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Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Q4 2009 Infospace earnings conference call for Infospace. I will be your operator for today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will facilitate a question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions). As a reminder, this conference is being recorded for replay purposes.
I'd now like to turn the conference over for your host for today, Ms. Stacy Ybarra, Senior Director of Corporate Communications. Please proceed, ma'am.
- Senior Director of Corporate Communications
Thank you, good afternoon and welcome to Infospace's fourth quarter and full year 2009 earnings conference call.
I'm Stacy Ybarra, Senior Director of Investor Relations. On the call today are Will Lansing, President and Chief Executive Officer, and David Binder, Chief Financial Officer.
During the course of this call, Infospace representatives will make forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, statements regarding Infospace's expectations about its online products and services, outlook for the future of our business and growth initiatives, acquisition strategy, and anticipated financial performance for first quarter 2010. Other statements that refer to our beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions, which may be made in response to questions, are also forward-looking statements for purposes of the Safe Harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Because these statements pertain to future events, they are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from our current expectations and beliefs.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks and other factors discussed in Infospace's most recent quarter report on Form 10-Q, on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Infospace assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement is made.
In addition, during this call our management will discuss GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. In the Press Release which was posted on our website, and filed with the SEC on Form 8-K, we will present GAAP and non-GAAP results along with the reconciliation tables, and the reasons for our presentation of non-GAAP information.
Now, I will turn the call over to Will Lansing. Following his comments, David will review fourth quarter results and our first quarter outlook. Then we will open it up -- the call to your questions.
- President & CEO
Thank you, Stacy. Welcome to the call today.
Infospace had an excellent fourth quarter. For the fourth quarter we delivered 92% year-over-year revenue growth, and posted solid adjusted EBITDA, capping a very strong year for us. We created significant shareholder value in 2009, and executed well against our plan. The bulk of the growth in the fourth quarter, and in the year, came from tremendous execution by the distribution team. In the fourth quarter we added eight new distribution partners, bringing our total distribution partners added for the year to 35.
The success we've seen on the distribution side is due primarily to our attractive offering for our partners. In particular, we are uniquely positioned to serve small to medium-sized partners. It is a good value proposition; we are able to offer value added services above and beyond what they might get if they went directly to Google or to Yahoo. In addition, we provide them with superior monetization.
While the growth in this business is encouraging, our volume moves up and down as our partners' volumes move up and down. In the fourth quarter we benefited from this volatility, but early this year we began to see a slowdown, as some of our partners have pulled back on their marketing campaigns from the fourth quarter. Although we are cautious in the short term, we continue to be optimistic about the long-term growth prospects of our syndication business, and are focused on developing additional tools and applications to help our partners grow and acquire new users.
While we recognize that most of the growth this year has come from our distribution business, we continue to invest in our own search products. The beauty of meta-search is that we can take advantage of the innovations of the big search engines, and leverage their technology. Our engineering and operations development is focused on building applications and user interface around search and other consumer-facing products. We also innovate in search by partnering with smaller start-ups to build functionality, while keeping our development costs low.
This strategy enables us to use our resources to launch new vertical sites to target niche groups. The goal is to complement an otherwise mature owned and operated search business by launching several of these new sites. Over time, even a few hundred thousand users can become an interesting financial proposition for us.
Beyond search, we are launching a few initiatives to take advantage of some of our core capabilities to help us diversify our business model. In the fourth quarter, we launched Haggle, a competitive shopping site that offers internet users the chance to bid for great deals on new brand name electronics, gift cards and other products. When we look at developing new organic sites outside search, we think about how we are going to be distinctive. So in an auction business, for example, we are not interested in going toe-to-toe with eBay. In the Haggle business model, users pay for bids, and they typically buy merchandise at extremely attractive prices when the auction closes. We distinguish ourselves by creating a competitive shopping experience, as well as offering a big bargain to our users. Haggle highlights our development strategy of building and launching consumer internet sites that allow us to use our existing traffic and capabilities to organically diversify our revenue beyond search.
What has remained consistent throughout, and remains true today, is that our number one goal is shareholder value. Our approach to obtaining this goal is diverse; we are not purists. That means in 2010, we will focus on accelerating the growth in our distribution business, building out our core search business, and launching organic new sites beyond search, like Haggle.
