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Operator
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Absolute Software Corporation's third-quarter 2015 conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. Instructions will be provided at that time for you to queue up for questions.
Before beginning its formal remarks, Absolute would like to remind listeners that certain portions of today's discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect current views with respect to future events. Any such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. For more information on the Company's risks and uncertainties relating to these forward-looking statements, please refer to the section of its quarterly MD&A.
(Operator Instructions). I'd like to remind everyone that this conference call is being recorded today, Thursday May 14 at 5 p.m. Eastern time.
I'd like to turn the call over now to Mr. Jeff Haydon, Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead, sir.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Thank you, operator, and good afternoon everyone. Welcome to our Q3 fiscal 2015 conference call. Joining me on the call today is Errol Olsen, our Chief Financial Officer. The call will begin with a high level overview of Q3. Then I will provide a quarterly update on our strategic priorities. After that, I'll pass the mic over to Errol who will provide a more detailed review of our financials. We will conclude with Q&A.
I am pleased with the progress we made in Q3 against our key areas of strategic focus. These include the expansion of our business in North America, growth within the corporate and healthcare segments, and an increase in Computrace sales specific to information security.
For the quarter, Absolute reported total sales of $21.2 million, an increase of 3% from the same quarter last year. Most importantly, our overall North American commercial business grew by 9%. This reflected a strong performance in the healthcare and corporate segments. These segments combine represent half of our overall commercial sales.
Healthcare, which has been a primary growth focus for Absolute, performed particularly well. Of our top 20 North American deals in Q3, 25% were with healthcare organizations.
Our overall Computrace business also continued to grow this quarter with year-over-year sales increases for both our Computrace data protection and Computrace theft management products. In particular, the strength of our Computrace data protection sales reflects the significant enterprise data protection opportunity and Absolute's unique ability to help organizations overcome the security and compliance challenges inherent to mobility.
Our international commercial business declined by 24%. As discussed during last quarter's call, this reflects historic deficiencies in our international go-to-market strategy. I'll discuss our plans to overcome these later in the call.
In addition to growing sales, we continue to generate strong cash flow. Cash from operating activities was $5.3 million, up 40% from Q3 last year. As a result, we finished the quarter with $86.4 million of cash and no debt. EBITDA finished at $6.8 million, up 32% from last year, reflecting positive operating leverage resulting from a more thoughtful, focused product market strategy.
In terms of personnel, strengthening the leadership team at Absolute continues to be a top priority. Over the past year, we've added a number of talented individuals to the leadership team, the Board of Directors, and in an advisory capacity. This effort was highlighted in Q3 with the appointment of Christopher Bolin as our Chief Product Officer. Prior to joining Absolute, Christopher was the Chief Technology Officer and the Vice President of Worldwide Product Operations at McAfee. During his tenure, he helps to grow security product revenues to more than $2 billion, distinction McAfee as one of the world's most prominent information security companies.
I am also pleased to announce that Art Coviello has joined Absolute as an advisor. With more than 20 years of information security leadership experience, most recently as the Executive Chairman of RSA and Executive Vice President of EMC, Art's influence and expertise have distinct him as one of the industry's most respected and recognized leaders.
Through these appointments, we have substantially enriched Absolute's leadership team in areas that are critical to realizing our enormous growth potential. These include information security, product market strategy, operating effectiveness, international expansion, and the productive deployment of capital in the spirit of accelerating growth. When I consider the caliber of our employee base, the depth of our leadership team and the prominence of our board and advisory additions, I believe we have one of the strongest teams in the industry.
And moving on from Q3 financial results, I want to close by saying thank you to the Absolute employees and partners around the world for your continued outstanding efforts and results.
I would now like to provide an update on our progress against our four stated strategic priorities -- product strategy, product market focus, brand awareness, and sales productivity. I'll start with product strategy.
A central tenet of our product strategy continues to be the strengthening of our core Computrace business, Absolute's most compelling growth opportunity. Traditional endpoint security solutions are highly dependent on software agents that are vulnerable to corruption, compromise, and often easily disabled.
