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Operator
Hello, and welcome to today's EverQuote's Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Bailey, and I'll be the moderator for today's call.
(Operator Instructions) I would now like to pass the conference over to our host, Brinlea Johnson. So please go ahead when you're ready.
Brinlea C. Johnson - MD
Thank you. Good afternoon, and welcome to EverQuote's third quarter 2022 earnings call. We'll be discussing the results announced in our press release issued today after the market closed. With me on the call this afternoon is Jayme Mendal, Evercore's Chief Executive Officer; and John Wagner, Chief Financial Officer of EverQuote.
During the call, we will make statements related to our business that may be considered forward-looking statements under Federal Securities Laws, including statements concerning our financial guidance for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, our growth strategy and our plans to execute on our growth strategy, key initiatives, including our direct-to-consumer agency, our investments in the business, the growth drivers we expect to drive our business, our ability to maintain existing and acquire new customers, our expectations regarding recovery of the auto insurance industry, our recent acquisitions and our goals for integrations and other statements regarding our plans and prospects.
Forward-looking statements may be identified with words and phrases such as we expect, we believe, we intend, we anticipate, we plan, may, upcoming and similar words and phrases. These statements reflect our views only as of today and should not be considered our views as of any subsequent date. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Forward-looking statements are not promises or guarantees of future performance and are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from our expectations. For a discussion of material risks and other important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations, please refer to those contained under the heading Risk Factors in our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on the Investor Relations section of our website at investor.everquote.com and on the SEC's website at sec.gov.
Finally, during the course of today's call, we refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe are helpful to investors. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in the press release we issued after the market closed today, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at investors.everquote.com.
And with that, I'll turn it over to you, Jayme.
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Brinlea, and thank you all for joining us today. Third quarter performance demonstrated our continued agility as we quickly adapted our operations to a changing environment and exceeded expectations across our 3 primary financial KPIs, producing revenue of $103.2 million, variable marketing margin or VMM of $31.8 million and adjusted EBITDA of $2 million, despite ongoing headwinds in the auto insurance industry.
The state of the auto insurance market remains unsettled. In August, we began to see the first major carrier return to more normalized historical spending patterns as they started to restore rates and profitability to their desired levels. While this positive dynamic drove better than expected Q3 performance, Hurricane Ian expected to be among the largest loss events in history, has put significant incremental downward pressure on the market and on carriers marketing spend through year end. As a result, we continue to expect the bulk of the auto recovery to materialize in 2023.
Despite a challenging backdrop, we executed well in Q3 and continued to make progress on several fronts across our business. On the consumer side of the marketplace, we grew consumer volume by 27% year-on-year through strong execution from our customer acquisition teams. On the provider side of our marketplace, agent-oriented distribution channels continue to demonstrate relative strength and resilience. Feedback from multiple carrier partners indicates that EverQuote is the largest and highest performing referral partner to their local agents. In addition, data suggests EverQuote has gained market share since the start of the downturn, and we also continue to make strides on longer-term strategic initiatives.
Our direct-to-consumer agency or DTCA, continues to perform well. However, we have moderated agent headcount growth relative to earlier plans as part of tighter company-wide operating expense management efforts and in order to prioritize improving our unit economics to further scaling. While these changes come at the expense of near-term revenue growth, including our in our health vertical in Q4, we believe that it is the appropriate trade-off as we seek to build a durable long-term model for our DTCA operations that delivers appropriate financial returns on our capital investment.
We have been able to navigate efficiently through this period by maintaining disciplined expense management. In our ad spend, customer acquisition teams and systems are continuously adjusting bids in real time to maximize margin as carrier demand shifts. In our operating expenses, we continue to drive productivity enhancements and efficiencies across the entire organization. We believe that these improvements have positioned us to maintain positive adjusted EBITDA for 2022.
In closing, we maintain conviction in our strategy and team and believe we are well positioned looking ahead to 2023. Now in our second year of the auto downturn, we have leaned out operations, advanced our strategy and gained market share. We believe these factors bode well for our future as the auto carrier market recovers. I grow more confident by the day that we are on the path to building an industry-defining company. This long-term vision is to become the largest online source of insurance policies by combining data, tech and knowledgeable advisers to make insurance simpler, more affordable and personalized.
Now I'll turn the call over to John to provide more details on our financial results.
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
Thank you, Jayme, and good afternoon, everyone. I'll start by discussing our financial results for the third quarter and then provide guidance for the fourth quarter and updated guidance for the full year 2022. I'm pleased to report that we exceeded our prior guidance on all our key metrics this quarter and have raised guidance for the full year 2022.
