2% compared to the fourth quarter 2013. However, excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, sales increased by about 6% compared to the fourth quarter 2013.
Driven in part by recovery of our South African business, and our business in Turkey continuing to post record results driven by strong sales of ground water pumping equipment. Excluding acquisitions in foreign currency translation, Asia-Pacific sales increased by about 7% compared to the fourth quarter prior year, driven by an improvement in our business in Australia.
In Europe, our sales bounced back nicely from a weak third quarter, increasing by 15% before the impact of foreign currency translation as compared to the fourth quarter 2013. Sales were up 2% across the Franklin brand of Water Systems products and the Pioneer branded mobile pumping equipment product sales doubled in the fourth quarter.
Turning now to our fueling business. The fueling business team had a great year, turning in another record quarter, ahead of expectations and guidance, with sales growing 11% and earnings growing by 10% compared to the fourth quarter prior year. fueling systems grew across most product lines and all regions of the globe except the Middle East and Africa.
In developing regions our strongest growth continues to come from [fueling station orders and] continuing to invest in Franklin pressure pumping systems for delivering fuel to dispensers, as well as our vapor controlled and leak detection [systems].
While on the subject of developing regions, as I mentioned last quarter, we continue to be convinced that over the next decade, most of the world's growth and demand for our water and fueling products will occur in developing regions. Certainly the results this quarter support our premise. Therefore, we will continue to focus on acquisition opportunities in those regions.
Of the three acquisitions we completed in 2014, integration of Bombas Leao, a Brazilian company acquired in June, is proceeding on plan. And during the fourth quarter Leao brand pump sales were the highest in that company's history. The Leao business was modestly [accretive] in the fourth quarter.
The two acquisitions that we completed in India during the third quarter, while smaller than Leao, are also meeting expectations and we believe that, after the initial integration costs are behind us, these acquisitions will be [accretive to earnings] during 2015. While the strengthening dollar will mute these results our overall sales in developing regions now stands at 42% of our consolidated revenue, and grew by 16% versus the fourth quarter last year.
Turning now to our outlook, as we head into 2015, both a strong dollar and the deduction in oil and gas drilling activities in the United States are having a negative impact on our global sales volume. We estimate that if the dollar stays at current levels, the translation of effect will reduce our global sales and earnings by about 6% in 2015.
And reduced drilling activity will result in another 3% decline versus 2014. With the additional steps we have taken to reset our U.S. ground water business, we anticipate demand to be uneven and promotions to be heavier than normal until the market settles down, probably midyear, when we anticipate a bounce back in our U.S. water sales during the peak selling season as our new distribution network becomes fully functional.
On the other hand, we are implementing price increases across most of our global water and fueling markets that will have a favorable impact on margins after they become effective. In addition, we are forecasting another strong year for our fueling business, as global investment and fueling station infrastructure continues to expand with particular growth and demand for Franklin pressure pumping and vapor recovery systems.
Turning now to the first quarter and considering the factors outlined above, we believe it will be our toughest comparison to 2014. We are anticipating low single digit growth in Water Systems sales but a low to mid-single digit percentage decline in Water Systems adjusted operating earnings.
The earnings decline is attributable to the translation effect of the strong dollar and higher raw material costs which we expect to be partially offset [by] the pricing actions that I mentioned earlier. We estimate that our fueling systems sales adjusted operating earnings will grow in the first quarter of 2015 by 8% to 10%, representing a record first quarter performance for this segment of our [business].
Overall, it makes that first quarter of 2015 adjusted earnings per share to be flat to down $0.02 when compared to the record 2014 first quarter adjusted earnings per share of $0.35. I would like now to turn the call over to John Haines, our CFO. John?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Thank you, Gregg. Our fully dilute earnings per share as reported were $0.06 for the fourth quarter 2014 versus $0.27 for the fourth quarter of 2013. As we noted in the table in the earnings release, the Company adjusted the as reported GAAP operating income and earnings per share for items that we consider not operational in nature. We believe presenting these matters in this way gives our investors a more accurate picture of the actual operational performance of the Company.