The ability of our Persistence technology to maintain the integrity of Computrace and other software agents is a unique Absolute competitive advantage. It allows us to offer an increasingly sophisticated set of security and compliance capabilities. These include proof that complementary security solutions are properly installed and working, insight to the security posture of a device that's off network, noncompliant behavior by end-users, and many other conditions that will trigger proactive alerts to IT and potentially preempt the security incident. It also provides us with the intriguing opportunity to potentially extend Persistence to other software agents.
In Q3, we continued to extend our OEM partnership community and the number of endpoint devices on which our Persistence platform is embedded. This included a new partnership with YEZZ, a leading worldwide mobile brand of innovatively designed smartphones and tablets that will ship with Persistence technology embedded in the firmware. We also announced a similar alliance with Lanix, Mexico's largest domestically owned electronics company. Finally, Prestigio has partnered with us to deliver Persistence technology within Prestigio multi-pad Windows 8 tablets. This is a key alliance as Prestigio expands its presence across emerging markets in Europe. Establishing these OEM partnerships beyond North America represents a foundational element of our international growth plan, embedding our Persistence platform on generations of new device types and gaining access to rich established local rights to market.
Increasing the activation rates within our embedded device population also remains an execution priority. Our continued progress on this front is reflected in the strong year-over-year growth in our Q3 Computrace sales.
Our product strategy will also continue to focus on leveraging our substantial Computrace install base as a platform for upselling and cross-selling adjacent technologies, Absolute Manage and Absolute Service. The closed beta program for the unified user experience project is concluding and we are transitioning now to an open beta program. This will allow all of our Computrace customers to use the new interface design as well as the first phase of the DLP feature set. This inclusive cycle will provide us with direct feedback from a broader set of customers so we can implement the final round of feature refinement prior to launch. The DLP feature set enriches the value of our Computrace product line, providing us with incremental business and enhanced information security capabilities as we concentrate our focus on heavily regulated industries.
The addition of Christopher Bolin to the leadership team is a significant event for Absolute. His appointment will allow us to clarify an admittedly fragmented product strategy and define our longer-term technology opportunities and objectives. His charter will also include improving our capacity to execute against both organic and acquired technology opportunities.
Our product market strategy continues to focus on investment on markets and product offerings that represent the greatest return on investment. During Q3, we continued the shift of sales and marketing resources to those cities in North America that represent the greatest concentration of opportunity. These resources are in place and actively ramping up. By the end of the year, we will have a direct presence in 80% of these metropolitan centers, up from less than 60% at the beginning of the year.
Internationally, as mentioned earlier, we are systematically executing key elements of the go-to-market strategy we have proven through our North American business success. In Europe in Q3, this involved introducing direct coverage of both local OEM and VAR partnerships, the establishment of an inside sales capability, the expansion of our direct sales coverage capacity in those European geographies we are targeting for growth.
We will also be appointing a European theater lead to be based in Europe. We have identified a short list of prospective candidates for this role with the objective of an appointment in Q4.
In the Asia-Pacific region, I'm pleased to announce we have appointed Thierry Regnier as the Vice President Asia Pacific and Japan. Thierry's background includes extensive experience with Dell and in building and leading information security businesses within the region. Thierry's priority will be to execute key elements of the Absolute global go-to-market strategy in his respective country targets. This will be the first time Absolute has had an established theater lead within the strategically important Asia-Pacific region.
From a vertical perspective, as mentioned earlier, we continue to progress key initiatives designed to accelerate growth in key corporate and healthcare markets. These include field enablement and incentive programs targeting these segments, working with OEMs and VAR partners on industry optimized solutions and vertically targeted go-to-market initiatives, executing professional services offerings that support regulatory obligations within healthcare and finance, and repurposing sales capacity to intensify our focus on new business development. We are completing the hiring of our five additional direct sales resources that will focus exclusively on healthcare opportunities and we'll continue the expansion of our New York-based financial services team.
