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Operator
Greetings and welcome to the AxoGen third-quarter 2015 results conference call.
(Operator Instructions)
As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host Doug Sherk. Thank you, you may begin.
Doug Sherk - IR
Thank you, Diego, and good afternoon everyone. Thank you for joining us today for the AxoGen conference call to discuss the financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2015.
Today's call is being broadcast live via webcast which is available on the AxoGen website. Within an hour following the end of the live call a replay will be available on the Company's website at www.axogeninc.com under the investors tab.
Before we get started I'd like to remind you that during the course of this conference call the Company will make projections and forward-looking statements regarding future events. We encourage you to review the Company's past and future filings with the SEC including without limitation on the Company's Forms 10-K and 10-Q which identify the specific factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. These factors may include without limitation statements regarding product potential, regulatory environment, sales and marketing strategies, capital resources or operating performance.
With that I would like to turn the call over to Karen Zaderej, President and Chief Executive Officer of AxoGen.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Thank you, Doug, and good afternoon everyone. Welcome to our third-quarter 2015 conference call. Joining me on the call today is Greg Freitag, our Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel and Senior VP of Business Development.
AxoGen has had an exciting and uneventful quarter. I'd like to start with an overview of the results from the quarter and then provide an update on the continued execution of our strategic growth plan.
We achieved record quarterly revenue of $8.15 million, representing a 74.5% increase over the year-ago third quarter. Sequentially this represents a 27% increase compared to the 2015 second quarter which further demonstrates the significant progress we are making.
In addition to the record revenue, our gross margins remain strong at more than 82%. The strategies we are executing are resulting in shifts in surgeon treatment algorithms.
We continue to implement our plan and deliver improved sales performance. This successful execution has enabled us to increase our revenue guidance for 2015 to exceed $26.5 million. As you recall our initial guidance this year was for revenue to exceed $24 million.
There are several factors driving our growth. We continue to add new accounts and drive penetration and repeat usage of our products in our existing accounts.
We're working to expand the treatment algorithm of the surgeons starting to use our products to include all three of our products and in various types of nerve injuries. We now have more than 300 active accounts and the number of accounts using two or more of our brands increased substantially over the third quarter in 2014.
We have demonstrated that accounts ordering all three of our products generate approximately five times more revenue than an account ordering just one product. Our surgeon education events reinforce this changing algorithm and support our sales focus to increase penetration and repeat usage in our existing accounts. Our team is executing well and this is yielded an impressive result.
Peripheral nerve repair is a large and untapped market opportunity but it's estimated to be greater than $1.6 billion. I believe we're uniquely positioned to provide the best solution to this market. We address an issue for surgeons of how to provide treatment options for patients in a safe and cost-effective manner without the potential complications of a second surgery.
Our unique products, comprehensive product portfolio and regulatory strategies provide a competitive barrier to entry as we develop this market. AxoGen's portfolio of nerve repair products including Avance Nerve Graft, AxoGuard Nerve Connector and AxoGuard Nerve Protector provide surgeons with the off-the-shelf options to restore quality-of-life to patients suffering from peripheral nerve injury. Our products eliminate the need for a second surgery and offer new options to treat the more than 900,000 nerve injuries that will be surgically repaired this year in the US.
I'd like to take a moment to quickly review our market development and sales approach which our team continues to successfully execute. We have previously referred to this as our four pillar growth strategy.
First, building market awareness continues to be a strategic focus for us and we continue to execute to this pillar. To make surgeons aware of AxoGen's treatment options we are interacting with them at hospitals, clinical conferences, promotional events and the surgeon education courses we sponsor.
Our second pillar of growth is focused on surgeon education and the development of surgeon advocates. Our professional educational programs supplement our local educational efforts and our peer-to-peer education opportunities where we review the latest science and best practices in surgical nerve repair. We've held nine of these events in the past 12 months. These are highly successful events from both the surgeon and the Company perspective and we continue to generate on average a greater than 80% increase in revenue from the surgeons who attend the events.
The third pillar we focus on is growing our body of clinical data. We continue to make progress building data to assist surgeons in the decision-making process. This past quarter surgeons presented data on AxoGen's Avance Nerve Graft during several podium presentations including data from the RANGER registry at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.