Non-GAAP expenses for the fourth quarter of 2014 were $17.6 million, and included $15.1 million in restructuring costs, primarily for the European manufacturing realignment that the Company announced on July 1, 2014. And $2.5 million of other non-GAAP expenses primarily for acquisition-related costs. The fourth quarter of 2014 non-GAAP adjustments had an EPS impact of $0.25.
The non-GAAP EPS adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2013 were a $0.03 reduction in the reported EPS. So after considering these non-GAAP items, fourth quarter of 2014 adjusted EPS is $0.31, which is up [3%] of the $0.30 adjusted EPS the Company reported in the fourth quarter of 2013.
It is worth noting that the Company estimated its fourth quarter of 2014 adjusted earnings per share was negatively impacted by $0.02 due to the translation impacts of foreign exchange. As Gregg noted we saw a significant strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus many key currencies which we do business in, including the Euro, the Brazilian Real, the South African Rand and Turkish Lira during the quarter.
[This] strengthening causes the earnings of these units to be translated back to fewer U.S. dollars. Consolidated net sales in the fourth quarter of 2014 were $253.8 million, an increase of $24.1 million, or about 10% compared to the fourth quarter of 2013 sales of $229.7 million.
The incremental impact of sales from acquired businesses was $10.4 million or about 4%. Sales revenue decreased by $10 million, or about 4%, in the fourth quarter of 2014 due to foreign currency translation.
And, as I said, the translation [effect] reduced our adjusted earnings per share by about $0.02 in the fourth quarter. The sales change in fourth quarter of 2014, excluding acquisitions and foreign currency translation, was an increase of $23.7 million, or about 10%.
Water System sales were $196.7 million in the fourth quarter 2014, an increase of $18.3 million, or about 10%, versus the fourth quarter of 2013 sales of $178.4 million. Sales from businesses acquired since the fourth quarter of 2013 were $10.4 million, or about 6%. Water Systems sales were reduced by $8.9 million, or about 5% at the quarter, due to foreign currency translation.
Water Systems sales growth, excluding acquisition and foreign currency translation, was about 9%. Water Systems operating income after non-GAAP adjustments was $21 million in the fourth quarter, a decrease of about 20% versus the fourth quarter 2013. The fourth quarter operating income margin after non-GAAP adjustments was 10.7%, down 390 basis points from 14.6% in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Water Systems adjusted operating income margin declined primarily due to increases in raw material costs, including steel and purchased components, and higher selling and marketing expenses for customer incentives supporting sales in the U.S. and Canada Water Systems units. To a lesser extent, and not as significant as in the third quarter of 2014, a sales mix shift also contributed to lower overall margins.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, ground water pumping equipment sales were about [62%] of total Water Systems sales, while in the fourth quarter of 2013 they were about [65%]. Water Systems margins also declined in the quarter due to lower margins from recently acquired units still being integrated.
Fueling Systems sales represented 22% of consolidated sales and were $57.1 million in the fourth quarter 2014, an increase of $5.8 million, or about 11%, versus the fourth quarter 2013 sales of $51.3 million.
Fueling Systems sales decreased by $1.1 million or about 2% in the quarter due to foreign currency translation. Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, Fueling Systems sales increased about [13%] compared to the fourth quarter of 2013. During the fourth quarter, Fueling Systems [shifted] about $2 million of equipment to India to partially fill a large customer order. Excluding the impact of these India sales Fueling Systems sales grew by about 10%.
Sales growth was broad-based across most product lines and regions of the world. Fueling Systems operating income after non-GAAP adjustments was $13 million in the fourth quarter of 2014, compared to $11.8 million after non-GAAP adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2013, an increase of about 10%.
Fourth quarter operating income margin after non-GAAP adjustments was 22.8%, flat for the fourth quarter [of 2014]. The increase in dollars was primarily driven by higher sales volume. The Company's consolidated gross profit was $77.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2014, an increase of $1.8 million, or about 2% from the fourth quarter of 2013 gross profit of $76 million.