A fourth component to our strategy is the use of our cash for acquisitions. At the end of the fourth quarter, we had $226 million in cash on the balance sheet. As I have said on previous calls, we plan to deploy the cash to enter new businesses. We have a wide aperture for the types of deals we consider, and are reasonably unconstrained in our thinking about diversifying. Our criteria for investment include businesses that are profitable, or will likely be profitable soon, and have attractive growth prospects. Among other goals, we would like to accelerate the monetization of our $800 million in NOLs, which we believe will create significant shareholder value.
2009 was a great year for Infospace. Operationally we performed well, driven by the strength in the distribution business, and our ongoing efforts to improve operating efficiencies. I am proud of our record this year, the strength of our management team, and the execution of our employees. Our goal for 2010 is to strengthen our position for long-term growth in our business, and put the cash to work on some interesting acquisitions. If we succeed in those things, we will wind up creating a lot more shareholder value.
With that, I will turn the call over to David for more detail on the financials.
- CFO & Treasurer
Thanks, Will. Good afternoon.
I will start today with a review of our key income statement items, first with a discussion of our fourth quarter results, and then a review of the full year numbers for each metric. I will end my comments with an update of our cash position, and then provide guidance for the first quarter of 2010.
Total revenue in the fourth quarter was $70.5 million. This represents an increase from the prior quarter of 30%, and a year-over-year increase versus the fourth quarter of 2008 equal to 92%. In both cases, growth came from our distribution business, and represents performance significantly above the expectations we had when we first issued guidance. In the fourth quarter, the distribution business equaled 81% of our total revenue, which is up from 77% from the third quarter of 2009. As Will mentioned earlier, we signed eight new partners in the quarter. However, the sequential growth came from a mix of both new and older legacy accounts, with 70% of incremental revenue coming from partners we launched in 2008 or earlier, and 30% from new partners we launched in 2009. The relative growth from the distribution business also increased revenue concentration of our current top five partners. In the fourth quarter, these partners generated 49% of our total revenue, which is up from 47% in the third quarter of 2009.
For the full year, we recorded revenue of $207.6 million, representing a sequential growth rate from 2008 of 32%. Again, this growth on a full-year basis came from the performance of our distribution business. Gross profit in the quarter, measured as our total revenue less payments to our distribution partners and content providers, was $22.7 million, equal to 32% of revenue. This compares to gross profit in the third quarter of 2009 of $20.3 million, representing a sequential increase of $2.3 million. As with our revenue increase, the sequential improvement came entirely from our distribution business. For the full year, gross profit was $81.2 million, equal to 39% of revenue. This represents a sequential increase from 2008 of $400,000.
Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter was $11.2 million, up $4.2 million from the third quarter of 2009. However, it is important to note that this result includes a one-time gain from a net business tax refund equal to $2.4 million. Without this benefit, adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter would have been $8.8 million, up $1.8 million from the third quarter of 2009. This sequential increase is driven by the growth in revenue and gross profit from the distribution business. For the full year adjusted EBITDA was $27.4 million, equal to 13% of revenue. Net income in the fourth quarter was $10.1 million, equal to $0.28 per diluted share. This result also benefits from the one-time gain from the net business tax refund of $3.3 million. Additionally, we recorded an income tax benefit primarily driven by the losses realized on the sale of our auction rate securities. In total, these tax benefits in the fourth quarter equaled $5.7 million. Our average fully diluted share count in fourth quarter was 36.1 million, and we ended the year with 35.4 million shares outstanding.
Now turning to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with $226 million in cash and short-term investments, equal to $6.40 per share, and up by $12.3 million from the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, we sold all of our holdings in auction rate securities. This resulted in a gain to the book value of approximately $300,000 in the fourth quarter. We no longer hold long-term investments or illiquid securities.
Now, for our outlook. Our guidance for the first quarter of 2010 reflects a slow down in the distribution of business that we started to see at the beginning of the year. In large part, some of our partners have cut their marketing campaigns from the fourth quarter, as they assessed their returns on advertising spend. Additionally, we continue to work with our key partners, including Google and Yahoo, to maintain a high value to their advertisers from our distribution business, as well as to provide a positive user experience from our partners' sites and applications.
The wide range in our guidance in the first quarter reflects these activities. For the first quarter of 2010, we expect revenue to be between $60 million to $65 million, adjusted EBITDA to be between $6 million and 7 million, and net income to be between $500,000 and $1.5 million.
