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Operator
Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us for the CardioNet First Quarter 2009 Earnings Conference Call. Certain statements during the conference call and question and answer period to follow may relate to future events and expectations and, as such, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities and Litigation Act of 1995.
Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievement of the Company in the future to be materially different from the statements that the Company's executives may make today. These risks are described in detail in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our latest periodic report in Form 10-K or 10-Q. We assume no duty to update these statements. At this time, all participants have been placed in a listen-only mode, and the floor will open to questions and comments following the presentation.
It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host, Mr. Randy Thurman. Sir, you may begin.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Thank you very much, and welcome to the CardioNet, Incorporated first quarter investor conference call. I am Randy Thurman, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of CardioNet, Incorporated. With me this afternoon is Marty Galvan, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Anna McNamara, Senior Vice President of Clinical Operations, and Phil Leone, Senior Vice President of Managed Care.
During the first quarter we made excellent progress in the execution of our 2009 plan. We continue to leverage the clinically proven superiority of the MCOT system and our world-class customer service and monitoring organizations to effectively expand on the $2 billion cardiac monitoring market. We've made significant strides in enhancing our corporate infrastructure through the expansion of our sales force and establishing a solid platform technology for accelerated growth in 2010 and beyond.
We also announced a merger agreement with Biotel Incorporated, which we believe will diversify our revenue stream, accelerate next generation R&D, and provide entry into the clinical research services business. During the quarter, we also announced the formation of a medical advisory board comprised of some of the most notable professionals in cardiac medicine and beyond.
Before I elaborate on our accomplishments, I would like to provide some of the key financial highlights for the quarter. Revenue in the first quarter increased 40% year-over-year and is up 4% sequentially, reaching $35.7 million. This marks our fifth consecutive quarter of increased revenues since going public.
Gross margin increased year-over-year to 66.9% of revenue, and we delivered adjusted earnings per share of $0.04 in the quarter, demonstrating our commitment to growing earnings while investing in our sales and corporate infrastructure to further expand our market share. Marty will provide you with a more detailed financial review in his prepared remarks.
Now I would like to provide some additional detail on our accomplishments during the quarter. Under the leadership of our newly appointed Senior Vice President of Sales, Matt Margolies, we are successfully expanding our sales organization with a highly experienced and qualified team of account executives. We are currently ahead of schedule in our sales force expansion goal of a 70% increase in account executives during 2009.
Since the end of the year we have added 41 new sales reps, bringing the current number to 129. The majority of the newly added account executives are just beginning the training phase and will begin the process of introducing our MCOT system to physicians and hospitals in their respective territories in the weeks ahead. We are screening about ten qualified applicants per every new account executive hire. As you know, adding these highly experienced account reps to our existing team is one important element in our outlook for 2010 and beyond.
Some of these account executives will be focused solely on leading teaching hospitals, where we see great potential to cultivate new business and place our MCOT system in use with thought leading practitioners and researchers. Our goal is to establish a strong presence for CardioNet at leading hospitals and academic research centers around the country, as we believe this will be important as a direct contributor to expanding our market share. We will complete our sales force expansion by midyear, which will leave us poised to gain an even larger share of the cardiac arrhythmia monitoring market in 2010 and beyond.
Another area that we are highly focused on is research and development. It is imperative that we maintain and even increase our leadership position in wireless cardiac monitoring. We are planning on making several announcements at the upcoming Heart Rhythm Society meeting in May, regarding significant advancements in our technology that demonstrate our commitment to continual innovation.
As I previously mentioned, we recently announced our merger agreement with Biotel. This acquisition will accelerate the development of the next generation MCOT, as well as adding to our portfolio what we believe is the leading wireless event monitoring technology. As a result, CardioNet will be providing physicians with best-in-class event monitoring that can serve as a transition into wireless products and to our MCOT system.
We are equally excited that our merger agreement with Biotel will allow us to launch our first adjacent market opportunity in clinical research services. This is an area that we have been interested in for some time and is a natural extension of our existing business.
We look forward to having the opportunity to incorporate our MCOT system into the Biotel research services platform, known as Agility, providing medical device and pharmaceutical customers with the leading monitoring system, with a reliable collection and analysis of ECG data for patients participating in clinical trials. There is strong demand in the healthcare industry from drug development and medical device companies for these value-add services, and we believe the outlook is very promising for this business.
CardioNet is the unquestioned leader in the industry in providing clinical research that demonstrates MCOT's superiority to cardiologists and electrophysiologists. In addition, MCOT is also being used by independent research organizations to expand MCOT's clinical utility. Our ongoing clinical programs continue to make key contributions to our success in expanding awareness of the value of MCOT.