The RANGER registry, a multicenter observational clinical registry in peripheral nerve repair, is aiding surgeons in making better informed clinical decisions. Through the third quarter this critical study has expanded to include more than 750 nerve repairs with Avance Nerve Graft enrolled in the study. In addition, we've begun enrollment in the RECON study, a multicenter prospective randomized controlled blinded study comparing Avance Nerve Graft to manufactured collagen tubes in digital nerve repairs.
The fourth pillar is our solid sales execution. We've continued to grow our salesforce to strategically focus on expansion in key markets while simultaneously increasing the frequency of usage in existing accounts. As of today, our salesforce consists of 38 direct reps and 23 independent agencies in the field representing our products.
Our goal is to add new accounts and drive penetration deeper into existing accounts. Our team now has a solid understanding of the science of nerve repair and the ability to deliver a clear and compelling message about all three of our products.
Our focus remains on helping surgeons improve nerve repair algorithms and outcomes. As part of that mission today we're announcing a fifth pillar to our growth strategy through the expansion of our product portfolio and the expansion into new markets for our product portfolio. The first component of this fifth pillar is the latest addition to our product portfolio, AcroVal neurosensory & motor testing system.
We believe that an important step for improving patient outcomes is to support the standardized evaluation and measurement of nerve function. Today there is little consistency of measurement protocols.
With the AcroVal we believe examiners will be able to have less subjective results for their patients with injuries like certain peripheral neuropathies, nerve compression injuries and transected nerves. Ultimately, standardization of assessment techniques will facilitate comparison and interpretation of clinical functions leading to better understanding and care for patients with peripheral nerve injuries.
The AcroVal is a continuation of AxoGen's commitment to the promotion and education of best practices in peripheral nerve repair. On a standalone basis AcroVal's direct contribution to AxoGen's revenue growth is expected to be relatively minor. However, we believe that by working towards a standardization of assessment techniques the AcroVal will continue to establish AxoGen as the peripheral nerve repair solution provider and broaden our presence with our target customers.
The AcroVal is based upon a device invented by Lee Dellon of the Dellon Institute for peripheral nerve repair. Dr. Dellon is one of the world's renowned thought leaders in the field of peripheral nerve repair.
AxoGen has entered into a collaboration with Dr. Dellon to develop the AcroVal which is anticipated to be launched in the first quarter of next year. With the commercialization of AcroVal AxoGen is expanding our role as the solution provider to the peripheral nerve repair market.
We believe that there are more opportunities to improve peripheral nerve repair. In addition to our current focus in the upper extremity and oral maxillofacial market we've identified opportunities in head and neck surgery, neurology, breast reconstruction and lower extremity.
We are working to assess these market opportunities and have other programs in our product pipeline. We anticipate the release of the second new product in late 2016.
Finally, in August we entered into a transaction with Essex Woodlands, a leading investment firm focused on growth-oriented healthcare companies. The Essex Woodlands investment resulted in net proceeds of approximately $17.2 million to AxoGen. With the strengthening of our balance sheet we have the resources in place to execute our business plan as well as consider additional growth and revenue opportunities like the AcroVal we've announced today.
We also believe that our current capital will be sufficient for us to reach profitability. In addition to increasing our capital position we gain access to the experience and relationships of the Essex Woodlands organization including the addition of Guido Neels to the AxoGen Board of Directors. We welcome Guido to the Board and believe he will be an outstanding advisor as we continue to execute our global growth plans.
I will now turn the call over to Greg who will provide you some additional details about the third-quarter results. Greg?
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
Thanks, Karen, and good afternoon everyone. Given that Karen has provided details about our revenue performance I will begin my prepared remarks on our gross margin other components of our P&L and balance sheet.
Gross profit for the third quarter increased 78.3% to $6.74 million compared to $3.78 million for the prior year's third quarter. Gross margin was 82.7% compared to 80.8% in the year-ago third quarter.
The year-over-year expansion reflects processing efficiencies and a favorable product mix. Preparation for the move of our Avance manufacturing to CTS in Dayton, Ohio is going smoothly and we expect it to be operational on schedule by the end of the first quarter of 2016. In the third quarter the implementation of this transition had little impact to gross margin.