Our branding strategy is almost complete. Our new creative platform is in development with an extensive media campaign scheduled to launch before the next earnings call. Our message will focus on the prominence of Absolute's unique embedded Persistence technology and its application around securing information, ensuring compliance and enabling mobility. The objective is to define and elevate our profile in our key target geographic and vertical markets, enabling our sales organization and partners to spend less time educating prospects and more time identifying, developing and closing opportunities. The media campaign includes specific goals for lead generation which will further improve our existing strong sales pipeline.
Finally, sales productivity remains a top priority. In July of last year, we reassigned a portion of our existing customer base to a more cost-effective inside sales organization. As a result, in every quarter this year, we have seen measurable improvements to both renewal and expansion business within these accounts. Based on this success, we've shifted additional accounts in Q3 to the specialized renewal and expansion model. Our inside sales organization is now responsible for managing almost half of our entire existing customer business.
We also completed the work to de-stack our historical one-to-one inside-to-outside sales structure. Today, multiple outside sales representatives are supported by a single inside salesperson enabling us to expand the sales coverage capacity in the field.
In Q3, we hired a global director of training and enablement to create and lead ongoing programs that will increase sales effectiveness. His priorities have included a complete redesign of our field onboarding process in an effort to accelerate the time to revenue of new employees. Additionally, we have engaged Force management, an industry-leading sales effectiveness team, to help us define and enable our field organization around the information security and compliance use cases that are most relevant to healthcare and corporate prospects. This program will be rolled out across the Absolute sales organization and actively implemented by August.
We also continue to see strong growth within our VAR partner model. Our incremental VAR sales in Q3 were greater than those sales through the entire first half of this year. While we have made and will continue to make significant changes to the organization, the business remains resilient, adjusting to our new strategy and producing positive results against our key initiatives even while those changes are underway. We will continue to execute against our key initiatives in the final quarter of this fiscal year. Our objective remains to accelerate growth and to distinguish Absolute as a global IT security leader.
Now I'd like to turn the call over to Errol to discuss our financial results in more detail. Errol?
Errol Olsen - CFO
Thanks Geoff. Good afternoon, everyone. I will now spend a few minutes discussing the key financial metrics for the quarter.
Total sales contracts in Q3 were $21.2 million, up 3% from Q3 of last year. For the first nine months of the year, total sales contracts were $72.4 million, up 9% year-over-year. As Geoff has mentioned, these results reflect continued strength within our core North American commercial business, our Computrace product line and our targeted vertical in healthcare and corporate. Q3 North American commercial sales were up 9% year-over-year while our international commercial business was down 24%.
From a product perspective, total Computrace sales, which comprised 86% of our total commercial sales in the quarter, were up 9% year-over-year with Computrace data protection continuing to show accelerated growth, up 13% year-over-year, and Computrace theft management sales of 8% year-over-year.
Our Absolute Manage and Service businesses showed a combined decline of 20% year-over-year in Q3, reflecting our increased emphasis on Computrace as well as the fact that there was a higher than average proportion of Absolute Manage perpetual licenses booked in the prior-year quarter.
Looking at industry verticals, in Q3 we achieved a 10% year-over-year increase in the combined corporate and healthcare verticals, while the combined education and government verticals were down 1% year-over-year. The decline in these latter verticals is primarily reflective of our international performance in the quarter.
From a deal composition perspective, we closed three deals over $500,000 in the quarter, all of which were in North American education. This compares to one deal over $500,000 in Q3 of last year, which was in the North American commercial vertical.
Existing customer sales in Q3 were higher than average at 88% of our commercial sales compared to a trailing eight-quarter average of 83%. Consistent with the prior quarter, our higher proportion of existing customer sales in Q3 reflected strong Computrace renewal and expansion and an early indication of performance by our newly formed retention sales teams.
I would also like to discuss our revenue performance in the quarter. IFRS revenue in Q3 was $24.1 million, which was flat compared to Q3 of last year. The reason for this is that sales contracts in the prior-year period included a higher than average percentage of perpetual licenses which were recognized upfront. Article sales mix is approximately 95% recurring licenses from term subscriptions and maintenance contracts. The current quarter was consistent with this average. However, the prior-year quarter was approximately 91% recurring.