To-date, there have been 21 completed clinical studies and abstracts demonstrating the clinical efficacy of the MCOT system. In addition, there are several new studies underway utilizing MCOT as a diagnostic tool, and we are supporting primary investigators in studies designed to show clinical superiority.
No other competitor in the MCOT space has completed or published any study. Cardiologists, electrophysiologists, researchers and even payors demand the integrity of our products and services that can only be demonstrated by CardioNet's unequaled commitment to clinical research. Again, no other MCOT competitor can make this claim.
With regard to clinical research, some of CardioNet's clinical success will be discussed at the upcoming HRS meeting. The Heart Rhythm Society is the world's leading venue bringing together cardiologists, electrophysiologists and research based industry providers such as CardioNet.
Science, discovery and innovation represent the driving forces behind each of these constituencies. CardioNet is excited to be one of the featured companies at this year's HRS meeting. Look for us to make several announcements at the meeting, which will advance our leadership position.
Now, let me comment on the reimbursement front, another area where CardioNet has taken on the leadership role in the industry. Q1 2009 was the first quarter that included Category I CPT codes and reimbursement rates for the professional and technical components of our MCOT system, setting the stage for a more simplified and stable reimbursement environment going forward.
In addition, the validation provided by having dedicated CPT codes has been positive reinforcement in our efforts to establish coverage with the remaining commercial payors. Year-to-date, we have added 11 new payors, representing over 4 million new covered lives. As such, CardioNet now has contracts covering nearly 200 million lives.
Coupled with the fact that CardioNet will soon have been used on a 0.25 million patients, nearly seven times that of any MCOT competitor, it is clear that we've moved well beyond the experimental or investigational stage. We have established the MCOT as the most cost beneficial means of providing wireless cardiac monitoring. Everyone benefits greatly, the payors, the physicians and, most importantly, the patients.
With that, I will now turn the call over to Marty for his financial review.
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Thank you, Randy, and good afternoon, everyone. Now that Randy has commented on our operations, I will review our financial results for the first quarter of 2009. I want to remind everyone that unless mentioned otherwise, all of my comments will refer to financial results on a non-GAAP basis. There is a reconciliation included in the press release that we issued earlier today that describes in detail how we have calculated these non-GAAP figures.
As Randy indicated, in the first quarter revenue increased by $10.2 million, or 40.3%, to $35.7 million compared to $25.5 million in the first quarter of 2008. Driving the growth were MCOT system revenues of $31.4 million, up from $21.1 million in Q1 of 2008, or an increase of 56.2%.
Revenue from the MCOT system continues to grow as a percent of revenue, representing 88% of revenue in the first quarter, compared to 86% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and 79% of revenue in the first quarter of last year. Offsetting this growth are declines in [Avant] and Holter revenue, as we continue to convert physicians to the new technology. Consistent with the trend last year, our payor mix was 34% Medicare and 66% commercial in the quarter.
Gross profit in the first quarter increased to $23.9 million, or 66.9% of revenue, compared to gross profit of $15.9 million, or a 62.6% of revenue, in the first quarter of 2008. This improvement of 430 basis points was primarily due to operational efficiencies, largely in our cardiac monitoring center and related areas, cost reductions negotiated with our largest suppliers, as well as lower fuel surcharges and higher volume discounts on our device shipments.
Turning to operating income, in the first quarter we achieved our seventh consecutive quarter of profitability, with $1.6 million in adjusted operating income. This compares favorably to the $600,000 adjusted operating income in the first quarter of 2008. As a percent of revenue, our operating margin in the first quarter increased to 4.6% compared to 2.4% in the first quarter 2008. Our operating income continues to improve as we gain leverage due to high revenue in combination with operational efficiencies.
Included in our first quarter 2009 GAAP operating expense is $3 million of nonrecurring charges, primarily due to our recent executive management changes and costs related to our pending merger with Biotel. Included in last year's first quarter GAAP operating expense is $1.3 million of nonrecurring charges, primarily relating to the settlement of litigation and the integration of PDSHeart.
Consistent with our expectations, our effective tax rate for the quarter was 41.1%. Adjusted net income, excluding nonrecurring charges, increased to $1 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, in the first quarter compared to adjusted net income of $400,000, or $0.02 per diluted share, in Q1 of 2008.