Gross profit as a [percent] of net sales was 30.6% in the fourth quarter of 2014, down from 250 basis points versus 33.1% during the fourth quarter of 2013. The previously discussed items in the Water Systems segment contributed significantly to the lower gross profit margins in the quarter.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $60.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2014 compared to $52.3 million in the fourth quarter of the prior year, an increase of $7.8 million, or about 15%. The increase in SG and A expenses from acquired businesses was $2.5 million. Excluding the acquisitions, the Company's overall SG and A expenses in the fourth quarter of 2014 increased by $5.3 million, or 10%, to prior year fourth quarter.
The remaining increases in SG and A were primarily driven by higher commissions, sales, marketing and selling related costs in support of higher sales and increases in research development and engineering spending. The tax rate for the full year 2014 was 21% and in 2013 was 25.9%.
The tax rate declined in 2014 from the tax rate for 2013 primarily due to a reversal of deferred tax liabilities associated with earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries which have been realigned within the Company. The realignment of certain foreign entities resulted in their unremitted earnings being indefinitely reinvested.
The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the indefinite reinvestment of foreign earnings taxed at rates below the U.S. statutory rate, as well as recognition of foreign tax credits. The Company has the ability to indefinitely reinvest these foreign earnings based on the earnings and cash projections of its other operations, as well as cash on hand and available credit.
The full year 2015 rate is estimated to be about 24%. The Company ends the fourth quarter of 2014 with a cash balance of $59.1 million, which was $75.5 million lower than at the end of 2013. The cash balance decrease is primarily attributable to increased working capital needs and completed acquisitions.
The Company had no borrowings on its revolving debt facilities at the end of the fourth quarter 2014 or at the end of the fourth quarter of 2013. The Company purchased about 40,000 shares of its common stock for approximately $1.4 million in the open market during the fourth quarter of 2014. This brings our total share repurchases in 2014 to about $243,000.
The total remaining authorized shares that may be repurchased is about 870,000 shares. This concludes our prepared remarks. And we would like -- we would now like to turn the call over for questions.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Our first question comes from Joe Ratigan of KeyBanc. Your line is now open.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Thank you. Good morning, guys. First on pricing. On average, what was the magnitude of the list price increases that you've passed? And then what's the timing of when those go into effect?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
There is a big span around that average, Joe, depending on the market, the international market, the product, the currency environment, the raw material inflation environment. Generally, we would say that our price increases are between 250 and 300 basis points.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. And has that already gone into effect, John, or is that the end of the -- what's the timing around that?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Some have gone into effect and some have not. What we generally do is try to raise prices, Joe, only once a year. So there's quite a bit of thinking about what is the right timing for that. Some of our units raise prices in December. Some of our units won't raise the price until this month or later in the quarter in advance of the strong northern hemisphere selling season.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. And then for the water, in terms of the water margin, you mentioned that was impacted by increased customer incentives. Is that related to the annual purchase targets of your customers or is that something else that you're talking about?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Joe, as we are continuing to reset our distribution in North American markets, we are into heavy activity around promotions of the products, and so it's more related to that than to year-end buys or targets to year-end buys, which would be carried as net sales. That would be netted out in the sales, not (inaudible).
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. So on a -- And sticking with margin, on a sequential basis it sounds like revenue is going to be down modestly, sequentially fourth quarter to first quarter. But operating income and operating margin is going to be up on a sequential basis.
There's a lot of moving parts here between mix, raw materials, acquisition revenue, the higher customer incentives. In terms of those buckets, what's going to change to where you're going to see an increase in margin on a sequential basis in water?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Joe, what we said for the water side was that we believe that the growth will be in the low to mid-single digits after considering everything, [effects] and the acquisitions and everything else. We do think that sequentially our margins, our operating income in water will improve but we think it will be down versus the first quarter of 2014 mainly because of many of these same factors.