I'll now turn to our adjusted operating expenses which are defined in our press release and in our MD&A. Adjusted OpEx was $17.3 million, down 9% from $18.9 million in the prior-year quarter. The decrease in adjusted OpEx reflects cost savings from the lower Canadian dollar as well as an adjustment to previously recorded estimates of Canadian tax credits within R&D due to the acceptance of historical claims. As a reminder, Canadian-based expenditures account for just below 50% of our total adjusted operating expenses.
Looking now to the remainder of the year, our outlook continues to be for fiscal 2015 sales contracts and cash from operating activities to increase over fiscal 2014 levels. We are on track in terms of progress against our stated objectives of refining product strategy, concentrating our product market focus, building brand awareness and improving sales productivity, all of which are aimed to enable consistent, accelerated growth and to distinguish Absolute as a global information security leader.
This concludes our prepared remarks for today. Operator, please open up the call for questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Richard Tse, Cormark Securities.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Yes, thank you. Geoff, just curious to see how much you guys have left in terms of the headcount additions in terms of building out the sales force and other related areas.
Errol Olsen - CFO
This is Errol. I can respond to that one. We have a total of about 30 open positions across the organization. Close to half of those are in the sales organization, so there's just roughly a dozen people in the sales organization. The rest of those 30 are primarily in the R&D group.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Okay. So I guess related to that, how should we look at the cost base going out for the next few quarters? Would that be sort of scaling up? I guess where would it hit? Would it be the next quarter, the quarter after? We're just trying to sort of finalize the model here.
Errol Olsen - CFO
Sure. Of course, we are finalizing our model internally as well as we approach the end of the fiscal year. But I can tell you there are a few dynamics at play here. One is the increase in headcount. We will finish the year with, like I mentioned, if we fill all those headcounts, about 30 additional staff. We've also got a branding initiative that Geoff mentioned which is kicking in in Q1 of next year. And then of course there's the interplay with currency. It's difficult to put all this together right now. We're just managing through the relationship obviously between marketing programs and sales spend. But we do expect costs to increase next year over this year but it's difficult to quantify exactly how much at this stage.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Okay. And Geoff, you mentioned earlier on the call that international is down and you talked about some of the historical deficiencies. Can you maybe give us a sense of when you think that business is going to sort of base itself, and where we will see growth?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Yes, I think certainly towards the end of our next fiscal year. Our history internationally has been largely reactive and opportunistic. As I mentioned during the call last quarter, our performance depends almost entirely on a couple of large deals, and when they hit, we have a strong quarter. When they don't, we don't.
And so the objective once again is to leverage the experience that we've had here in North America in terms of a best practice-based go-to-market structure. And I outlined the key elements of that and we are right in terms of executing them, starting in Europe and moving into Asian now under our newly appointed leader. But it's not a short-term fix. And I can tell you, having spent the majority of my career building and leading teams and businesses in international markets, that's not something I expect that is going to affect our performance in Q1. It is going to be a sustained investment, and I expect it to start to impact results, as I say, in the second half of next year.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Okay, great. And just one last question, in terms of verticals, I know you guys are strong in health and education. What would you guys consider as the next two verticals where there is some big opportunity that you are trying to go after?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
That's a good question. We worked closely with Gartner in Q1 to really understand how opportunity is distributed, both geographically and vertically. And what was clear is the education market is a strong market, continues to grow strongly, particularly here in North America. It's underdeveloped relative to its overall growth potential. Internationally, it's a completely nascent market. So education will continue to be a key focus.
Healthcare is a natural. We estimate, based on the Gartner input, that it's about three times the size of the education market, so that really consumed a lot of our vertical expansion focus in the first half of this year.
Financial services is the logical next one. Once again, it's a multiple of both the education and healthcare vertical markets. And that will be an increasingly predominant focus of ours as we move into new fiscal year. We're trying to do this very thoughtfully and incrementally. Certainly, we have a robust business in other verticals like aerospace and defense and oil and gas and retail and pharmaceuticals, so we are continuing to develop those, but it's really just a function of intensity. And we are trying to be very specific about which vertical markets we really ignite in a meaningful way. So Financial services would be the next one.