With respect to share count, the adjusted EPS of $0.04 per diluted share in the first quarter of 2009 was calculated using diluted weighted average shares of 23.9 million, as opposed to the 23.6 million shares that you see in our earnings release. The adjusted EPS of $0.02 per diluted share for the first quarter of 2008 was calculated using diluted weighted average shares of 18.3 million, as opposed to the 4.7 million shares in our release.
As we incurred a net loss for both periods on a GAAP basis, we are required to use the basic share count for the calculation of EPS. This is because using the higher diluted share count would have had an antidilutive impact on EPS. Therefore, because we had positive earnings on an adjusted basis in the first quarters of 2008 and 2009, we are providing a diluted share count for reference.
Now to touch briefly on the balance sheet and cash flow. At the end of the quarter, cash and cash equivalents were $50.4 million. In the quarter we had negative free cash flow of $10.2 million, which was in line with our expectations, and consisted of cash used in operations equal to $4.6 million and capital spending of $5.6 million. The cash used in operations was primarily driven by increased accounts receivable, which I will address shortly.
Capital spending consisted of investments in our infrastructure and on additional devices in support of our growth. Net accounts receivable were $47.9 million compared to $39.4 million at the end of 2008, with DSO of 110 days, which is in line with our expectations for the quarter. DSO increased by 12 days, primarily reflecting the usual receivables pattern early in the year of companies like CardioNet that have a significant percentage of revenue which is reimbursed by commercial health plans.
As you all know, health plans reset copays and deductibles annually at January 1 and as a result, in the first quarter a larger percentage of our receivables are due from individuals rather than from the commercial plans. This had the effect of softening collections in the first quarter and negatively impacted our DSO. We experienced the same impact in the first quarter of previous years.
Regardless of the impact of the resetting of deductibles and copays, as we have previously acknowledged, we believe that our accounts receivables is at an unsatisfactory level. And correcting the situation and lowering our bad debt expense are two of CardioNet's highest priorities for 2009. We have several initiatives underway to remedy this situation.
Our action plan addresses people and process and consists of the following key points. We have hired an executive with over 20 years experience in healthcare receivables. This individual reports directly to me, and with me is spearheading our actions in this area to deliver immediate results and continuous improvement in the future.
Second, we are reviewing our receivables' function and restructuring as necessary to ensure effective and timely processing and collection of receivables. Third, we have partnered with a major consulting firm in this area to ensure we employ best practices and that our receivables' function meets the Company's needs for today and for the future. And lastly, with respect to older receivables, we are outsourcing their collection to a firm very experienced in this type of effort.
We are committed to making significant progress in lowering our DSO and are confident in our ability to do so. However, we do not expect to see DSOs significantly reduce until the third or fourth quarter of this year, as it will take time to realize the impact of these initiatives.
Looking forward and turning to our guidance, I would like to provide some additional detail around our outlook for 2009. As we indicated in our earnings release, we are reaffirming our 2009 outlook of $0.69 to $0.73 per diluted share, excluding the impact of net operating losses, which does not take into consideration a potential $0.01 per share dilution that may occur due to the pending merger with Biotel.
With respect to the quarters in 2009, we expect sequential quarterly revenue growth to be consistently in the low to mid teens. As for the pace of earnings across the year, we continue to anticipate that our quarterly EPS flow in the first half of 2009 will be very similar to that which we experienced in 2008, and that the growth in EPS in 2009 compared to 2008 incurs entirely in the second half of 2009.
This earnings phasing is primarily driven by increased expense due to the new account executives coming onboard in the first half of this year, with limited productivity expected until the latter part of the year.
Regarding the impact of NOLs and other tax related items on our future results, in 2009 we expect to fully realize the remaining P&L benefit of the NOLs, resulting in a favorable impact on earnings of $1 to $1.30 per diluted share. We expect to reflect this benefit in our third quarter GAAP results.
On a cash basis in 2009 we expect a favorable impact on cash due to the avoidance of cash payments of approximately $4.6 million, with similar cash impacts expected in both 2010 and 2011. We believe that we will have substantially exhausted all of the NOL cash benefit by the end of 2011. With respect to our effective tax rate, for 2009 we expect the rate to be 41%, excluding the impact of NOLs and other tax related items. We also expect a similar rate in 2010 and 2011.
Thank you, and I will now turn the call back to Randy for some closing comments.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Thank you, Marty. Year-to-date, we have compiled an impressive list of accomplishments for a young company, in addition to posting our fifth consecutive quarter of increased revenues. We've launched a new state-of-the-art monitoring center. We've increased our sales force by nearly 50%. We announced the acquisition of Biotel. We've added over 4 million covered new lives.