With that, I will turn the call over to the operator, and take your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Our first question comes from the line of Eric Martinuzzi with Craig-Hallum. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Thanks, and congratulations on the strong execution of Q4. Just wondering about Q1, your commentary about distribution seeing reduced demand, I mean the guidance looks pretty impressive, and certainly ahead of where I was, but that concern -- I know you have different kind of partners, and you have kind of the regionalized [P-type] partners, you have Facebook, MySpace app-type partners; which types of partners is it, and what do you think is driving their concerns?
- President & CEO
First of all, thanks for the congratulations on the fourth quarter. In terms of our guidance in the first quarter, my comments are really focused on the sequential change from the fourth quarter into the first. And what we are seeing is mostly the partners who advertise to drive traffic to their sites or to their downloadable applications, there was a big pick-up in marketing in the fourth quarter, and we are seeing a pause as the first quarter begins, while they're assessing the effectiveness in the ROI of those campaigns. So it is really focused on those ad-driven partners.
- Analyst
Got you. Then for your owned and operated, actually, you know, you did see a sequential uptick there from Q3 to Q4. Seasonally, I guess I would expect that; is there anything else behind that progress?
- President & CEO
It is mostly the seasonal uptick. We tend to see a little bit of improvements in rates as well as our paid click volume picks up in fourth quarter, and we have benefited from that. You know, we are also running in some of our new initiative revenue into the owned and operated lines, and while it is relatively small you are seeing that in the owned and operated total.
- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Clay with Benchmark. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Good afternoon. A couple of questions on the guidance. Also just want to follow-up your comments about sort of weakness in the first quarter. I mean we would typically expect to see that seasonally, so is there really something beyond the seasonality here?
- President & CEO
No. So we would typically see a lot of activity and spending in the fourth quarter that begins to pull back in first quarter. Our guidance reflects that, and we don't really have great visibility through our distribution partners to understand if it is anything other than seasonal.
- Analyst
Right, okay. And then on the EBITDA guidance, sometimes you include one-timers; are there any one-timers included in your first quarter EBITDA guidance?
- President & CEO
No. Both EBITDA and net income are purely from the operations of the business, no one-time gains or losses.
- Analyst
Okay. And then the last question on the acquisition strategy. With your stock up a bit here, although still at a pretty low EBITDA multiple, does that change at all your positioning in regards to an acquisition? In other words, are you more careful now that you've got strong momentum in the core business, or are you more aggressive, now that maybe a deal is a little bit less dilutive to EBITDA?
- CFO & Treasurer
Clay, a fair question. I would say that we are equally careful. So, you know, we have been super-disciplined through all of 2009 with the deals we have looked at and the deals we've passed on, and I would expect that we will remain disciplined in 2010 also. You won't see us do a deal just to get it done.
At the same time, I would say that we think that there's a tremendous opportunity in monetizing those NOLs. So we really would like to deploy the cash on an acquisition that makes sense. So I think with our stock at the levels that it is at right now, it's not going to influence our strategy to be tighter or looser. I think you will see just exercise the same kind of discipline around looking at the deals we have been looking at.
- Analyst
I think in the past you made comments that there was sort of a healthy flow of deals to look at. Is that still the case?
- President & CEO
I would say that's absolutely the case. There's a lot of interesting stuff out there, and I am reasonably confident that we will be able to find something that makes sense for our shareholders.
- Analyst
Okay. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Ross Sandler with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Hey guys, good quarter. Just two quick questions. First on the -- back to the guidance and I know we are kind of beating a dead horse here, but do you get the sense that any of stuff you are seeing early in the quarter is structural in nature, with regard to distribution partners' ability to advertise like -- you know, we've seen some of these businesses that might advertise aggressive on search engines, for instance, be viewed differently from time to time by those particular search engines, not sure how the Facebooks of the world may view them, but is it structural, do you think it's temporary, and then any update on pricing across the entire network in terms of PPCs for the first month of the quarter will be great. Thanks.
- President & CEO
Hey Ross, thanks for your question. The first question about the -- whether or not the changes on advertising are structural, one thing I would offer is that it's not so much SEM activity that we have seen in the distant past. So we don't see any kind of structural changes like had occurred in that segment. I don't think we are seeing anything right now that seems to be a long term or fundamental change. It is really more campaign specific, and specific to what the activity was in the fourth quarter, reassessing the value of those campaigns.
