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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Chemed Corporation Third Quarter 2017 Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, today's conference is being recorded.
I'd now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Ms. Sherri Warner, Head of Investor Relations. Ma'am, please go ahead.
Sherri Warner - Investor Relations
Good morning. Our conference call this morning will review the financial results for the third quarter of 2017 ended September 30, 2017.
Before we begin, let me remind you that the
safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 apply to this conference call. During the course of this call, the company will make various remarks concerning management's expectations, predictions, plans and prospects that constitute forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those projected by these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those identified in the company's news release of October 26 and in various other filings with the SEC.
You are cautioned that any forward-looking statements reflect management's current view only and that the company undertakes no obligation to revise or update such statements in the future. In addition, management may also discuss non-GAAP operating performance results during today's call, including earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP results is provided in the company's press release dated October 26, which is available on the company's website at chemed.com.
I would now like to introduce our speakers for today: Kevin McNamara, President and Chief Executive Officer of Chemed Corporation; Dave Williams, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Chemed; and Nick Westfall, Chief Executive Officer of Chemed's VITAS Healthcare Corporation subsidiary.
I will now turn the call over to Kevin McNamara.
Kevin J. McNamara - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Sherri. Good morning. Welcome to Chemed Corporation's Third Quarter 2017 Conference Call. I will begin with highlights for the quarter and David and Nick will follow with additional operating detail. I will then open up the call for questions.
The third quarter of 2017 had solid operational performance, margin improvement and overall financial results. In the third quarter of 2017, Chemed generated $417 million of revenue, an increase of 6.3%. Consolidated net income in the quarter, excluding costs and other discrete items, generated adjusted earnings per diluted share of $2.15, an increase of 24.3%.
Both VITAS and Roto-Rooter performed well, exceeding the high end of our internal projections. VITAS admissions did decline 1% in the quarter. The 3 hurricanes in the quarter was disruptive to our third quarter admissions, particularly in Florida. However, given the structure of our Medicare per diem reimbursement, coupled with our low and medium length of stay, where we have a negative margin on our short stay admissions, the hurricanes did not materially impact our quarterly operating results. Nick will provide more information on this later in the call.
Roto-Rooter continues to show excellent results in our core plumbing and drain cleaning services segments as well as strong growth in water restoration. This resulted in Roto-Rooter having a record third quarter 2017 revenue, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin.
During the quarter, the company repurchased 50,000 shares of Chemed stock for $9.6 million, which equates to a cost per share of $191.52.
With that, I would like to turn the teleconference over to David Williams, our Chief Financial Officer.
David P. Williams - Executive VP & CFO
Thank you, Kevin. Net revenue for VITAS was [$289 million] (corrected by company after the call) in the third quarter of 2017, which is an increase of 2.2% when compared to the prior year period. This revenue increase is comprised of a geographically weighted average Medicare reimbursement rate increase of approximately 1.3%, a 2.8% increase in Average Daily Census, offset by acuity mix shift, which negatively impact revenue, 2.2%.
VITAS did not incur any Medicare Cap billing limitations in the quarter. At September 30, 2017, VITAS had 30 Medicare provider numbers, none of which has an estimated 2017 Medicare Cap billing limitation.
Of VITAS' 30 unique Medicare provider numbers, 28 of these provider numbers have a Medicare Cap cushion of 10% or greater, and 2 provider numbers had a cap cushion between 5% and 10% for the 2017 Medicare Cap period.
Our average revenue per patient per day in the quarter was $188.62, which is 70 basis points below the prior year period. Routine home care reimbursement and high acuity care averaged $162.24 and $709.80, respectively.
During the quarter, high acuity days of care were 4.8% of total days of care, and this is 74 basis points less than the prior year quarter.
Our third quarter 2017 gross margin for VITAS was 23.1%, which excluding the 2016 Medicare Cap, is a 240-basis-point improvement when compared to the third quarter of 2016.
Our routine home care direct gross margin was 52.4% in the quarter, an increase of 100 basis points when compared to the prior quarter.
Direct inpatient margin in the quarter was 3.4% and compares to a negative margin of 2.4% in the prior year quarter. Occupancy of our 29 dedicated inpatient units averaged 68.9% in the quarter and compares to occupancy of 70% in the third quarter of 2016.
Continuous care had a direct gross margin of 17.3%, an increase of 510 basis points when compared to the prior year quarter. Our average hours billed for a day of continuous care was 17.6 in the quarter, a slight decrease when compared to the 18.3 average hours billed for a day of continuous care in the third quarter of '16.
Now, let's turn to the Roto-Rooter segment. Roto-Rooter's plumbing, drain cleaning and water restoration service segments generated sales of $128 million for the third quarter 2017, an increase of $18.8 million or 17.1% over the prior year quarter.
Commercial drain cleaning revenue increased 1.8% and commercial plumbing and excavation increased 8.7%. Overall, commercial revenue increased 7.4%. Residential plumbing and excavation increased 18.8% and drain cleaning increased 5.9%. Our aggregate residential sales increased 24.8%.
Revenue from water restoration totaled $21.1 million, an increase of 77.2% over the prior year quarter.