We've positioned ourselves for several major announcements at the Heart Rhythm Society meeting. We've completely retooled our accounts receivables organization. We've obtained over 95% satisfaction rating from all MCOT users. We fully converted to the C3 MCOT platform. We've enhanced the leadership in the Company by way of example with our new senior vice president of sales.
We've announced a medical advisory board with some of the most influential thought leaders in our industry. We've improved numerous key operational metrics, including reducing turnover by over 50%. And, as of yesterday, we've hit a new milestone, surpassing 600 physician MCOT referrals per day.
The future for CardioNet is very bright indeed. We have already established ourselves as the best-in-class company in cardiac monitoring and we're building a platform for CardioNet as a leader in the emerging field of wireless medicine.
At this point, we will take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions)
Your first question will come from the line of Amit Bhalla with Citi. Please proceed.
Amit Bhalla - Analyst
Hi. Good afternoon. I wanted to start with just sales force for a minute, given the ramp-up in the sales force this quarter. Marty, can you just go back and just remind us what your assumptions are for these sales reps, how long it'll take them to be productive? And then just spend a minute talking through what assumptions there are for the revenue that can be generated for a new rep, versus one that's been onboard for 12 months or longer. And, I have two more.
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Okay, Amit. Good afternoon, first of all. As far as our assumptions about the productivity of a new rep, what we have modeled is that the rep is an account executive as we call them, are breaking even in terms of the revenue they generate versus the cost of them. We model that they are breakeven in the eighth or ninth month essentially.
And then what we do as far as modeling a new rep versus one that's been more than 12 months -- onboard more than 12 months, we have seen what the pattern is historically, primarily in 2007 and 2008 and modeled consistently with that to track a new rep. And he'll be held lower -- a lower assumption of sales in their first 12 months compared to one that's been onboard for longer.
Amit Bhalla - Analyst
Can you put any numbers around that?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Well, over the top you'll see that in 2008 the average rep was in the range of $1.2 million, $1.4 million. A new rep in their first year is less than that, obviously, somewhere in the half to three-quarters range -- about a half, use a half, half that productive in his first year on an annual basis.
Amit Bhalla - Analyst
Okay, thanks. And then two quick follow-ups. In terms of the receivables and the DSOs, are CMS still collecting on the 30 to 60 base schedule and have any commercial payors taken longer to actually pay you guys?
And then a question for Phil on reimbursement. Phil, can you just go through for us the inputs that CMS looks at when they're trying to determine physician fee as well as technical fee rates for the technology? Thanks.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
So, Amit, first let me take the receivable and payment question. So Medicare, we have not seen Medicare increasing the time it takes. They pay usually within 30 days. And we're not seeing at this stage anything in terms of our commercial payors extending their amount of time.
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
Okay, Amit. Hi. How are you? In regards to the inputs with CMS, it's broken down into two parts. One is what the PERC and the RUC look at, which is the number of minutes that actually our monitoring center technicians monitor the patients over the course of the average length of service, which was established to be 14 days, and is related to valuing the CPT code.
And basically any technician time where we're touching the patient, either monitoring the patient, preparing the equipment for the patient, configuring the device for the patient, device retrieval calls, and patient education. And that's one part of the process. The second part is we would submit directly to CMS our capital equipment costs, which is the cost of a device, hardware, software, to run the monitoring center. And those two things go into formulas at CMS and ultimately the reimbursement for the technical component.
As it relates to the professional component, there was survey data done by the ACC and HRS that CardioNet was not a part of. And that information was submitted also directly to CMS last year.
Amit Bhalla - Analyst
And maybe just kind of talk to us about what your assumptions are for reimbursement going forward. And I'll jump back. Thanks.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
At our -- in our three-year -- in our earnings projections that we put out through 2011, we have assumed some reduction in reimbursement that's factored into the earnings projections we put out there. As a matter of process, we really work hand in glove with Highmark and CMS on an ongoing basis.
And as Phil went through the detail, candidly the argument is just as strong that we could justify a higher level of reimbursement as there would be any reduction. So that's the way the process works. We know of no reason today to expect any significant change in the reimbursement levels.