Total revenue for Q3 was $103.2 million, a decline of 4% year-over-year and above our guidance range provided last quarter, as strong growth in consumer volume nearly offset reductions in monetization that resulted from the auto insurance industry downturn. Within the auto insurance vertical, carrier demand remains at low levels due to the industry pullback in carrier spending. However, we experienced some stability in demand within the quarter and a notable increase in consumer acquisition activity by one major carrier. Though limited, we were encouraged by the first instance of a carrier increasing spending on consumer acquisition after achieving adequate rate increases.
Consumer volumes increased significantly again this quarter with year-over-year growth consistent with that of Q2. These consumer volume gains largely offset lower monetization and resulted in revenue in our auto insurance vertical decreasing only 2% year-over-year to $88.1 million. We drove more volume at lower costs due to continued nimble consumer acquisition and an industry reported increase in consumer shopping behavior in reaction to premium increases.
Revenue from our other insurance verticals, which includes home and renters, life and health insurance, decreased 16% year-over-year to $15.1 million for the third quarter and represented 15% of revenue. The decline was caused by a combination of lower demand in certain verticals and a proactive reduction in dedicated resources to align our cost structure with the current market conditions. Within Health DTCA, revenue growth slowed as expected based on planned moderation in agent growth and our emphasis on seeking to optimize unit economics and improve cash usage of DTCA.
Variable Marketing Margin or VMM, defined as revenue less advertising expense, was $31.8 million for the third quarter, above our guidance range provided last quarter. VMM improvement was due to the stabilization and targeted improvement in auto carrier demand, combined with disciplined execution and a decreasing cost insurance advertising landscape.
Turning to our bottom line. GAAP net loss was $6.5 million in the third quarter and adjusted EBITDA was a positive $2 million, exceeding our guidance range provided last quarter. Our favorable VMM performance translated directly into adjusted EBITDA as we have continued to manage operating expenses tightly and look for opportunities to reduce expenses. Last year, we were early in recognizing how the auto insurance downturn would affect demand within our marketplace and immediately took steps to reduce costs to align with the anticipated impact. This has also been an ongoing process through 2022, and the result is most evident in achieving positive adjusted EBITDA this quarter and in each quarter this year despite the auto insurance downturn.
We ended the third quarter with cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet of $36.6 million. During the quarter, we used $3.5 million in operating cash, primarily to fund DTCA operations, which we expect will continue to use cash in Q4 and at a slightly higher rate due to the annual enrollment season.
Turning to our outlook. We expect that the insurance losses caused by Hurricane Ian will further impact carrier demand in Q4. Historically, carriers react to hurricanes by pausing consumer acquisition efforts in our marketplace in the affected areas, both immediately prior to and after variance loss. Ian is having a more regional and prolonged effect due to the magnitude of losses. We expect the hurricanes impact on carrier demand in the auto insurance vertical to continue through Q4.
Within our health vertical, we expect lower revenue from this annual enrollment season as compared to last year. Our focus on optimizing the economics of our DTCA operations will lead to fewer agents year-over-year. Lastly, we anticipate that maintaining cost efficiencies in both ad spend and operating expenses will benefit adjusted EBITDA, and we've reflected this in our guide as follows: for Q4, we expect revenue to be between 87 and $92 million, a year-over-year decrease of 12% at the midpoint. We expect VMM in the quarter to be between 27 and $30 million, a year-over-year decrease of 13% at the midpoint. And we expect adjusted EBITDA to be between negative $1.5 million and positive $1.5 million, with a midpoint similar to the prior year period.
For the full year, we are raising our guidance for VMM and adjusted EBITDA as a result of our stronger than expected Q3 performance and our focus on operating efficiencies. We expect revenue to be between 403 and $408 million, a slight increase at the midpoint from our previous guidance of between 400 and $410 million. We expect VMM to be between 126 and $129 million, a 7% increase at the midpoint from our previous guidance of between 116 and $122 million. We expect positive adjusted EBITDA of between 4 and $7 million, up from our previous guidance of between negative $7 million and negative $1 million.
In summary, although we remain in a challenging period, we delivered results better than our guidance for the third quarter, raised expectations for the full year 2022 and reestablished our target of full year positive adjusted EBITDA. We believe we have reacted to extraordinary market conditions by taking aggressive actions that balance revenue generation, cost control and balance sheet management, positioning us well for an expected market recovery in 2023. Next year, we look forward to more favorable auto insurance industry conditions, a return to revenue growth and improving positive adjusted EBITDA.