Now let me turn to expenses. As we have discussed in prior calls, we continue to invest in the sales and marketing to raise our awareness of our products and our market and to expand our sales footprint. Sales and marketing expenses increased to $5.51 million compared to last year's third quarter of $3.25 million.
Factors impacting this increase are primarily due to the expansion of the direct sales force, increased support for the direct sales force and independent distributors, surge in education and development of new products and markets. We ended the quarter with 38 direct reps, up from 27 at the end of 2014 third quarter.
For the third quarter of 2015, general and administrative expenses increased to $2.2 million compared to $1.64 million in the third quarter of 2014. This increase was primarily a result of increased expenses related to employee compensation of which $335,000 was non-cash and related to employee stock options. In addition we had higher professional service fees during the quarter.
As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2015 dropped 8.1% and 12.4% respectively as compared to the comparable periods in 2014. R&D spending increased 37.4% to roughly $936,000 as compared to $681,000 in the year-ago third quarter. It is expected that R&D costs will further increase in 2016 as we invest in our fifth pillar of growth which Karen touched upon earlier and as we continue enrollment of our RECON clinical trial.
The third-quarter interest expense was approximately $1 million compared to approximately $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2014. The decrease was due to the difference in the interest expense related to the Three Peaks facility compared to the interest expense related to our former financing.
We ended the third quarter with $29.9 million in cash. Our cash burn for the third quarter was approximately $3.16 million, or $1.05 million per month.
This burn included extraordinary payments aggregating approximately $454,000 for expenses related to our first- and third-quarter financings, expansion of our Burleson distribution facility and the transition of our manufacturing facility. This represents approximately 15% of our third-quarter burn.
This afternoon we have also filed an S-3 shelf registration with the SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission. While we do not have any plans to access this shelf this filing provides the Company with maximum flexibility as we consider strategic options going forward.
As we have grown the top line significantly we have also continued to reduce our net loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 we decreased the net loss over $1.47 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Finally, with our strong third quarter we have increased our 2015 revenue guidance to exceed $26.5 million and reaffirm our gross margin guidance in the high 70% range.
With that I will hand the call back over to Karen for her closing remarks.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Thanks, Greg. In summary, strong operating momentum carried through the third quarter where we set another record for revenue.
Our year-to-date results reflect the successful execution of our strategy. With the strengthening of our balance sheet and cash position we can look ahead to implementing our fifth pillar of growth.
Before taking questions I want to thank our investors for their continued support and all of the members of the AxoGen team for their commitment to helping patients with nerve injuries. We're having an outstanding year as we continue to penetrate the peripheral nerve repair market.
At this point I'd like to open up the line for questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Dave Turkaly, JMP Securities.
Dave Turkaly - Analyst
Thanks a lot. Good to be clear here, was there anything one-time-ish in nature in the quarter and any stocking orders or anything like that? Or is this actual strength just in the business?
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
Pure strength and growth. There is nothing in there that is out of the ordinary on the revenue side.
Dave Turkaly - Analyst
And if we look at that, the performance I mean you mentioned the 300 active accounts. Would you say that your salesforce is more productive, there is more accounts?
I'm sure it's a combination but the strength surprised us a bit. If you wanted to point to one factor, is there one that you could point to that was very strong in the quarter or is it a combination of those factors?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
It's a combination of the factors. Both the number of accounts have gone up and the penetration into those accounts have gone up. So both are driving the revenue.
Dave Turkaly - Analyst
And then I guess just if we look at the guidance, obviously happy to see a raise. Implicit in it with the new range would be that the fourth quarter would be maybe down a little bit.
Is that conservatism? Or should we actually expect the trends that we're seeing now in the third quarter to continue? And then I guess the same as we head into 2016, sequentially should we see a build here?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
So we've seen some strong growth through the year which is why we've raised our annual consensus. In fourth quarter remember there's the holiday period. So while we think that the daily sales continue to see some momentum the impact, you won't see the same momentum in the fourth quarter in total.
Dave Turkaly - Analyst
Great, thanks a lot.