Amit Bhalla - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Bob Hopkins with Bank of America/Merrill Lynch. Please proceed.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Hi. Thanks and, good afternoon. Can you hear me okay?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Yes, Bob.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Great. Marty, I just wanted to start with a question on the cash. And obviously as time goes on, if your projections come through, you'll be generating more cash. But I'm just wondering what do you think the probability is over the next 12 months, given the current cash position and cash burn, that you'll seek to raise additional capital?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Well, we don't -- we do not see -- we do not anticipate needing to do that as business continues -- normal business.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
I can say definitively that based on our current projections, we would not encumber the balance sheet with any new debt vehicle or issuing shares to raise capital whatsoever. The cash flow from operations should more than meet our needs and any short term debt that we would have would be well within our current cash flow ability.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Okay. Thanks. And then just wanted to ask a couple on reimbursement. First, in all the back and forth with Highmark over the course of the last week, did you ask them specifically about your reimbursement rate and whether or not it was under review at the current time?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
We really have an outstanding relationship with Highmark and a dialog with them that is weekly, if not more frequently and this always happens. And Phil went through the detailed explanation of how reimbursement is determined and we have no question that if there was any meaningful or anticipated change in the reimbursement rates that we would be well aware of that.
That's the professional relationship that exists with Highmark. And so at this point in time, we see nothing that would significantly change our current rate of reimbursement.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
So you did ask them specifically about whether or not reimbursement rate was under review at the current time and they said no?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
As I just said, we know of nothing, based on our relationship with Highmark, that would anticipate any change in reimbursement whatsoever.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Okay. And then do you have a sense as to whether or not Medicare will take over the pricing process this July or whether that'll take another year?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
We're pursuing -- I guess it's business as usual with the process of getting them the information, which we'll be doing over the summer and meeting with them. Right now it's slated to go down that path, but given the fact that there's no appointed leadership yet in CMS, the staffers that we are dealing with are moving ahead with the caveat that when the leadership is appointed, things could change and their resources be pulled other places. But right now, we're headed down that path.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Okay, so, if you were to -- would you care to put a probability on the action this summer versus 2010?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
No.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Okay. And then just one other thing on Highmark just to clarify. In the past, has there been sort of an annual review process or has it just been semiannual or has there been any consistency to the process in the past?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Yes, the consistency to the process has been what I stated before and that's there's an ongoing relationship between Highmark and ourselves and, frankly, with CMS. But there's not a scheduled event.
It's -- we are -- you have to remember that CardioNet is really the pioneer in this whole area of wireless medicine. And I think there has been this absolutely professional and collaborative relationship between the payors and us on justifying and understanding the cost benefit of what we do. So it's really just -- I can't --
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Okay.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
-- say it one more time, that it's just an ongoing and a very collaborative effort between the parties that are involved.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
And then last one for me, going back to Marty. Marty, could you give us the bad debt expense this quarter and the last couple of quarters so we can get a sense as to trend? And right now are WellPoint and United currently reimbursing for your procedure -- your technology?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Well, Bob, first I'll take the expense question. So in the quarter, the bad debt expense that you'll find was in G&A expense. It's $3.8 million, or 10.7% of revenue. Actually it compares to the fourth quarter of last year, which was $4.4 million, or 12.7% of revenue.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
Sequentially, okay.
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
-- reimbursement, Phil?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
Yes. Right now with both companies we're in active review on the technical assessment. When we do receive referrals, we've been able to get ad hoc coverage from the authorization procedure and then we've moved forward with providing them with the MCOT system.
Bob Hopkins - Analyst
And then -- sorry, one other little one because I think this is important. Do you guys have evidence that any of your insurers have turned down the competition for lack of data? Is that something that's happening in the marketplace, or are the other insurance companies reimbursing for these guys despite the lack of data? Thank you.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Yes, I think you'd have to address that to our competition. So, with that, Tanya, we'll take the next questioner.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Rick Wise with Leerink Swann. Please proceed.
Rick Wise - Analyst
Good afternoon, everybody. Marty, you highlighted that you expect -- and actually Randy too, that you expect to complete the sales expansion by the middle of this year. Sounds like that's happening a little ahead of schedule. Maybe if you could help us think through the dollars or percentage of sales, the impact that that could have on the second quarter. It certainly makes it a tougher comp. But how do we think about the second half? Do we take whatever that second quarter rate is and assume the dollars stay the same in the second half? Can you help us think through those issues?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Well, what happens is the sales expense does track up, then, from the first quarter to the second quarter. And then you'd see, Rick, is that it pretty much holds at about that level in the third and fourth quarters in terms of absolute dollars.
