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Andrea Henderson;Director of Marketing
Good morning, and thank you for joining Bank of Marin Bancorp's Earnings Call for the Fourth Quarter and Year ended December 31, 2021. I am Andrea Henderson, Director of Marketing for Bank of Marin.
(Operator Instructions) This conference call is being recorded on January 24, 2022. Joining us on the call today are Tim Myers, President and CEO; and Tani Girton, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Our earnings press release, which we issued this morning, can be found on our website at bankofmarin.com, where this call is also being webcast.
Before we get started, I want to note that we will be discussing some non-GAAP financial measures on the call. Please refer to the reconciliation table on Page 3 of our earnings press release for both GAAP and non-GAAP measures. Additionally, the discussion on this call is based on information we know as of Friday, January 21, 2022 and may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in such statements.
For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties, please review the forward-looking statements disclosure in our earnings press release, as well as our SEC filings. Following our prepared remarks, Tim and Tani will be available to answer your questions. And now I'd like to turn the call over to Tim Myers.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Andrea. Good morning, and welcome to the call.
I'd like to begin my first earnings call as CEO of Bank of Marin by affirming that we remain laser-focused on serving our customers and communities while consistently driving long-term value for our shareholders.
We generated solid results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2021, while maintaining capital, liquidity and overall credit quality. These are the hallmarks of our consistent performance. Our acquisition of American River Bank shares in 2021 expanded our footprint in Greater Sacramento, one of the fastest-growing regions in California. Importantly, it provided us with better scale to maximize efficiencies and drive growth into the future. The integration of American River is on track as we approach core systems conversion in late March.
We also continue to make strategic hires and develop our teams to support growth. Several of our key hires have been in the Greater Sacramento region, and I'd like to take a moment to highlight one of them. In late 2021, we hired Deepak Bhakoo as Senior Vice President, Commercial Banking Sales Manager. In this newly created position, he will oversee the bank's commercial banking growth initiatives across our entire footprint. Deepak is a great example of the talent we continue to attract as we grow. With nearly 20 years of commercial banking expertise, including deep lending experience in the Greater Sacramento area, he has a strong track record of building successful teams. This will serve us well as he expands our new client acquisition efforts and helps guide our growth initiatives.
For the full year, we generated strong loan production in Napa, Marin, Oakland and Walnut Creek. Late in the year, our commercial banking teams in these and other key markets, including Sacramento, were successful in bringing new clients to the bank and expanding the existing relationships. These efforts helped generate a notable lift in loan production in the fourth quarter, and we expect that drive to continue.
The pandemic is still with us, but we continue to adapt as necessary and manage the business for ongoing growth. We, along with our customers, have learned a great deal over the past 2 years. I'm confident we will continue to accelerate momentum gained through the past year to deliver value for our shareholders in 2022 and beyond.
Now for some key highlights. Net income for the full year was $33.2 million or $2.30 per share, representing a return on assets of 0.94% and return on equity of 8.4%. Excluding onetime merger-related and conversion costs, net income would have been $38.1 million or $2.64 per share, representing a return on average assets of 1.08% and return on average equity of 9.67%.
Loans increased 8% to $2.3 billion at year-end 2021, up from $2.1 billion at December 31, 2020. Year-over-year growth was driven by the American River acquisition and non-PPP commercial loan originations, the majority of which were investor commercial real estate loans.
$181.7 million in non-PPP loan originations were distributed across our footprint. Loan growth was offset by PPP forgiveness, commercial real estate asset sales and commercial payoffs due to ongoing borrower deleveraging. As of December 31, there were 368 SBA PPP loans outstanding, totaling $111 million, net of $2.5 million in unrecognized fees and costs.
Deposits grew $1.3 billion or 52% in 2021 to $3.8 billion, including $790 million acquired from the American River Bank on August 6. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $556 million in 2021 and made up 50% of total deposits at year-end. Our already low cost of deposits decreased further to 7 basis points for the full year of 2021, down from 11 basis points in 2020.
We reported a net increase in substandard loans in the fourth quarter, primarily due to one borrower with 2 secured investor commercial real estate loans that were negatively affected by the pandemic. However, nonaccrual loans represented only 0.37% of the bank's loan portfolio as of December 31. The $8.4 million in nonaccrual loans at year-end included 2 secured owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, totaling $7.1 million, which were placed on nonaccrual status in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Bank of Marin Bancorp continued its share repurchase program, repurchasing 149,983 shares, totaling $5.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Given our continued strong capital position and solid 2021 results, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.24 per share on January 21, 2022. This represents the 67th consecutive quarterly dividend paid by Bank of Marin Bancorp.