Operator
Bruce Jackson, Lake Street Capital Markets.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Hi, nice quarter.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Hi, Bruce, thank you.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
So obviously the surgeon education events have been an important component in terms of generating some market uptake. What do you have planned in terms of upcoming events and meetings for the rest of the year?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Well, we've completed seven year to date. We've got two more yet to go in this quarter and we will get those completed. And yes, they are a strong contributor to our revenue growth.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
And then getting back to the sales strength in the quarter, was it attributable to any particular practice area or surgeon specialty?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
No, the majority of our sales of course remain in upper extremity. That's the majority of our revenue and the growth of course a lot of it came from that. But we see it across the board.
It's not one surgeon, it's not one territory and it's not one class or type of surgeons. What we're really seeing is this momentum of surgeons starting to change what they're doing and they are talking to each other about changing what they do.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Okay, that's great. In terms of the salesforce, the target I believe for this year was 35 to 39. Any changes to that particular target?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
A small amount. We may accelerate some that we would've hired in the beginning of next year into this year. So at this point I would see us ending somewhere above 40, so just that's accelerating hires that we had planned to do next year.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Moving over to the new product, so we've got the AcroVal coming in Q1 2016. First, will there be any additional costs associated with that product?
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
No. Right now what you're seeing as part of the R&D increase is already baked into what we've been doing from the development side of that. Some marketing cost but kind of absorbed into the overall larger budget of the other products.
That product will be through our normal sales distribution group so it's not that we're adding having to add headcount. It goes into what is already our sales model which is one of the benefits of it going into the portfolio. So it's not something on the expense side that you will see any significant change on.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Okay and then in terms of the way that the product works and its measurement, is this consistent with the systems that the physicians are currently using to assess their patients? Can you tell us -- is there any advantage to using this particular device compared to what they are doing now aside from the standardization?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Yes, there is. There are multiple ways that you can measure sensory function and Dr. Dellon again is a leader in identifying that certain types of sensory function act as an early indicator for loss of nerve function. And so this is a more sensitive test than the test they typically use in two-point discrimination and will give an earlier indicator when there is nerve damage.
This isn't as much for obviously a transected nerve. You know it's damaged because it doesn't work at all but in compression injuries or in neuropathies you don't always know if there's a progression and this is an earlier, more sensitive indicator. By the same token as nerve is recovering after repair it's a more sensitive indicator telling you when you're starting to get functional recovery and it measures sensory function and then there's also grip and pen strength for hand function and motor function.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Okay. Then you mentioned one other new product for 2016. Is this going to be an implantable product by any chance?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Yes.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
And beyond that would you be willing to provide any additional color on what it's going to be?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Not yet. Stay tuned.
Bruce Jackson - Analyst
Okay, thank you very much.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Steve Salamon, ROSALIND.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
Hello everyone. Congratulations on an amazing quarter, frankly.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Thank you.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
It wasn't in my model. But maybe I can ask a little bit about your thoughts on overall market potential and where you think you are in terms of reaching full market potential for AxoGen and how we should think about that. I guess there's a portion of the market that doesn't really exist yet that's using graft that is going to move over to using your products but there is a portion that exists.
So can you help us to understand where you are in that growth trajectory both from a marketshare perspective and then in terms of growing the market? And maybe it's a topic for a whole Investor Day but if you could try to summarize.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Sure. Well the $1.6 billion break down into three basic areas. So first of all, it is based on traumatic upper extremity injuries and the oral maxillofacial market and then compression injuries, so that's what makes up that market.
When I talk about expansion markets that is all upside to the $1.6 billion. From there we break it into thinking about transfected nerves that are relatively short, so 5 millimeters and less in gap between the two nerve ends. And those today are traditionally repaired actually mostly with sutures.
So we're showing an alternative algorithm as compared to doing micro-sutures and that's what our AxoGuard connector is targeted for. Then where there is a gap, so when the nerve ends, something has caused a loss of segment between the two nerve ends that's actually fairly common in trauma because of the event of the trauma itself either takes some of the nerve out or the nerve ends are scarred and they need to turn back to healthy tissue which then creates a gap. And that's targeted to our Avance Nerve Graft.