Now, the mix shift, which was a smaller factor in the fourth quarter, is difficult to predict. But we know the distribution reset in the U.S. will continue. We know that we're going to have to get past these raw material increases and let these price increases that we have just discussed start to take effect. But, generally, we see, sequentially, that our water operating income will improve, but it will still be below the first quarter last year.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. And then you mentioned -- you mentioned share. What did the industry in North America grow? I think you've given that number in the past from industry data. I'm just trying to -- it sounds like you're pretty comfortable that you're maintaining share even in the midst of this whole reset. So can you give some data or color around that?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Yes. Our sense is that it grew a couple percent. Again, we had weakness. It's been well reported around the AG states. But the residential, where we have probably better numbers, I'd say it grew a [couple percent]. But I'd say the AG business, overall, was off for the year. Again, [you got to remember], we had a couple years of really strong drought in large parts of the [region] and the country.
And, while the drought continued in California, during -- through the center of the country, the growing areas of the country, heavy AG areas, there just wasn't a call for a lot of replacement products. So our industry numbers are more tilted to the residential side. And there we'd say it was a [couple percent] growth.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. And last question for me. In terms of Pioneer, that grew over 10% in North America versus a pretty tough comp, I think. How should we think about -- and it sounds like you're making some headway there in Europe, as well. How should we think about the growth trajectory of that dewatering business in 2015?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
As we look at it, Pioneer is going to be the product line that is most impacted by the decline in oil prices. A large portion of the Pioneer product line is -- goes into rental fleets and is used out in the oil fields for the transfer of water. And so that is going to be the headwind that we've called out related to the oil and gas pricing.
So while we're making progress around the world and generally outside of the rental fleet space, the headwind of the oil and gas reduction far outweighs that. Robert, would you like to add to that?
Robert Stone - SVP, President
I think you've covered it, Gregg. The issue is, Joe, that our customers that have rental fleets have seen a lot of equipment come back from the oil and gas areas, the upstream development, because of gas prices now -- or oil prices. I'm sorry. And until that turns around, we're going to have a rather soft time, especially in North America, for Pioneer.
Having said that, we think, with the outsourcing we did last year, that impact in margins we ought to be able to improve margins slightly in Pioneer, even on lower volume as we go forward.
Joe Ratigan - Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Ryan O'Donnell of Robert W. Baird. Your line is now opened.
Ryan O'Donnell - Analyst
Good morning, guys. This is Ryan on for Mike.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Good morning, Ryan.
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Good morning.
Ryan O'Donnell - Analyst
Could you just provide a little more color on what you're seeing competitively here in the U.S.? And how the new distribution changes in the central U.S. kind of play into this?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Well, anytime you go through a change in your customer base, you're just going to have a lumpy, uneven order pattern as -- you got to remember the (inaudible) we're bringing on are maybe selling off other inventory that they were carrying. Distributors that we were supplying are also then rebalancing their inventory.
So it's been a little bumpy. In the center of the country we just saw that we weren't getting the support that we were looking for, hoping for, from our large, [formally] national distributor -- our former distributors' natural [and] international footprint.
So we decided to make some changes there. So it's going to be -- continue to be bumpy, we expect, for the next couple quarters until the season kicks in and the market is reset.
Ryan O'Donnell - Analyst
Okay. Great. And then I know you guys mentioned kind of elevated inventory levels, particularly in AG last quarter, and kind of expected that to last a few quarters. Can you just provide an update there and how we look into 2015?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Again, this is anecdotal information, feedback from the field. We'd say that when you get into the center of the country, particularly you get into west Texas, which is a heavy user of ground water, submersible pumping systems, that there's a pretty big inventory in the field there because of market conditions, because of the competitive nature, a lot of products on the shelf.
If you go out to the west where it's been dry, [it's] been pretty good through put. If you go out to the east I'd [just] say you have -- Generally speaking, the east is probably pretty balanced. Again, the northeast is under a lot of snow.
Last year other parts of the country were under a lot of snow. But we'd say that, outside of maybe the west Texas and central regions, inventory levels look to be fairly normal.