Now I'll hand the call over to Tani to discuss our financial results.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Thank you, Tim. Good morning, everyone. Fourth quarter 2021 represented the first full quarter with the combined assets of Bank of Marin and American River Bank.
Net income of $9.7 million increased from $5.3 million in the third quarter and $8.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. As shown in the earnings release, reconciliation of GAAP and non-GAAP measures, fourth quarter net income would have been $10.5 million and earnings per share $0.66 without the merger-related onetime and conversion costs.
Return on average assets of 0.9% for the fourth quarter would have been 0.97% without those costs, and the 8.5% return on equity would have been 9.19%.
While non-PPP loan originations exceeded payoffs by $7 million in the fourth quarter, total loans decreased by $61 million due to $54 million in PPP loan payoffs and changes related to scheduled amortization and utilization.
$80 million in non-PPP loan originations for the quarter was up significantly from $43 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Quarter-over-quarter, average loan balances increased to $80 million, and the yield increased 10 basis points to 4.43%, mostly due to lower rate PPP loans paying off.
While average yields on investment securities decreased 36 basis points, higher balances significantly contributed to an increase in quarterly net interest income. Fourth quarter 2021 net interest income of $30.6 million increased $2.9 million over the third quarter. Net interest income increased $7 million over the same quarter last year, due to higher loan balances and a 52 basis point higher average loan yield resulting from accelerated fee recognition on PPP loan payoffs.
Incremental balances in the investment portfolio added $2.4 million to net interest income despite the lower average yield. Overall, average interest-earning assets increased $1.3 billion.
The tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.03% for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to 3.15% in the prior quarter, and 3.4% in the fourth quarter of 2020. The 12 basis point decrease from the prior quarter and the 37 basis point decrease from the same quarter a year ago were primarily due to a higher proportion of investment securities in the growing balance sheet. The balance sheet continues to be asset-sensitive and well positioned to benefit from rising interest rates.
Noninterest income totaled $2.7 million in the fourth quarter compared to $3.6 million in the prior quarter and $1.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. The decline from the third quarter was largely due to $1.1 million in bank-owned life insurance benefits collected in the third quarter. The increase over the fourth quarter of 2020 was spread across most categories and largely resulted from increased activity related to our expanded deposit base.
Noninterest expense of $19 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 declined $3.7 million from third quarter, mostly due to lower merger-related onetime and conversion costs. Higher loan originations in the fourth quarter led to more deferred costs, which reduced salaries and benefits, while year-end true-ups to incentives and benefits had the opposite effect.
Full year noninterest expense of $72.6 million increased $14 million over 2020. $6.5 million of that increase came from acquisition-related onetime and conversion costs. Additional personnel from the merger, annual merit increases, lower deferred loan origination costs and year-end true-ups to incentive, also increased salaries and benefits. Other increases included consulting expenses related to PPP forgiveness and higher data processing expense associated with increased transaction activity. Several other categories increased due to the bank's larger size and charitable contributions decreased due to supplemental contributions in 2020 related to the pandemic.
The efficiency ratio for the quarter, excluding merger-related onetime and conversion costs, was 53.6%, and improved from 56% third quarter, and 55.9% in the fourth quarter of 2020. The effective tax rate increased 50 basis points to 26% in 2021, primarily as a result of nondeductible merger-related expenses.
In closing, 2021 presented both challenges and opportunities. And we effectively navigated the environment while staying committed to the principles underlying our long-term success. We are pleased with these results and are ready to take on the new year. And now, Tim will like to share some final comments.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Tani. Bank of Marin continued to deliver solid performance in 2021 while growing and expanding our footprint. We enter 2022 confident in our ability to navigate the remaining stages of the pandemic and respond to our customers' needs as we continue our transition to a post-pandemic economy.
Following our acquisition of American River, our ongoing efforts to attract skilled leaders and revenue-generating talent will help us further build out our team in Sacramento and drive growth across Northern California. Thanks to everyone on today's call for your interest and support. With that, we will open the call to your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of Jeff Rulis, D.A. Davidson.