And then finally would be the compression market and the compression market we sized it really only looking at recurrent carpal tunnel. So these are the procedures and the risk where a surgeon has gone in to relieve the pressure that's on the nerve that causes the pain in carpal tunnel and they cut a ligament to free that up but then following that about 20% of these patients recur in six months and that's now due to tissue infiltration back into the small channel that's putting compression on the nerve or tethering of the nerve. And our AxoGuard Protector both creates a sleeve around the nerve that stops it from being tethered and separates the surrounding tissue from putting pressure on the nerve and helps to relieve the concerns about a compression injury reoccurring.
So we sized that looking at the carpal tunnel revision market. Frankly, that could happen anywhere in the body, so there are upside opportunities in other parts of the body as well but we've really focused on that component. That's what makes up the $1.6 billion, so in terms of our progression of getting there we're at the very beginning stages.
We see that we're taking some share and as we see all of the products are selling we're taking some share away from those direct repairs where they would have used sutures. We're seeing that we are getting accounts that are replacing their conduits where they would have been using those instead of Avance.
And then or autografts and using Avance instead. So all of those are dynamics that we see happening as the marketplace changes. And it's really around continuing to build confidence that those algorithms are the right thing to do for their patients.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
Right. And I guess what I'm trying to get my head around is what part of the market exists today as a product market, what exists today in terms of procedures? Obviously you're estimating off procedures that exist but maybe are more labor intensive in the surgery but don't reflect product sales and what kind of a change of complete change in mindset that will cause incremental surgeries.
You know what I mean? I guess the question is what's your market share now of the product market or the market for nerve repair products at the moment versus the opportunity that AxoGen is building?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
We actually don't measure ourselves against the tubes directly because we consider that such a minor part of the market. And in all honesty I don't know because that's not how we look at things. We look at things in terms of the bigger potential.
Now there are products that are sold, the hollow tube send some collagen wraps that are sold. And that market traditionally has been in the $50 million, $55 million range. But again it's such a niche portion of the overall market that we don't really have our eyes focused on that.
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
The market -- what's important is the market in that FS is looking at repairs in the zero to 2.5 centimeter range. A lot of that is just done up in the hand. But there really never has been, quote, this market for product in peripheral nerve because there hasn't been the products available in order to address the procedures we're talking about that create that overall market.
So without a doubt if you look at our sales and our growth that is coming from those areas of replacing the procedures of direct suturing and the autograft with some of that coming from what are currently some product sales. But without a doubt as we eye this up where the growth comes from, where the continued growth comes from, where the market is is to change the two gold standards of direct suturing and autograft.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
That make sense. So the acceleration in growth that we're seeing in this quarter I guess it's fair to say is reflecting a paradigm shift or the beginning of a paradigm shift.
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
Correct. Actually that's a very good point. If we were to tell you that we thought most of our growth was into some product market in peripheral nerve repair that would not be good because there haven't been the products there.
In fact, it is about changing that paradigm. And that goes back to the points we've made with the four pillars and especially education and why that's been so successful is that it is not a matter of us trying to outsell another product, it is about us showing what the value of the products can be to those gold standards, how much better that can be for patients. And that's what's working.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
Okay, thank you for trying to guide me on that. I guess again we're trying to bridge that gap between your current revenue and the revenue potential and understand the path to that.
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
We're happy answering the question because this is one it is a little difficult to get one's arms around. If it was the other way and there was a big market then all your questions would be asking us about competition. So the beauty of this is we get to answer the market opportunity but we don't have to worry about answering questions about the four other competitors because they are not there.
Steve Salamon - Analyst
Right, got it. Okay, thank you. I will let you answer more questions.
Operator
Jack Frid.
Jack Frid - Analyst
Great quarter Karen and Greg. A question on the marketing side. The sales reps in-house versus the sales reps outside serve different targets as far as revenue, the reps versus the revenue for the outside?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Well, we set a target for sales for each territory because in addition to the variable of whether they are a direct rep or an independent agency they're also the factor of how long they've been with us and where they are in the development of that territory. And so each territory has a quota that we set up that's based on our estimation of looking at the potential of that territory and where they are in the development pathway.