Ryan O'Donnell - Analyst
Okay. And then lastly from me. On the [cold] (inaudible) methane opportunity, obviously a small piece, but just curious how that's playing, given the oil and gas price declines we're seeing. Any update there?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Yes. To your point, [with] low gas prices, the focus on investing in the new wells and the new holes has, obviously, declined. And, therefore, what we were doing, as well, we continued to look to develop and to sell our products in the North American market. We have traction here in North America. We have turned our focus to China, India, Indonesia and Turkey.
Gas prices are higher. The needs are acute. The interest, while, again, we're selling units in the orders of ones and twos and fives and tens but it is low. We're not getting a lot of dollar volume out of this but we think that those are markets that are going to be much more active going forward just because gas isn't something you can easily transport around the world like oil. So that's the focus.
Ryan O'Donnell - Analyst
Alright. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from [David Rose] of Wedbush Securities. Your line is now opened.
James Kim - Analyst
Good morning. This is actually James Kim calling in for David.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Good morning, James. How are you?
James Kim - Analyst
Good. Good. So clarification on the higher selling and marketing costs. Obviously, you stated it was mainly due to the distributer reset. And I just want to clarify that you expect a similar level of spending increase in the first half as a result of you continuing your efforts resetting your distribution in the central region.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Well, again, I think the reset of the central region would be smaller in overall dollar volume than the action that we took west of the Rockies, east of the Mississippi. We expect also that, generally, the heavier promotional activities will begin to abate.
We're prepared to do it. We're going to do what it takes to maintain our position in the marketplace. But I would expect that, over time, that it's going to become sequentially less of an impact.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay. And so the higher expense was mainly impacted by the distributor, you said? Right? There wasn't anything else?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Yes. It was focused, particularly in the U.S., what we call pro channel market.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay. On the water systems margins, obviously you've got the headwinds from (inaudible) [costs], lower margin acquisitions and also the distributor reset. But you've also got some benefits coming from bringing the production of your Pioneer pumps in-house.
And, as you talked about in your script, benefits from European restructuring. So based on those, what should we expect, going forward -- sort of a normalized level of margins for Water Systems? I know we've been talking about 2013 levels being sort of the normalized levels, excluding all these headwinds.
But is that still the case? Or would you expect that, given acquisitions and all these other factors, our expectations might be a little bit lower now?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
James, what I would say is, and what we've discussed in the past, is that our water segment in total is basically a [16%] to [18%] (inaudible) margin segment. In 2013, it was [17.1%]. It dropped in 2014 to about 15%. When we have favorable mix, higher concentrations of ground water pumping equipment, you'll see that margin go beyond that.
And when we have unfavorable mix you'll see it start to drop below that kind of 16% entry point. So what we would say is our expectation for 2015 is to get back in that range. We, as Gregg said, think the unsettledness, this choppiness that's going on in the U.S. market with the distributor reset ought to play its way out over the first couple quarters.
We cannot predict weather, of course. We feel very good about most of our international units in terms of what they're doing. We have the price increases. So we see margin rebound in 2015 for sure. And we would expect to see ourselves back in that historic [range] where water (inaudible).
James Kim - Analyst
And another question on your expectations for Pioneer and your expectation, obviously, with oil prices and the market dynamics now. [You're] expecting those businesses to be impacted but does the lower oil prices -- John, you and I talked about this following the last quarter, too. But does that affect your fueling business at all? And have you seen any of that in the quarter?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
I would make the following observation. Lower oil prices will increase the demand for oil for use in passenger vehicles and other vehicles that use fuel, either gasoline or diesel. So that would, generally, play well to expansion, or more rapid expansion, of infrastructure, which would be good for the business.
Keeping in mind that the fueling business is not one that turns on and turns off. You have to plan gas stations and construction. But I'd say that lower oil prices would generally be a positive for fueling at the margin.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay. And you've -- is that something you've been seeing yet? Or is that too early to say at this point?
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
We don't have industry data or data that we could turn to to say that is -- has a measurable impact. Again, you think about prices drop rather dramatically in the last several months.