Jeffrey Allen Rulis - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Wanted to get into the expenses. I think the core is running a little lower than I had anticipated. Maybe you're capturing the American River cost saves ahead of time. Any -- can we get just a catch-up on how successful you've been on obtaining cost saves to date and then what the -- I think, Tim, you mentioned the conversion occurring in March, what that might do to the absolute number as well?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Yes. Thanks, Jeff. I'll start high level and then Tani can take over. So as of right now, we're tracking ahead of plan on onetime costs and cost saves going forward. Tani can give any specifics there.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. I would say if you look at Q4 without the acquisition cost, that's a pretty good indicator of our run rate. I think that also, if you look at what the conversion and onetime expenses that were included in the fourth quarter, that's a good indicator of what might show up in the first quarter because any -- our best estimate of what is going to be expensed over the course of the conversion is accrued over the course of the conversion.
Jeffrey Allen Rulis - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. So if we get back to that core run rate, if you think something just below $18 million is the core? And do you -- if we just focus on sort of non-onetime merger costs, I guess, post conversion, is there more saves to go? Or is that sort of from there, it's going to be offset by maybe wage inflation and others so that $18 million run rate and then it kind of carries on from there, post conversion, I guess, as we get into the second quarter?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Well, when we model our cost saves, we model those to increase over time with inflationary and merit increases and that sort of thing. So -- but the absolute expenses, obviously, over time, will go up because for those same reasons.
Jeffrey Allen Rulis - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. So if I read you right, post conversion, you wouldn't anticipate the run rate to be meaningfully disrupted and then over time, it probably reverts to some growth?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
That is correct.
Jeffrey Allen Rulis - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. Got you. And switching gears just on the margin and the securities investment or that build, understandable with what's happened with loans as well as the transaction liquidity. Just wanted to see about the balance of '22, how you manage. Is there additional interest in the securities portfolio? I think the short answer would probably be preferred loans. But how does that manage and with the backdrop? You've said you remain well positioned on rates. How do you manage the balance sheet versus what you think the output on the margin would be?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
So I'll just quickly say, Jeff, to your point about we would much rather prefer and are targeting putting more money to work in loans. We talked about in the release, hiring Deepak Bhakoo to have a disciplined, consistent sales process across the footprint, really hammer home the relationship banking, which done correctly helps with the yield. But certainly, Tani has a lot to do on the security side.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. So the balance sheet is -- remains asset sensitive, as I mentioned. And last quarter, we reported on a static balance sheet in an up 100 basis point environment, an increase in first year NII of about 2.8% and in the second year, 6.9%.
So that's pretty well-balanced and a little bit heavily weighted towards an increasing rate environment, but we're probably a little bit lower on asset sensitivity than we were then because we have deployed some of our cash into securities. But remember, that's a static balance sheet. So to the extent that we grow loans, that's going to be improved. Also, with the probability that interest rates will go up, that is definitely a tailwind for us.
PPP loans, we've got about $2.5 million in fees net of cost left to amortize. After that goes away, that's a bit of a headwind. But another tailwind we have is that we've got a ton of liquidity. So that supports our ability to lag deposit rates on the way up when interest rates increase.
And then the last point is that as we've deployed cash into the investment portfolio recent -- most recently with rates up, we've been able to do that at a yield that is higher than the average yield on the portfolio.
Jeffrey Allen Rulis - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay, got it. So it sounds like on the loan -- securities to loans or that mix, in the near term, The -- well, I mean you're growing NII on some volume and sounds good on the rate outlook going forward. So I appreciate the detail. I'll step back.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of David Feaster with Raymond James.
David Pipkin Feaster - Research Analyst
I just wanted to start on the organic growth outlook. Great to see the new hires. It looks like originations really accelerated in the fourth quarter. But payoffs and paydowns are still a headwind. Maybe just -- could you talk about some of the puts and takes with loan growth as we're looking forward, whether you think you kind of trough here on a core basis? And just how you think about organic growth heading into '22?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Yes. It's a key focus of ours, David. Certainly, one of the nice things, if you look on a group-by-group basis across our commercial banking office network, we had much more even production in the year. So we're really seeing some of the newer offices or the offices that were not just Marin. I mean for the full year, Marin was 1/3 of our total production. So we're seeing some really good production out of regions like Napa, Oakland, but also key areas like Walnut Creek and San Mateo that were -- Walnut Creek was started shortly before the pandemic and was completely diverted to -- that was our PPP team. They had one of the better production years this year, as the time demands on them decline with PPP.