Rick Wise - Analyst
And so from that time on, and maybe into 2010 we should expect to see some positive leverage on the SG&A line with SG&A growing slower than whatever your sales growth rate is?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Well, we certainly see -- expect to see that we'll finish -- we expect to see 2009 full year sales and marketing expense to be up over the --
Rick Wise - Analyst
Sure.
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
-- we've said that in the past. We do expect that you'd see that as a percentage of revenue coming down, though, in 2010, down to about the levels we were at in 2008.
Rick Wise - Analyst
Yes. Turning to the Biotel, maybe talk a little bit about, now that you've had a chance to think about it a little more, some of the potential there in terms of new technology and maybe more specifically, Randy, highlight some of the corporate initiatives. How quickly can you get that off the ground? Is that all reflected in your go-forward guidance?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Yes, well, the Biotel acquisition, which we hope to close by midyear, Rick, really there are several keys to the rationale of that acquisition. One is, of course, we believe they have the leading wireless event monitor in the industry today. And so when we add that to the CardioNet portfolio of products, we think whether it's at the Holter end of the business, the wireless event monitoring business or certainly the MCOT, we'll by far have the most competitive range of products in the industry.
So that's going to be a real, we think, stimulus to our sales presentation. And of course the wireless event introduces many physicians for the first time to wireless technology and we think that will accelerate the conversion from event to MCOT. So we're very excited about that.
The second aspect of the acquisition of Biotel is some of the research and development efforts they've made both on the hardware and the software and the algorithm design side of the business that we will be incorporating into our next generation MCOT system -- next generation being the next system introduced beyond our current C3 system.
The third dimension of the Biotel acquisition relates to the clinical research services business, known as Agility within Biotel. Agility currently sells to medical device companies during clinical trials for device development.
We had thought for a long time here that the MCOT technology, as it currently exists and probably more importantly as it will evolve in the next generation, is ideally suited to contract clinical research services for both device and drug companies during product development. So Agility really gives us a bit of a jumpstart on that since they have an existing business in that space.
We will be adding additional resource to the Agility business the second half of this year to accelerate their sales and marketing efforts to device and drug companies. Concurrent with that, we know that the MCOT platform will have to go through some enhancements to offer some more specific applications to make us really competitive in the cardiac safety space of the business, which I know you're aware, Rick, is a very attractive business to be in.
So in order of magnitude, I think this business, with our added resource into it, will begin to pick up momentum going into 2010. But then I would expect, given the way that we integrate the development, there'll be an inflection point 18 to 24 months down the road where we would see accelerated growth in this business.
You'll certainly recall that we started a similar business at VIASYS, called VIASYS Clinical Services, which leveraged our infrastructure much in the same way that we expect Agility to do at CardioNet. And that business in five short years went from zero revenue, to $40 million to $50 million of revenue.
And I understand today is doing -- it's been about two years since it was sold, doing about $100 million a year on a run rate basis. So, we have experience in this space. Done properly, it can be a very attractive business. The margins in that business are probably a bit accretive to our current margins and so we're very excited about it.
And then lastly with respect to Biotel, with that acquisition they bring to us manufacturing capacity. And given our rates of growth in CardioNet, that manufacturing capacity is an asset as well.
Rick Wise - Analyst
All right. Just a couple of quick last ones. You talked about the DSOs and the bad debt. Marty or Randy, where should we think DSOs can go by the end of this year and bad debt? Do DSOs get back below 100? Does bad debt get cut in half from here?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Yes, so, Rick, I'll take that one. The DSO, we have said in the past and it's still our belief that by the end of the year with the efforts ongoing that we should be down somewhere in the 80s we would say. So it's certainly off the 100-day mark.
And then as far as the expense, the bad debt expense, we do see it in 2009, this year on a full year basis, being at about the 9%, somewhere in that ballpark, with more dramatic reduction in 2010. The initiatives, as we said, as my prepared comments said, will take some time to take effect. But clearly we do think we can get the bad debt expense down, so I'm saying significantly over the two-year period.
Rick Wise - Analyst
Okay. And just a last one. Just any updates on the competitive front we'd welcome. We've been hearing that LifeWatch has launched a newer generation three-channel device. Just maybe your thoughts on how this might impact BEAT, if at all. Thanks a lot.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Sure. Let me start first. And I'm going to just back up a little bit on the whole competitive front and readdress a question that Bob Hopkins from BofA asked. Without question, we win business today because of the tremendous success of our clinical research.
As I mentioned before, we have had published studies or abstracts in 21 areas that range from efficacy, catheter ablation, surgical ablation, rhythm control, cryptogenic stroke, et cetera. No one else has done that. We are selling to some of the smartest people in the medical industry, cardiologists and electrophysiologists.