Jayme and I will now answer your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question today comes from the line of Ralph Schackart from William Blair.
Ralph Edward Schackart - Partner & Technology Analyst
Great. Two, if I could, please. Jayme, on the call, it sounded like you had one major carrier customer that came in, and unfortunately, with Hurricane Ian, the carriers are out for Q4. But maybe if you could provide some perspective and so the nature of your conversations as you think through 2023 and how the carrier conversations are going? Should we expect them to come back at least on some level in 2023? It sounds like the guidance -- or I'm sorry, you discussed 2023 returning to growth here, but I just love your perspective on that, then I have a follow-up.
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Sure. Thanks, Ralph. So the leading edge of the recovery is somewhat beginning to take shape as expected in Q3. So if you recall, we had this earlier moving cohort of carriers that immediately raise rates, pull back on ad spend and then the expectation was that as they got rate adequacy, they would return to more normalized spending patterns on customer acquisition. And then you have this later moving cohort of carriers that sort of going through the same process, but several quarters were moved. What we saw in Q3 was signs of the sort of leading carrier begin to recover as we would have expected. And so we saw rates increase profitability, return to target levels and subsequently spending return to more normalized historical patterns. And then, of course, the hurricane hit and it's likely thrown that off course for the balance of the year, but the recovery was beginning to materialize as we had expected.
With respect to the balance of the carriers, the majority of them have not yet achieved rate adequacy and have not yet begun to lean in the same way. And so consistent with our expectations, we would expect to anticipate seeing the balance of the carriers recovering into 2023. And what we're planning for right now and the data that we have would suggest is a gradual recovery over the course of 2023. So a step-up from Q4 into Q1 and then a gradual recovery over the course of the year, where you see 2024 getting back to more normalized historical levels in aggregate.
Ralph Edward Schackart - Partner & Technology Analyst
Okay. That's really helpful. Maybe a follow-up for John. John, I think in the prepared remarks, you talked about 2023 positive EBITDA or some commentary around that. Just sort of confirming that's what I heard, A? And then B, just maybe philosophically, how are you thinking about OpEx in this environment? Would you protect profitability going into 2023, if there's any sort of further stiffening macro headwinds or further carrier headwinds?
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
Sure. So I guess, looking back on Q3, I think that's a demonstration that we are focused on operating expenses and efficiency and making sure that when we see upside in VMM as we did in Q3, that we're being pretty disciplined about operating expenses and allowing that to flow down to adjusted EBITDA. In terms of -- as we move forward, we continue to think we'll hold that stance going into 2023, we think it's a period of increased adjusted EBITDA. We're very pleased that we're able to move kind of the full year target for '22 to overall positive EBITDA for the year. As we go into 2023, we think we'll expand on that with the gradual recovery that Jayme spoke of within the auto insurance industry.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Michael Graham from Canaccord.
Michael Patrick Graham - MD & Senior Equity Analyst
I have 2 questions for you. The first one is just at a high level. I know you're not guiding for next year, but there are 2 things that could impact the way you're thinking about next year. One is the possibility of a recession. Just wondering how you would expect in generic terms of your business to respond to that if it were to come to pass. And similarly, I think there's this dynamic where carriers like to set budgets for the New Year, before it starts and we're sort of not yet at that rate adequacy milestone, Jayme, that you mentioned. So I'm just wondering, how you're thinking about those 2 dynamics? And then I have a quick follow-up.
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Sure. So with respect to our expectations in the event of a recession, I think historically, you would look at this business as being somewhat insulated from recessionary pressures for a number of reasons. The first would be, as consumers are looking for savings, insurance tends to be a top 3 to 5 line item on the personal income statement. And so they've been conditioned to shop and seek insurance savings as one tactic to address any shortfalls in income. And so we expect to see shopping behavior elevated in the event that there is continued economic pressure out there. The second is, if you think about what is causing a lot of the rates -- the loss issues for the carriers in the first place, it is severity of claims, so the cost to repair and replace vehicles. And one of the big drivers of that is the cost of vehicles. So used and new car prices factor in as significantly to the loss pressures that carriers are experiencing.
In the event of recession and the prolonged period of higher interest rates, we would expect to see demand for vehicles come down and therefore, subsequently pricing of both new and used cars coming down, which could alleviate some of the loss pressures on carriers and therefore, stimulate carrier demand and monetization in the marketplace. And so I think, if you're looking for a relatively safe bet in the event of a recession, the business is relatively well insulated from that.