We're seeing good activity in San Mateo, which was started right in the middle of the pandemic, which is a horrible time to start a commercial banking office and a relationship banking model. So I think with Deepak coming in and continuing to drive that consistent sales process, I feel very good about that more even growth. It really gives us an opportunity to drive the kind of targeted loan growth that we want.
Certainly, there are headwinds, the payoffs. A lot of those have been out of our control with asset sales and cash pay downs due to deleveraging, but we did have a fairly large amount of third-party refinancing. So we've really made an attempt to tackle that in terms of calling on our customers, making sure we're getting in front of issues. But also, when you see that in some of the NIM decline is the loan yields in targeted areas being more aggressive on loan pricing to retain and attract new customers, it is better to put that money to work in loans. So we will continue all those approaches to continue the organic growth.
We have a good pipeline right now. We don't comment on amounts, but despite the amounts that funded in Q4, we have a healthy amount of loans we're expecting to fund. The new team that we've hired out in Sacramento, has developed a good pipeline already, and we'll just continue to hammer on those key factors. Does that answer your question?
David Pipkin Feaster - Research Analyst
Yes. No, that's extremely helpful. And then maybe just any thoughts on the additional new hires. There's been a lot of disruption in the market. Just curious whether you're seeing more opportunity for new hires and just how you think about new hires going forward?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Well, that disruption goes both ways, David. I mean we've had good people come. We've had good people leave. It's an aggressive market, and that -- again, that works both ways for us and against us.
But that team in Sacramento is a really good example. Our scale, our ability to do loans out in the Sacramento market allow us to attract people that have done very well in prior jobs. And like I said, they already have a considerable pipeline. And in Deepak's role, they'll be pushing that out to our other regions as well. So again, it can work both ways, but we've certainly benefited and we are looking to fill key positions still going forward.
David Pipkin Feaster - Research Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And then just one other quick one. Could you just remind us of the seasonal expenses that you'd expect in the first quarter? And I guess maybe we should expect a little bit of a bump in that first quarter before kind of coming back to that upper $17 million run rate that you were kind of talking about.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. That's exactly right. We do have -- we do typically have a bump in the first quarter relative to the resets of the 401(k) contributions related to the bonus payouts and the 401(k) payments associated with that. So that's a really good point.
And I'll just -- we had a question on the webcast regarding that as well, asking if $18 million per quarter sort of was the run rate based on fourth quarter minus the acquisition expenses, and that is correct, but that $18 million would not include that first quarter cyclical bump.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Matthew Clark with Piper Sandler.
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Maybe just to round out the expense-related discussion and get more specific. I guess how much in -- how much of the $6.1 million of annualized cost saves have you realized so far? And what do you think the upside is to that $6.1 million when it's all said and done?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
So, sorry, Matthew, I'm not sure where the $6.1 million is coming from. Are you just -- are you running that number based on what American River Bank costs were priced?
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Yes, I'm sorry. I guess, I'm using a targeted percentage based on the last 12 months, but it might be different relative to what you guys are...
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Okay. So we'll just talk conceptually. Yes, so first of all, we use consensus estimates when we ran our model. And we only estimated about a 25% realization of cost savings in the first quarter. So it's very early days on that. But I think in general, when we look at -- so where most of those cost saves come from is in salaries and benefits. And when we look at where we are and where we're headed, over the course of the acquisition and post conversion, right now, it looks like we're going to exceed the projected cost saves.
We also modeled a 75% realization of those in 2022. The accretion numbers that we quoted in the investor presentation, remember, were on a fully phased-in basis. And so fully phased-in would be 100% realized in 2023. And that's because we've got a quarter of conversion in 2022.
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. Got it. And then the bump in reserves this quarter, and I think last as well, I guess, would you feel comfortable with that coverage ratio, longer term, based on the mix of -- your loan portfolio, in terms of what you're targeting for your loan mix longer term?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Yes. The increase in the reserves due to CECL were really not necessarily a reflection of the credit quality in the portfolio. We feel good about the credit quality. We did have the one downgrade, but we feel like we have our arms around that. It was really an adjustment to the factors in the model that we mentioned in the earnings release, management, other factors. So I don't think there's any reason to think that will worsen or continue. You can't predict when some of these credits will deteriorate. But we feel very good about our loan portfolio credit quality and don't see anything in our plans in terms of portfolio mix that would materially impact that.