Your second question about the rates and the network, we are continuing to see remarkable stability across our owned and operated network in terms of PPC rates, and that's reflective of the fourth quarter results and also the guidance going into the first quarter.
- Analyst
Okay. And I mean, I guess on the first question, could you just -- could you give us an example of, you know, a type of distribution partner, you know, you don't have to name the actual company, but a type of company, and the nature of the advertising that they were doing in the fourth quarter, and then kind of what might have changed in the first quarter. So is it the Publisher's Clearinghouse-type of guys running ads on Facebook, and then that has dropped off? You know, without getting specific in terms of the name of the company, can you just characterize the nature of the advertising that was going on fourth quarter, and then what has changed in first quarter? Thanks.
- President & CEO
I don't want to go into too much detail in terms of the tactics and the types of partners we are working with. I would offer that it is mostly on advertising spend, both in social networking as well as search engines, to drive people to our partners' sites to download applications or to interact with applications on their websites. What I would offer is it is not a lot of search engine marketing activity going from a search results page to a search result page, it is more of encouraging people to use an application and then measuring the lifetime value of those users after they have been installed or registered.
So hopefully, that gives you enough flavor. We're not really going to go into a lot of detail about the specifics of each of the products or the partners.
- Analyst
That's very helpful, guys. Thank you. Good quarter.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Mark May with Needham & Company. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Thanks. I had two questions. I know in terms of revenue visibility it is quite low, but in terms of your Q1 guidance, do you think that will be kind of your low water mark for the year, given what you do know and given the typical seasonality of the business?
And then the second question is, you are not standing still, you are still doing product innovation, et cetera. Should we expect for head count additions and other investment-related spending, as we head through the year, that could have an impact on the OpEx lines?
- CFO & Treasurer
Mark, this is David. On the first quarter guidance I hate to answer your question without an answer, but we are not giving guidance beyond the first quarter. I will say though that as the mix of our revenue goes more toward the distribution business, it is more difficult for us to give very precise guidance for the forward-looking quarter as well as for the full year. That really reflected in the wide range, we are saying 60 to 65, which is typically a bigger gap, I think a bigger gap than I would typically give. So that visibility becomes an issue as our business becomes more focused with distribution.
On the second item, we don't expect to add much in our operating expenses throughout the year to support the initiatives that we're currently undertaking. That's both in building out more distribution products and capabilities, as well as the owned and operated search and non-search initiatives. So to the extent that we would see increases in operating expenses, we would expect that those increases would come with greater gross profit from those segments.
- Senior Director of Corporate Communications
Operator, do we have any more questions?
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Our next question comes from the line of Douglas Whitman with Whitman Capital. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Thank you for the great results. I'm embarrassed to be asking this question in a conference call, but given your earnings outlook per share, I am kind of having a little bit of trouble figuring exactly how to figure that? What's the pro forma expectation in your guidance that you are giving for the first quarter, on a per share basis?
- President & CEO
So that is in the earnings release. It is between $0.01 and $0.04 per share.
- Analyst
And is that a GAAP number or a pro forma number?
- President & CEO
That's GAAP. It's fully diluted shares, so that's on the net income.
- Analyst
Okay. I will take it offline. I'm having a hard time getting there from the adjusted EBIT number, so --
- President & CEO
It would coming from the net income of $500,000 to $1.5 million, divided by what we anticipate our fully diluted shares to be.
- CFO & Treasurer
36 million.
Operator
Okay, ladies and gentlemen, it looks like we do have a final question. It comes from the line of Eric Martinuzzi with Craig-Hallum. Please proceed.
- Analyst
Just to follow on with that prior question, regarding the below the line there, it looks like you have a tax expectation for $1.2 million in Q1. That seems to be outside the norm. What -- can you explain what that is, and is that a cash tax?
- CFO & Treasurer
I certainly can explain it. I will try to keep everyone's attention held on the phone. So it's going to be mostly a book tax entry, it will not be a cash tax expense, and it has to do with the mechanics around our income tax provision.
The number that we are anticipating in first quarter will be in relative proportion to the income that we would produce, would be consistent with what we expect for the rest of the quarters throughout the year, and it is a book issue, not a cash tax issue.
- Analyst
Okay. Thanks.
Operator
Okay. There are no more questions in the queue at this time.
- Senior Director of Corporate Communications
Thank you for joining us today.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, that's going to conclude today's conference. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Have a wonderful day.