Richard Tse - Analyst
That's great. Thanks guys.
Operator
Thanos Moschopoulos, BMO Capital Markets.
Curtis Boulanger - Analyst
Hello, this is Curtis on for Thanos. Can you describe maybe qualitatively how the current pipeline in the education vertical is shaping up heading into the upcoming selling season?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Yes, strongly. It is a seasonal business. As you know, the Q4 education business tends to be stronger than certainly Q3, and we are expecting to see that in the fourth quarter.
Curtis Boulanger - Analyst
Okay. And I guess just to follow up on Richard's question, when you first outlined your targeted strategy, you identified aerospace and defense in addition to healthcare and finance. Would you be planning on forming sales teams as you did with healthcare and finance for those verticals?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It's a good question. Our objective in the first half of this year was to really develop a rich, repeatable process for igniting a new vertical market. That involved sending our entire product management development teams to our largest existing healthcare customers, understanding how they are using the technology, how they are deriving value from it and really informing our thinking around how to position our existing technologies but how to evolve and optimize them for the healthcare use case. We then spent a lot of time and energy enabling our sales team, enabling our partners, directing them through incentives at vertical at the healthcare market. We created some healthcare specific professional services offerings. We introduced some new global support, some after-sales support programs that we are specific to healthcare requirements. So it's a fairly substantial body of work to go through that.
And our objective in the first half was to develop that repeatable model and to apply it to healthcare, which we have done with very successful preliminary results. Our objective in the next phase of that will target financial services.
We do regard aerospace and defense as a very lucrative segment. It continues to be active for us, but it's once again a function of our level of concentration and commitment. We're trying to be very specific about how we expand that vertical ignition program.
It's too early to determine at this point if we will require specialized sales teams for aerospace and defense. We discovered through our interaction with our large healthcare customers that there were compliance requirements and just a vernacular and an application domain knowledge that was unique to healthcare that would be of value for us to establish in the field. We may or may not make that same discovery in other verticals, but we will certainly keep you posted as we progress those.
Curtis Boulanger - Analyst
Okay, thank you. I'll pass the line.
Operator
Massimo Voci, Haywood Securities.
Massimo Voci - Analyst
Thanks guys. My first question is on, Geoff, your comments on extending Persistence to other -- to potentially to other software agents in sort of the initial comments. Was that targeted towards potential development of other solutions internally at Absolute, or is it going to be more in conjunction with potential other security partners selling into your customer base?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It could be both. That's a good question. Our discovery in interacting with our largest and most sophisticated enterprise customers is that they are struggling with the vulnerability of endpoint agents, whether those are security or management related. And our ability to maintain the integrity of an endpoint agent is something that's very unique and very powerful. To date, we have applied it to Absolute technology exclusively. It's certainly our intention to look for additional ways to extend and leverage that Persistence technology around a more robust Absolute application portfolio, but it does occur to us that there may be an opportunity for us to monetize that technology and to expand our Persistence platform adoption through collaboration or partnerships with other security and management companies. So we have actually appointed some business development team members over the last two quarters to begin helping us really scope out that opportunity and determine if and how we commercialize it in a meaningful way.
Massimo Voci - Analyst
Great. And does that extend -- my next question is that kind of an extension on the brand awareness program that you were talking about, and sort of increasing the profile of Absolute within the security community?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Yes, the branding initiative certainly would do that. A primary objective of the branding initiative is not to fuel the expanded Persistence program. We are really thinking about our business today and elevating our prominence within vertical markets that have an appetite for technologies that we are selling today.
Massimo Voci - Analyst
And so when you talk about that brand awareness, are you talking more about with potential customers? I know as you said new vertical markets. Or would it also be targeted at your partners and sort of increasing the amount of penetration you have with your OEM partners?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
That's a good question. It's really targeted at the end-user community. It really ultimately is a brand awareness and demand creation vehicle. So the objective would be to elevate our profile within a specific set of vertical and geographic markets to make it easier for our own salespeople and our partners to develop business in those verticals. So I think a byproduct of that would be more productive partner relationships and higher tax rates with the OEMs.