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. And then shifting gears to the margin outlook and your asset sensitivity, what's the underlying loan and deposit beta that you're using for up 100 basis points, if you have it off hand?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. I'm going to pull that for you, Matt. I just have to go through some papers. So give me a minute on that.
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Sure. Sure. I'll try to shift away from questions for you, Tani.
And then maybe, Tim, on the buyback, you still have I think about $40 million left under the current authorization. Do you have any -- I guess, what's your sensitivity to price? Is there a limit at which you will no longer buy back stock?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Well, yes, I think we have $35 million left on the approved program and the volume has slowed, but we're going to look as we go forward, Matthew, about our other repurchase activity relative to other investments. So just because it's there approved, I'm not ready to say at this point that we're going to continue on that pace irrespective of price. So we have to weigh as we go into 2022 and looking ahead what our investment priorities are and what the right thing to do is.
Matthew Timothy Clark - MD & Senior Research Analyst
Okay. And then last one for me, a follow-up one for Tani. Do you happen to have the purchase accounting accretion embedded in net interest income this quarter from American River?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
That one, I will have to get back to you on. And same with the beta, I've got the average life here, which is roughly 6.5 years, but the beta, I don't want to quote a number off the top of my head because I don't want to have to call you and say I got it wrong. So I'll be back to you when I have that on me.
Operator
Next question from the line of Andrew Terrell with Stephens.
Robert Andrew Terrell - Analyst
So most of might have been asked and answered already, but Tim, was hoping you can maybe just provide an update on how you're thinking about M&A right now? Maybe just an update on appetite into 2022 or how kind of status conversations are going? Or just where you might be focused at? And just any kind of color on M&A would be helpful.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
I appreciate that, Andrew. Our focus is 100% right now on integrating and completing the successful conversion of the legacy American River Bank. So that is our total intent focus at the time. Going forward, as you know, banks are sold, not bought. And so you can't really control the timing. Part of my job is always to be out there, talking to other investment banks and CEOs, and I will continue to do so. But there's nothing in the immediate works. We are 100% focused on integrating ARB.
Robert Andrew Terrell - Analyst
Okay. Perfect. And then maybe one for Tani. Do you have the average yield for the new securities purchased in the fourth quarter, just to kind of square away the margin?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
I have that, but not here with me. So I can get back to you on that because you're talking about the entire quarter, right?
Robert Andrew Terrell - Analyst
Yes, that's right. Okay. That works.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Stuart Lotz with KBW.
William Stuart Lotz - Research Analyst
Tani, appreciate all the detail, particularly on your asset sensitivity. I guess, just kind of trying to piece that all together, how do we think about how quickly your loan book would reprice if we do get a hike here in March? Just in terms of kind of overall composition between fixed and floating rates.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
So if you look at the whole book together, about 18% of our loans repriced in less than or equal a year. And obviously, that doesn't include securities. Our securities portfolio is -- the duration on that is pretty short, and we get a lot of cash off of that portfolio.
And then 63% of the loan book reprices in less than or equal to 5 years. Only 4% of the portfolio is in the money, on floors, and roughly 1/3 of that would reprice upwards once rates go up 50 basis points, the other 2/3, 100. But that's a pretty small percentage of the overall portfolio.
William Stuart Lotz - Research Analyst
Okay. So it sounds like just from when you run your screen from an asset sensitivity, most of the upside is from deploying cash. And with cash back to 8% today, where do you see that trending? Is that really just driven by deposit inflows and how quickly you can put money into better use in the securities book?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. So we have continued to have deposit inflows. As you mentioned, it is a little bit hard to keep up with it, given where rates are, and we want to make sure that we invest opportunistically, which is why we had quite a few investments at the end of the third quarter and the beginning of the fourth quarter. And then again, here more recently in the last couple of weeks when rates popped up again.
So we try to manage that. We have a lot of liquidity off-balance sheet too that we can rely on if we have the opportunity to invest at higher rates. So yes, we -- it's a full-time job keeping up with the deposit growth.
William Stuart Lotz - Research Analyst
Great. And maybe just one more for me. If we can go back to the reserve outlook. I think the provision this quarter was probably driven by just the stronger production. So how are you guys thinking about kind of a quarterly provision run rate in '22? Charge-offs remain at near 0 and maybe we do see loan growth start to improve. Just kind of any color there.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Yes. We don't expect any change in the charge-off numbers. I'll let Tani answer some of the ongoing provision expectations.