And so the answer certainly is yes, a majority of the time that we are selling to a new physician practice, that clinical research is overwhelmingly important. But I'd like to add a more specific example.
A week ago I was visiting with the leading cardiologist for one of the major healthcare institutes in America. When I sat down with him, the first thing he brought up to me was that his institute was -- he had just joined this institute recently and found out they were using a competitive technology. In his own words, he was outraged that they weren't using CardioNet because the competitor had no clinical support for their claims whatsoever.
And so I think I can say with a high degree of probability that we will be winning -- CardioNet will be moving into that account in the very near future. And people like Anna, who run our clinical research organization, and myself personally make those kinds of -- build those kinds of relationships because this clinical research, which Anna has really led, is so compelling that any institute or any physician and, in fact, the payors, really, really respect.
Anna?
Anna McNamara - SVP, Clinical Operations
I agree with what you're saying. The device and the new one that was brought out by LifeWatch has additional features. And because it has additional features, the question is -- it still always gets back to what is the research that shows these things work. And I think that's the edge that CardioNet has in all of this.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Great. So thanks, Rick.
Rick Wise - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Matt Dolan with Roth Capital. Please proceed.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
Hi, guys. Good afternoon.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Hi, Matt.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
A couple of follow-ups really, first on the sales force productivity. As you look at this new class of reps and considering that you're filtering through on about a ten to one ratio, it sounds like you're getting a high quality group. Can you give some early feedback on how they might be tracking here in the early days relative to your prior additions?
And given your rapid hiring here in Q1, should we expect from a trajectory standpoint the back half of the year to show an acceleration from this class in terms of revenue?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Okay, Matt. (inaudible) thus far since we're just entering the second quarter, I think we hired relative to the 41 number -- relatively small number in the first quarter. So it's all anecdotal now.
But I can tell you that I was meeting with the sales leadership this week, to give you an example, in Houston where we hired a new, more experienced rep. The turnaround in that territory they said was almost instantaneous. So a lot of these experienced reps that we're hiring, we're hiring them all within their existing geography.
So they have a high level of experience with the cardiologists and the electrophysiologists, as well as the hospitals in their geography. They have great relationships. So we think they're hitting the ground pretty quickly. We can't quantify that yet because it's too early in the game.
We just completed a sales training class this week. I think all of us in this room, including myself, were instructors in. And you just -- again, it's qualitative at this stage. But these are some high caliber people. So in terms of trajectory on the second half, as you asked, Matt, we think that it could be a positive trajectory from what we've planned, but it's just too early to even speculate.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
Okay, very good. And then on the reimbursement side, just one question there. How do you expect the 2010 reimbursement rate to be determined from a timing standpoint, maybe walk us through how that could possibly be disseminated, if that's something you can put together at this point?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
Hi. This is Phil. If CMS goes through the process of pricing the code for -- nationally pricing the code for 2010 and beyond, we would go through that over the summer months. And that information would be made public by CMS in the final rules for 2009, which would come out the end of October, beginning of November. It's an annual process. And then that's how it would be disseminated.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
And through Highmark?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
It's business as usual, the process that we go through with them every year.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
Okay. And then just on the Biotel side, when that deal closes, looks like that was about a $12 million business last year. I know they sold to some competitors. How should we think about that in terms of revenue contribution once integrated? And maybe for Anna, do you foresee this -- how do you foresee the timing of this integration and really the potential to add this service to your platform?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Yes, Matt. So this is Marty. So as far as what we're modeling going forward, should the deal occur, is we're looking at the same historicals as you are and tweaking the numbers down a bit because of the element where the competitor's sourcing product.
But then there's the -- obviously the opportunity then to grow the wireless event monitor. I don't think we're ready at this stage to give you a specific numbers. We'll -- once the deal closes, we'll be able to talk to that more. But we have the wireless event monitor and then obviously the clinical research piece.
Matt Dolan - Analyst
Sure.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Alan Fishman with Thomas Weisel Partners. Please proceed.
Alan Fishman - Analyst
Hi. Thanks for taking the question. My first question, I guess right now you have 129 sales reps. What was the average number in the quarter for modeling purposes?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
The average for the quarter was 101 reps.
Alan Fishman - Analyst
101. Oh, good. Thank you. And then my second question is in the fourth quarter you changed the amortizable life of the C3 device from three to five years. Is there any -- can you quantify the impact of that on the gross margin year-over-year comparison in the first quarter?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Yes. What I mentioned before, the 430 basis point improvement, there's about 100 basis points due to that change going from the three years to the -- going from the two years to the three years.