Massimo Voci - Analyst
Okay. One final question maybe for Errol. On the R&D tax credits in the quarter, I think it was up from $300,000 last year to $1.1 million. You talked about it being an adjustment of some outstanding issues that you had. Do you expect that to normalize going forward?
Errol Olsen - CFO
I do, yes. I think that the run rate that we are expecting going forward is somewhere between $350,000 and $400,000 a quarter.
Massimo Voci - Analyst
Okay, great. I'll pass the line. Thanks guys.
Operator
Pardeep Sangha, PI Financial.
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
Thank you and good afternoon. When you first came on board, Geoff, you mentioned that, for acquisitions, you're going to not focus on acquisition initially. You're going to focus more on sort of building up the internal capabilities of the Company and strategy, etc. Now that you've been at that for a bit and we are starting to see some of the results of the changes you've made in the sales strategy, etc., do you see yourself looking a bit more towards the outside in terms of potential acquisitions again, since you do have a large cash position here?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
The answer is yes. So through, once again, our interaction with these very sophisticated enterprise customers, we are discovering some interesting requirements that align very tightly with our core Persistence platform. We're also observing some very interesting innovative technologies emerging in the early-stage Company community that may represent interesting targets for us.
The other development is now with Christopher Bolin on board we are starting to create a more detailed medium and long-term product strategy, and that's going to provide us with the context within which we can consider acquisitions in a more informed way. So certainly as we move into the new year, that will be an increasing focus for us.
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
Okay. And for Errol, can you summarize the headcount at the end of the quarter, and where you are right now?
Errol Olsen - CFO
Sure. Total headcount at the end of the quarter is about 425 employees. Our target for the end of the year is just around 460, just below that. And as I mentioned previously, that delta in headcount is primarily in sales and marketing and R&D. So we finished the quarter with 177 people in sales and marketing, so you can add another dozen onto that, and we finished with 121 in R&D and there's about another 15 on top of that that are open right now.
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
Just sort of rough sort of estimate here just in terms of understanding a little bit your level of engagement internationally, what sort of is your percentage of employees that are in North America versus international outside of North America?
Errol Olsen - CFO
Of the 425, roughly 250 of those would be in Canada. And then in the US, there's probably 100 with the remainder spread internationally. I'm off a little bit on that but those are rough numbers.
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
So going forward, some of the comments you made in terms of international expansion and new leadership in Asia-Pacific, I see that as sort of a key initiative sort of next year. And that's where we could see some additional costs and some initial sort of headcount, etc., and increasing of sales and marketing. Is that fair to say?
Errol Olsen - CFO
It is. Actually just before I answer that, just going back, I might have misunderstood your previous question. If the question was on field in sales and marketing, easily two-thirds of those are in the US of 177. And then going back, can you repeat the second question?
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
Yes. With regards to international expansion, you hired some new leadership in Asia-Pacific and there's definitely some expansion happening from your perspective in terms of expanding your international sales team, etc. Just give us a sense of that, how aggressive on the international expansion.
Errol Olsen - CFO
Sure. Internationally, it's primarily redeployment. When we look forward into next fiscal year, it's where our investment is. You can look to two things. One is the marketing branding initiative and we have yet to quantify exactly what that will be. And then the second will be we can expect some additional spend in the R&D front as well. And that's just headcount-related.
Pardeep Sangha - Analyst
Okay. Thanks again.
Operator
Michael Kim, Imperial Capital.
Michael Kim - Analyst
I just wanted to go over the results for Absolute Manage and Absolute Service. Was there a change in the mix, or the upsell cross-sell activity? And any comments you can share on competitive or pricing actions?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Just once again, a review of our product strategy. We are endeavoring to really strengthen Absolute. The objective is to build a platform that will enable sustained, consistent, accelerated growth and we're trying to do that in a very thoughtful, specific way.