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
Yes. So with CECL, that model is a lot more dependent on the underlying economic forecast. So that's where you would get any fluctuations. And then obviously, if we grow the portfolio, we're going to get some changes associated with that.
We -- normally, with CECL, a very high percentage of the provision is based on the calculated or quantitative portion of the analysis. However, as mentioned -- as Tim mentioned earlier, we have quite a few qualitative elements in there right now due to the change in the executive management, the integration of the ARB team in terms of underwriting and all of that.
So that's typical to what we did during the last acquisition or during prior transitions from one, we'll say, chief credit officer to another Chief Credit Officer. We just tend to bump those qualitative factors up a little bit, just because there's a little more risk. Another element of the qualitative factors is the model risk. And you will notice, though, that also in the qualitative factors, there was some reduction because we did have some improvement in some of the risks on classified and doubtful.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
We tried to take a conservative outlook on changes in leadership, integration of the ARB team, credit culture, et cetera. So that drove a significant part of the increase.
William Stuart Lotz - Research Analyst
Great. That's very helpful detail. And Tim, maybe just kind of one more here. Can you just give us any update on utilization rates and where those are trending? And have we seen any improvement in the fourth quarter and kind of going into '22?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Unfortunately, Stuart, no, I think our overall portfolio utilization declined 1% from 34% to 33% quarter-over-quarter. And at that level, it sits exactly where it did at 12/31/2020. So it has bounced around though. We've had months where we've had considerable improvement. But we are still -- just like the banks, a lot of our customers remain very liquid. And so trying to predict when that utilization trend might reverse is really tough. There's a lot of liquidity out there and everywhere. So that -- I think that continues to drive the usage levels. But I think it went from 34% to 33% September to December, but it's flat year-over-year.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
While we're waiting for the next question, I'll get back to Andrew from Stephens on the securities purchase over the quarter. The yield was about 1.6% on average. So obviously, some higher, some lower, but that was the average for the quarter.
Operator
We do have a question from the line of Tim Coffey with Janney Montgomery Scott.
Timothy Norton Coffey - Director of Banks and Thrifts
I had a question on the loan yields that you -- on loans you originated in the quarter. Can you talk about where they were relative to kind of the period-end yield?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Yes. I have some numbers here. I won't give exact numbers, but we did see a decline in loan yields, particularly on new production on investor real estate, some on owner-occupied real estate, as I mentioned earlier in the call, we've had a push to not just put cash to work, but play defense a little bit from really some of the highly competitive offers we see out in the market. So we did go out with a lower loan yield on some of those. Most of the others are relatively close, but we did see a decline in that investor real estate and unoccupied real estate primarily.
Timothy Norton Coffey - Director of Banks and Thrifts
Okay. And these -- the way to get offensive out there in this market right now, you talked about wanting to be more aggressive on price and at least competitive on pricing, I should say. Are these kind of like teaser rates or is this kind of a how you're approaching the market right now?
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
No, no, we don't do teaser rates. This is just for a strong customer, a strong prospect, being competitive relative to what we're seeing in the market, but we had a relatively small bucket that we allocated for that. We continue to have an intense focus on that relationship banking model, so we can get yields at a premium to market and certainly want to improve our overall portfolio yield. So we continue to focus on that. We don't -- we're not explicitly saying let's be aggressive consistently, it's just being competitive where necessary to maintain and grow the loan balances.
Timothy Norton Coffey - Director of Banks and Thrifts
Great. Got it. Understood. And then, Tani, what's the kind of a good way to think about your tax rate going forward given the volatility we've seen in the last 2 quarters?
Tani Girton - Executive VP & CFO
I think that if you -- it would be -- we would want to ratchet it down a little bit versus the full year 2021 because we had some nondeductible merger expenses. So I would say that was -- for the full year, that was worth about 50 basis points in the effective tax rate.
Great. And I'm going to come back to Matthew's question on the betas. So the average beta for the portfolio that we apply in our interest rate risk analytics is 58%. And that includes a 74% beta on our money market accounts.
Operator
And we appear to have no further questions on the phone line. I'll turn it over back to our speakers for any closing remarks.
Timothy D. Myers - President, CEO & Director
Thank you very much for joining us on the call. I appreciate it. If anyone has any follow-up questions, please let us know.
Operator
That concludes today's call. We thank you for your participation and ask you to please disconnect your lines.