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
And Michael, on the second part of that question, we do generally see carriers set budgets on an annual basis. We often see them managing to combined ratios on a full year basis. So I think even in this past year, we saw some increase in demand coming into Q1. And again, as Jayme had mentioned, we expect that there's no difference this year. We expect a sequential increase going into Q1, not only in revenue, but also in demand coming out of auto. That is partially because of the earlier movers in terms of the carriers and setting rates. And part of that is, over the course of the year, they will manage that combined ratio, considering the full year. And I think even the other carriers that are not on the vanguard of rates, I think, all carriers at this point have taken a fair amount of rate. And so I think you're -- as much as we saw an early mover come back to acquiring within the quarter, I think you're starting to see all carriers advance rates to a point where they're anticipating what the losses are they're seeing. So there's a possibility that we'll see all carriers gradually return to a more normalized acquisition behavior over the course of '23.
Michael Patrick Graham - MD & Senior Equity Analyst
Yes, that was going to be -- thank you for that, John. That was going to be kind of a follow-up was just that you've got this unfortunate Ian impact, but how that's happening, I think you've got a lot of carriers trying to get closer to rate adequacy. And I was just going to ask if you could characterize sort of how close some of the other ones were, but you basically just did and said they were pretty far along. So I'm not sure if you want to amplify that or not, but that's all for me.
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
I guess the only amplification I would add would be that we were encouraged by a sign of a carrier that had gotten to rate adequacy and then behaved in a way that we had anticipated, which is return to acquisition mode and return to the marketplace. And so as much as Hurricane Ian has interrupted that, we're encouraged by the kind of the behavior of that carrier as representative of what happens in a recovery.
Operator
Your next question today comes from the line of Dan Day from B. Riley Securities.
Daniel Paul Day - Research Analyst
So just curious what kind of trends you're seeing as far as actual -- I know you stopped providing the quote request number every quarter. Just actual traffic was in the marketplace would be great just directionally. You hit on it already, but you're thinking a softening economic environment, maybe insurance shopping activity would tick up. I'm just wondering if you guys are starting to see that and more people landing in the marketplace. Any commentary on that would be great.
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
Sure, Dan. So certainly, the biggest driver in this past quarter was volume increases. So Jayme mentioned we saw about a 27% increase, I think it was in quote request that. And that's pretty consistent with Q2 of this year as well. So we've seen an uptick in volume. A component of that uptick is the fact that we are doing a good job executing into a more favorable advertising environment within insurance. And then I think there's probably a component of that, which is as expected consumers are starting to shop for insurance. We know that many carriers making 15% to 20% rate increases in the rearview mirror leading up to now. And so I think you've got consumers who are opening their renewal envelopes and seeing those rate increases and looking to shop. So we are seeing good traction in terms of consumer volume. That's now been a couple of quarters in a row, and we expect that to continue. And that I think is exciting for us because we think it positions us well going into 2023 as we're picking up volume and share with consumers, we think we carry that into '23, where the demand returns gradually from the carriers and the consumers are already in the marketplace.
Daniel Paul Day - Research Analyst
That's great. Most of my -- the other question I had mostly revolved around like OpEx below the VMM line, and it's mostly been answered. I guess just if I look at your last 10-Q, you had around 670 full time employees. Can you just comment on whether that number is materially different today or just given the different strategy with the DTCA here?
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
Yes, I would probably break things into 2 components. Certainly, outside of DTCA, we are continuing to look for efficiencies. And we've -- and that's really been an ongoing process for the past year for us within DTCA specifically with our first-party agents, especially within health, we're seeing lower numbers of agents in Q4 of this year. And so that's kind of why we gave some color into what we expect out of the health vertical, specifically, because we do expect to have a fewer number of agents in Q4. So it's modest declines really in both categories.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Aaron Kessler from Raymond James.
Alexander Bolton - Research Associate
This is Alex Bolton on for Aaron Kessler. Just had a question on VMM, I guess, going higher there. Can you break out how much efficiency you're seeing in advertising as a result of the favorable kind of ad environment versus maybe a pullback in DTCA?
John Brandon Wagner - CFO & Treasurer
I'll take that, Alex. I would say, if I contrast Q3 against Q2. Q2, we talked about our performance there, mostly being driven by ad spend efficiencies within our own ad spend as well as overall kind of a more favorable environment. I'd say as you get to Q3, our VMM achievement there was a combination of slightly stronger revenue per quote request than we anticipated, so some return of demand in Q3 and in addition, good execution against that more favorable advertising landscape. So really in Q3, it was a combination of factors with a little more improvement in demand.