And so if you're going to see increased demand for use of vehicles, particularly outside the United States and the developing world, people moving to the middle class, a higher standard of living, opportunity to own a vehicle and to use fuel, it will be, I think, a natural outcome. But I wouldn't expect it to be measured in months. [More] measured in quarters.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay. And my last question. On tax rates, I know you guys talked about a lot of tax planning you guys have been doing to benefit from that. Is the expected tax rate for 2015 still in the 25%, 27% range?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Yes. It's about 24% now, James, is what we've guided to.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay.
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
But we did a lot of -- we did a lot of these realignments and subsidiary realignments in the fourth quarter. We had a big benefit of that from that in the fourth quarter. Some of that will continue into 2015 but not nearly as much as what we saw in the fourth quarter. So we think right now a 24% effective rate for 2015 is a safe guess. And we'll update you quarterly if that changes.
James Kim - Analyst
Okay. Thank you for your time.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our final question comes from Edward Marshall, Sidoti and Company. Your line is now opened.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
Good morning, Gregg. Good morning, John. Sorry to make you talk back there. Sounds like you're suffering pretty bad.
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Sorry to put you through that pain. And everybody else [who's] involved.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
My -- I wanted to look at the order book for a second, if I could. I want to look at the spring and summer agriculture season as we move into that season. I just want to get an understanding or sense from you how that might be shaping up, especially if we've had wetter North American winter. And I think that with acreage planted declining into 2015, I just wanted to get your sense as to what you expect that order book and maybe how it's developing so far this year.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Ed, in our business it's all about availability. The reason it's all about availability is that our visibility and order book is days and weeks out. It's not really months out, outside of the Pioneer business, which has a -- typically operates from a backlog.
So it's more -- Again, we talk to our contractors. We talk to our distributors. We get their feedback. And based on that is how we then can give you guys some guidance as to how we see business unfolding. And that's why we have [lowered] our guidance to a quarterly basis.
With all that said, with eight feet of snow up in Boston, when that snow melts there's going to be a lot of need for dewatering, some pump activity. We have a (inaudible) that would be good for our Little Giant branded product lines and for our [SSE] line or some (inaudible) lines.
And I'd say potentially similar, kind of, to last year where we had a lot of snow but more in the middle of the country. With respect to crop prices and AG in general, obviously, the irrigation companies are confronted with a much larger decline because people are not necessarily putting in new systems.
I can understand that when crop prices are down. Farmers are looking to hold off on putting in new systems. But they've got to continue to service their existing systems. We are pleased to see that, after a very soft third quarter and the AG business down 16%, that we saw our fourth quarter, while down, rebounded really fairly strongly from the third quarter to only down 2% in the AG space.
So I think that, again, supports the idea that we have that 80%, plus or minus, of our products are replacement products or are used in replacement situations, emergency replacements. And so we think that, generally speaking, we should have another decent year.
But to John's point earlier, and I pointed out with our Brazilian business, when you have a dry market, like we were seeing in Brazil, up 23% year-over-year, when it's dry people need pumps and they need water. And so [if] we have a dry year, it can push that number way up. If we have another damp year like we had in 2014, it will be muted.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
Okay. And I wanted to talk about maybe the distribution conversion a little bit further, if I could. I'm just curious what's creating the dislocation? It's a small part of your business, I think, that you're converting. And I originally thought that you had mentioned that you would destock with one distributor, in particular, and then restock with another.
Are you having to displace another manufacturer? Are the sales force -- the sales force of that distributor, are they accepting your product instead of the other manufacturers? And is it a matter of educating?
These questions, specifically, come to mind as you talk about maybe higher selling expenses. And I'm just kind of curious as to how they -- acceptance of the product line is going so far [with] that distributor.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Sure. We'll go back. In early last year, about this time last year, we made the decision to change our distribution footprint west of the Rockies and east of the Mississippi. And that change actually didn't occur. We announced it early in the year. It didn't occur until the third quarter.