We have updated our guidance for 2017 as follows: Revenue growth for VITAS in 2017 prior to Medicare Cap is estimated to be in the range of 2% to 3%; our admissions and Average Daily Census in 2017 are estimated to expand in the range of about 2% to 3%; and full year adjusted EBITDA margin prior to Medicare Cap is estimated to be at 15%. We are currently estimating $1.5 million for Medicare Cap billing limitations in the 2017 calendar year.
Roto-Rooter is forecast to achieve full year 2017 revenue growth of 13% to 14%. This revenue estimate is based upon increased job pricing of approximately 2% and continued growth in water restoration services. Adjusted EBITDA margin for Roto-Rooter in 2017 is now estimated at 22.5%.
Based upon the above, full year 2017 adjusted earnings per diluted share, excluding noncash expense for stock options, costs related to litigation and other discrete items, is estimated to be in the range of $8.35 to $8.40. This compares to Chemed's 2016 reported adjusted earnings per diluted share of $7.24.
I will now turn this call over to Nick Westfall, our Chief Executive Officer of VITAS Healthcare.
Nicholas Westfall - CEO
Thanks, David. Before I discuss the specifics of VITAS's third quarter performance, I wanted to start by acknowledging and thanking our team members whose dedication and compassion allowed us to persevere through hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Our emergency preparedness, communication and coordination plans were tested within this quarter, and I couldn't be more proud of how they've performed.
Before, during and after both Harvey and Irma, our VITAS teams continued to provide appropriate high-quality care for our patients on service, along with taking care of one another. These are the 2 of the company's key values, and each member of our company truly lived those values throughout these storms.
Additionally, the selfless determination and focus across our entire organization towards assessing our patients, fellow employees and company infrastructure during and immediately after the storms allowed us to quickly remobilize across both Houston and Florida in the aftermath.
In fact, during the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Irma, our local care teams and centralized infrastructure were fully up and running, caring for our patients, available to respond to new referral requests and supporting each other's personal needs within 36 to 48 hours in the majority of our locations. We were back up so quickly that we actually had to wait on some of the national shipping providers and local ancillary providers to reopen before we could get fully back up to speed with bringing on new patients.
I've never been more proud of the organization in managing through these events, and I'm happy to state that as a result of everyone rallying around one another, we've come out of these events stronger as an organization.
With that, let me quickly discuss our operating results for the third quarter. VITAS had a solid quarter, both financially and operationally. Our Average Daily Census in the third quarter of 2017 was 16,652 patients, an increase of 3% on a unit-for-unit basis over the prior year. Total admissions in the quarter were 16,000, basically flat with the prior year on a unit-for-unit basis.
During the quarter, admissions generated from hospitals, which typically represent over 50% of our admissions, decreased 0.6%. Home-based admissions increased 0.1%, nursing home admissions increased 0.9% and assisted living facility admissions increased 1.1% in the quarter.
Our per patient per day ancillary costs, which include durable medical equipment, supplies and pharmaceutical costs, averaged $14.67 and are 10% favorable when compared to the $16.30, the cost of these items were in the prior quarter -- prior year quarter.
Our inpatient care currently consists of 29 dedicated units as well as contract bids. We're evaluating inpatient capacity on a market-by-market basis to ensure these facilities are appropriately positioned to meet the needs of our patients in every community we serve. The sustainable evaluation of management processes have improved our inpatient margins 580 basis point in the quarter.
Within continuous care, we've enhanced our focus on labor and management, specifically related to appropriate nursing to aide staffing assignments and the appropriate utilization of outside nursing agencies based upon the patient's location and individual needs. These efforts improved our continuous care margins of 510 basis points when compared to the third quarter of 2016.
VITAS' average length of stay in the quarter was 89.5 days and compares to 87.7 days in the prior year quarter. Median length of stay was 16 days in the quarter and is equal to the prior year quarter. Median length of stay is a key indicator of our penetration into the high acuity sector of the market.
With that, I'd like to turn this call back over to Kevin.
Kevin J. McNamara - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Nick. I will now open this teleconference to questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) I'm not showing any questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back to Mr. McNamara for any closing remarks.
Kevin J. McNamara - President, CEO & Director
Thank you. The one thing I'll say is a question we've had, given the recent development of the passing of tax reform in some form in the House of Representatives. People have asked us if the tax -- if the corporate tax rate was down to 20%, what would that mean to Chemed, and they'd jump in the air for it's about $1.80 a share at the current share count.
David P. Williams - Executive VP & CFO
Yes, probably every 100 basis point reduction in the federal tax rate from, say, 35% or 34%, that's worth a $0.12 to $0.13 per share in additional earnings.
Kevin J. McNamara - President, CEO & Director
Okay. So that's...
David P. Williams - Executive VP & CFO
You have a 15-point reduction, you're at $1.80 to $1.90.
Kevin J. McNamara - President, CEO & Director
Very well. But I'd like to thank everyone for their kind attention, and we'll get back in mid-February to discuss our results for the fourth quarter. Thanks very much.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation in today's conference. This concludes the program, and you may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.