Alexander Bolton - Research Associate
Okay. And then one other question. I guess there was one carrier that came out recently saying that they were making cuts to their marketing team and putting their agency under review. I guess, have you seen any impacts from that carrier?
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
The -- so the carrier that I think you're characterizing is in the later moving cohort sort of I would separate the 2 cohorts. And so as a result, they have been meaningfully drawn back over the course of the year. And therefore, the changes that they announced if I'm thinking of the same one as you haven't affected us materially relative to our expectations.
Operator
The next question today comes from the line of Cory Carpenter from J.P. Morgan.
Unidentified Analyst
This is Danny (inaudible) on for Cory Carpenter, I just have one question. After Q4, can you maybe frame the longer-term growth rate you're targeting for DTCA and if any of your longer-term objectives has changed after this quarter?
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Sure. I guess as we look forward, DTCA is still something that we're very excited about in the business. We think it is a big driver of growth for our other verticals as well as even within auto. So I don't think things have changed an awful lot for DTCA. I think what we've made clear is our growth expectations for DTCA will be with them providing with DTCA operations providing kind of the economics that we require out of that business. We expect that, that business ultimately contributes more to VMM and ultimately to adjusted EBITDA. And so I think you would expect us to scale that business. But first, assuring that we're achieving those economics, and that's been what we've been focused on this year and going into Q4.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) The next question today comes from the line of Mayank Tandon from Needham & Company.
Samuel J. Salvas - Research Analyst
This is Sam Salvas on for Mayank tonight. Nice results here. Most of my questions have already been asked, but I got a couple of quick ones. I wanted to touch on the other verticals that dipped this quarter. Could you guys talk a little bit more about what's going on here and maybe how we should think about this segment in the coming quarters? Was this really mostly a headcount issue? Or is there anything else going on here?
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Yes. Thanks, Sam. So to put into context, the non-auto verticals have grown significantly over the last few years to reach 15%, 20% or so of revenue recently. This year, we are managing the business holistically with an eye towards profitability and towards unit economics. And as a result, that has -- they had an impact on non-auto on a couple of fronts. The first, as you mentioned, is we have moderated agent headcount growth relative to earlier plans as part of company-wide operating expense management efforts. And that impact will be most pronounced in Q4. And we have diverted some investments away from active management of non-auto verticals, particularly in life insurance just as we flow our resources to the areas, where we see the highest near-term opportunity. That's been compounded by some headwinds in the home insurance market. So the home insurance market is not impervious to the inflationary pressures on losses that we're seeing in auto and as a result, we've seen some softening in demand there. The combination of all those things is what has really driven the recent results in the non-auto verticals. As we look ahead in Q4, we would expect this to persist. But long-term, we continue to believe that non-auto will be an important growth lever for the business. And moreover, it's really core to our value proposition of becoming the one-stop shop for insurance. And so we see them as a big part of our future, but there are some near-term headwinds.
Samuel J. Salvas - Research Analyst
Got it. That's super helpful. And then just a quick follow-up. You kind of mentioned it there answering that question. But could you guys give any color on how we could think about some of these operating expenses going into 2023, given you guys have tightened the belt over the past few quarters and will next quarter as well?
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
Yes. So I think you could expect that we'll continue to make sure that our performance first goes to returning us to adjusted EBITDA. So as we see carriers come back into the marketplace, we've said that we are committed to getting back to previous levels of adjusted EBITDA sooner rather than later. And so I think you would expect us to continue to manage operating expenses quite tightly. As we do that, we will then also, as we always have, make decisions around investing for growth. But first, I think you'd expect us to get back to those previous levels of adjusted EBITDA and then have this combination of benching the business for growth and growing incremental profitability.
Operator
Thank you. There are no further questions registered. So I'd like to pass the conference back over to Jayme Mendal for closing remarks. Please go ahead when you're ready.
Jayme Mendal - President, CEO & Director
All right. Thank you, and thanks, everyone, for joining us today. We continue making progress towards our long-term vision to become the largest online source of insurance policies by combining data, technology, knowledgeable advisers to make insurance simpler, more affordable and personalized. I think this quarter, our team continued demonstrating agility. We are adapting to a changing environment, maintaining a disciplined expense management and gaining market share during this period. And consequently, we expect to exit this year quite well positioned to emerge from the auto industry downturn as a stronger company. Thank you.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.