And so, at that time, we were bringing on new distribution, and our prior relationship with our prior distributor no longer buying after July 15th in those regions. Now, our products are well known in the marketplace and the distributors that we brought back on were distributors that handled our products in the past. So there's not a lack of familiarity with the products.
But when you're in a market that's soft, particularly in the AG business as we've discussed, you're going to have incentives, you're going to use incentives to encourage people to switch. People have loyalty to the product. They also have relationships with distributors.
And so you're going to work hard to get those new relationships started so when the contractor is driving their truck down the road that they turn into a distributor that carries your product as compared to the distributor that used to carry your products. So you have those switching costs that you're going to incur.
It is true that the additional steps we're taking here in the first quarter of this year is of a smaller -- it impacts a smaller dollar volume than the one we took last year. And so it will be, in that respect, smaller. But still you have -- Yes, you're encouraging people to change who they pick up your product from, and that takes additional effort and focus.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
And then I guess, finally, if I could, we talked a bit about the acquisition pipeline. But I guess you have another 30% of Pioneer to acquire in Q1 2015. And as I look at the business, and you've said yourself that it's showing some signs of weakness, how does that develop from here?
And you bring an additional 30% of the business on to the balance sheet. What are your plans for further acquisitions this year? Is it -- Just if you can help me out there.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Yes. Sure. I mean, the Pioneer 30%, as you pointed out, that's a commitment that's been made, that is formulaic. And the closing will occur here on that piece in the next couple of weeks or months. With respect to our pipeline, again, this is a situation in our business where many of the businesses we acquire we have known the owners of the businesses for many years.
And we just want to let them know that as their needs change, as their plans, their family businesses typically change, as they look at their own needs and their financial plans, we want them to give us a call. When they give us a call is not always on our schedule. It's on their schedule.
So there are deals that come across the (inaudible) of companies we may not be as familiar with, and then there are deals that are in our -- down the fair way for us, is the terminology we use. And those, we stay in contact with owners. And if the owner's view changes then, potentially, an acquisition will be made.
But the timing is difficult. So we continue to see a lot of activity. We're interested in doing more deals. We have the low leverage. We have the capability of doing them. But the timing is always unpredictable.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
Okay. And maybe if I could squeeze one more in here. I know I've asked a few. But when I look at -- In your prepared remarks you talk about raw material costs being higher and you mentioned steel. And I'm just curious because you look at the steel industries, these steel prices have come down really significantly this year.
And I'm just -- What specifically are you buying? And especially as we're seeing a lot of imports of steel into the U.S., that's pressuring the prices. So is it a special alloy that you're buying that goes into the pumps? Or what's causing the higher raw material prices?
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
Yes. The primary steel that we're buying in is rolled steel, stainless steel, the magnetic steel that's made that's used for the laminations in our product. And when we looked at our major components of purchases from the main time frame up through, really, October, we saw a very consistent trend of higher prices to the previous year's average.
The good news is, is that we've started to see that turn over in the last couple months and go lower. Now, one commodity we have seen lower and been consistently lower is copper, which is a good thing for us.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
Right.
John Haines - VP, CFO, Secretary
But when we think about how that flows through our cost of goods sold and the way our inventories turn, that increase that we saw over the summer months, a good portion of that came home in the cost of goods sold in the fourth quarter. And that, really, is what drove some of these negative price variances and the lower gross profit and lower operating income margins in water.
Another area is on purchased components, right. So we've seen inflation, some inflation in Chinese purchased components. We've seen some inflation in major suppliers in Brazil that we buy finished product from, finished rotors or other finish components from.
So all of that is contributing to this. And, again, a little bit in front of our price increases. And I think the one positive is that when we look at all this on an input basis, we're starting to see it turn the other direction.
Edward Marshall - Analyst
Okay. Alright, guys. Thanks very much.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And at this time I'm not showing any further questions. I'd like to turn the call back to management for any closing comments.
Gregg Sengstack - President, CEO
Again, thank you for listening to our fourth quarter earnings call. We look forward to speaking to you after the first quarter. Have a good day.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This does conclude today's program and you may all disconnect. Everyone have a wonderful day.