So in any sales management process people who exceed their quota we're happy with and reward and are delighted that they are part of the team and people who miss their quota we evaluate what we do next whether it's an independent rep or it's somebody inside the team. We work hard to make sure we can get them up that curve but execution and results are important.
Jack Frid - Analyst
Besides the salary and commissions is there stock options for the salespeople that meet or exceed their quota?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
We have sales awards that provide some stock options to people who, yes, meet or, well, more than meet, exceed their quota. So the top reps get stock options as a bonus.
Jack Frid - Analyst
And I guess just one last question and I'm done, what kind of a sales person are you looking for? What kind of a background or age or experience I guess is what I'm trying to get at.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Well I obviously can't hire reps who have some experience in nerve repair given that we're really the pioneering Company developing the market. So we don't worry about that and we assume we're going to be training on it. But what we do look for is somebody who has solid sales experience in a previous medical product sold into the OR so that you've got somebody that you know is a good hunter and resilient and drives results.
We're looking for somebody who has experience in a conceptual sale and so by that I mean nerve repair is something that while everybody feels like they know what it is you can't see it. So you've got to be able to explain it and so there are other products that are like that but it's different than working with products, for example in the orthopedics market where you're looking at how parts fit together and it's very visual.
So we're looking for people who have solid sales experience in conceptual selling and finally we're looking for somebody who's been in a type of implant model like this where you really work to convert surgeons but it's not a high service component. So some sales models are as much or more service as they are teaching new algorithms and by that then selling. We find that those reps struggle because they spend time servicing surgeons that are already converted versus working with their partners or new people or expanding their algorithm.
So that's really what our interview process is built around. I think we've got a good profile built on the reps that we're hiring and Shawn McCarrey has done an outstanding job in leading the team and framing that up so that we can get people hitting the ground, go through our sales flow which has also spent some significant time and to make sure that they hit the ground running at know, again we have to teach on nerve so teach them the nerve information and they can start to be productive and contribute.
Jack Frid - Analyst
How long is the training to train a salesperson?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
When we bring somebody in they have two weeks of home study and then they have a one-week sales school and they do also field ride with sales trainers that add up to about another week. And then honestly they are still what we consider a rep who's learning and establishing their territory for the first 12 months. So they have added attention during that time period.
Jack Frid - Analyst
Okay, thank you for answering the questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) [Clint Hetchler].
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
Hi guys. I just want to say nice quarter again. I appreciate the hard work.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Thank you.
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
My question is how many territories are you running right now and what's your future expansion of territories do you think is available within the United States? I know there's other countries to deal with yet, so what do you think your expansion is for future territories?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
So that's a fabulous question and I'm going to give you the answer that I have given before but tell you we'll also be looking at it as we've gotten more data. So typically we've said we think that there are about 50 to 55 territories in the United States that we need to make sure that we have covered.
But we've also started looking at the depth that a rep can get into a territory and frankly some of those territories end up kind of big with large spaces and that's not productive time driving to some space. So we may be able to fill some territories again with independent distributors that cover the trauma centers in South Dakota which are great trauma centers that are kind of far apart, places like that.
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
Right. So you think 55 total and what do you have running right now?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
I'm sorry, you broke up there and I couldn't hear the question.
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
Do you think 55 total is what you're going to try to get to and how many are you operating in right now?
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Well, today we have 38 direct reps and by the end of the year we'll be above 40. We'll still have independent distributors again covering some spaces and we've not finalized what we'll do for next year.
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
Okay. So each rep is running one territory is how you're doing it right now.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
No, we do have some territories that are tandem territories again where they are larger and it's been a decision that we've made to say some territories will be more efficient if we go ahead and put two people working in tandem. Some territories are a solo direct rep. So it's been an individual territory by territory decision.
Clint Hetchler - Private Investor
Okay, thanks. You're doing a great job by the way. Thank you.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
Thank you.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, there are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the conference back over to management for closing remarks. Thank you.
Karen Zaderej - President, CEO & Director
We'd just like to thank everybody for joining us in our third-quarter update.
Greg Freitag - CFO, General Counsel, SVP Business Development, Director
Thank you.
Operator
All parties may disconnect. Have a good day.