Alan Fishman - Analyst
Oh, two to three years. Thanks. My mistake. Thank you. That's all my questions.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Keay Nakae with Collins Stewart. Please proceed.
Keay Nakae
Yes, a couple of questions about the Biotel acquisition and specifically, the Agility group. How many folks are in that group, and how many would you expect to add?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Today in the Agility group there are only about seven or eight people there, including those who sell and those who provide the support services. My expectation is that this year we will add another six to eight people, some directed towards selling to the device and the pharmaceutical industry, the rest would be adding additional infrastructure support.
Agility is based in Chicago, so they have servers and computers for the data management for the services they sell. So in order of magnitude, we will about double the organization this year from, if you will, seven or eight to 14 to 16.
Keay Nakae
Okay. And as you move into supporting the clinical trials, especially on the pharma side, I assume you're talking about thorough QT studies. And if so, what would you bring to the table in order to compete effectively against say any research.
Anna McNamara - SVP, Clinical Operations
We're not really looking at thorough QT studies initially. Initially, we'll be looking at later phase trials and not only for the QT, but also for arrhythmia.
Keay Nakae
Okay, very good. And then just a final question. What would you estimate your market share is currently versus LifeWatch?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
We all tend, to quote this Frost & Sullivan number of $2 billion. We're on a run rate this year we think to do about $170 million, so that would put us where, about 8% to 9% of the total market. I don't know what any competitors run rate would be for this year, so you could probably take a look at their -- anybody's forecast against the $2 billion and estimate their share of the market.
Keay Nakae
Okay, thank you.
Operator
And your next question will come from the line of Glen Navarro with RBC Capital markets. Please proceed.
Michael Hunt - Analyst
Yes, it's Michael Hunt from Barclays Capital. One question. Have you seen any indication that the MCOT technical fee is currently under review at Highmark?
Marty Galvan - SVP, CFO
Okay, were you on the call earlier?
Michael Hunt - Analyst
Yes.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Okay, I think we've pretty much covered -- exhausted that. Tanya?
Operator
Your next question will come from the line of Milan Gupta with Southpoint Capital. Please proceed.
Milan Gupta - Analyst
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Can you guys say -- a different question on reimbursement. As a percent of your payors, how many are reimbursing the physicians on a case rate basis, versus a daily rate?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
As we migrate to the new CPT code, it becomes less and less. But prior to the code, virtually all the payors paid them on a -- other than Medicare, on a per day basis. And throughout 2009, as the payors implement the new code into their system, it'll decrease and we anticipate everyone being on the case rate payment by the end of the year.
Milan Gupta - Analyst
Do you know where it stands right now as a rough mix?
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
It's hard for -- I can speak on the technical side. We've transitioned roughly 22% of our contracts over to the new code, with many more pending for the next quarter.
Milan Gupta - Analyst
Got you. And then --
Phil Leone - SVP, Managed Care
(inaudible - microphone inaccessible)
Milan Gupta - Analyst
How often are the actual costs -- like you guys say you furnish Highmark with your cost information in terms of capital costs and things like that. How often are those data exchanged?
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Well, there's no calendar for when that happens. As we've, I think, said, we have this ongoing dialog with both Highmark and CMS and that -- whenever they want to engage in discussion on the cost structure or the CardioNet technology, we provide the information. They are essentially as up to date on our cost infrastructure as we are.
So that could -- it could happen at any given point in time. But it's really an ongoing process. There's no calendar event that dictates when that information is provided or even requested.
Milan Gupta - Analyst
Got it. Thanks a lot.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
You're welcome. Thank you.
Operator
And there are no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Randy Thurman for closing remarks.
Randy Thurman - Chairman, President, CEO
Well, thank you very much and thank all of you for participating in today's call. As you can see, by not only the financial results of CardioNet year-to-date but also the substantial progress that we've made on a lot of fronts, whether it's the hiring of the sales professionals or clinical research or the pending announcements at the Heart Rhythm Society, your company is doing extraordinarily well. People here are really focused on the near term execution of all of our goals and objectives, as well as the very exciting long term opportunity for CardioNet.
So thank you very much. We look forward to speaking with you at the end of the second quarter.
Operator
If you joined the conference late today, you may listen to the conference on digital replay, which will be available from April 30th to May 7, 2009 on 888-286-8010 or 617-801-6888, with pass code 80739901. You may now disconnect, and have a great day.