One of my observations when I joined the Company is I think we tried to fight too many fights on too many different fronts. And moving forward, we just want to be a lot more specific about what we focus on.
From a technology perspective, I've been very explicit about our commitment to leading with Computrace. That is a business that represent 85% of our bookings, 95% of our customers. It leverages our unique Persistence technology. It brings the collective mass to the OEMs to bear because they are embedding our Persistence technology on their endpoint devices to enable the security use case. And we just think the information security market opportunity is phenomenal. So we've really centralized our technology focus over the last nine months on the Computrace business. And keep in mind we've got a sales organization that has a charter that spans all three product categories. And I think one of the consequences of that Computrace focus has been a certain defocusing on the managing and service business and we saw that reflected results in Q3.
Michael Kim - Analyst
Got it. And then switching gears to education, any thoughts on new device form factors, specifically Computrace or Chromebooks? And are you seeing that primarily in North America or also some international opportunities that you drive, expand into some of your channels there?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
We see a lot of opportunities for new device form factors in education, both domestically and internationally, especially as companies like HP start to develop some very robust education-specific product families that we are centrally supporting from a Persistence perspective.
Chromebook, the challenge with the architecture today is there isn't a unique identifier that we can leverage as part of the Computrace technology but we continue to work both with Google and in the market to apply pressure to Google through customers that are interested in having our technology applied to Chromebooks in an effort to establish a partnership. But nothing to announce on that front at this point.
Michael Kim - Analyst
Okay. We'll look for that. And just lastly, as you switch to the open beta now for the unified UI, any commentary, initial commentary, on the feedback from some of the folks in the closed beta and how you can see that start to translate into sort of a broader coverage with the Computrace customer set?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It's been very positive just at a high level. The user interface and the extension of the functionality to include DLP as an example, particularly in healthcare, which you would expect is a highly regulated market, we would be interested in that kind of functionality. But very positive feedback and that's why we've been able to transition to a much broader community of open beta targets.
Michael Kim - Analyst
And how long do you expect open beta to run for?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It really will depend on the progress that we make through that open beta. The objective would be to move into the new fiscal year with some of that functionality productized, but I'll have to keep you posted on progress. Just given our history, truthfully, with that technology, I want to be very careful about setting specific commitments before we get through early stages anyway of the open beta.
Michael Kim - Analyst
Okay. Great. We will look forward to the GA later -- hopefully later in the year or early next year.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Thanks Michael.
Operator
(Operator Instructions). Doug Taylor, TD Securities.
Doug Taylor - Analyst
Thanks. Good evening Geoff and Errol. I appreciate the extra granularity you're providing on data protection versus the Manage and Service business lines. When do you think there will be renewed focus on growing those assets? You have articulated your decision to focus on Computrace in the near term. I just want to know when that comes back onto the radar.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Yes, I haven't got a specific response to that. It's something we are certainly thinking about, but we still believe we are in a position right now where we've got a very unique, very compelling, competitively differentiated solution with Computrace in a very rich market target around information security in a highly regulated vertical market. So at least at this point moving into the fourth quarter, our intention is to continue to concentrate our focus on realizing the growth potential that Computrace represents.
Doug Taylor - Analyst
And in that scenario, assuming that -- normalizing for some of the large one-time perpetual sales, would you expect that business to be flattish? Is that a reasonable assumption?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
That's a reasonable assumption.
Doug Taylor - Analyst
Okay. Something that hasn't been talked about in a while is the impact of the PC sales overall backdrop on your businesses. The XP -- the end of the XP refresh cycle is something that you've seen impact sales contracts at all?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It isn't. Our tax rate is still so modest Doug, truthfully, that it's difficult to point to macroeconomic trends or PC shipment forecasts as an inhibitor to our growth opportunity. Our growth opportunity is execution-bound today, not PC unit bound. So the short -- or the long answer, I'm sorry, is no, we haven't seen that infringe on our growth opportunity.
Doug Taylor - Analyst
Perfect, that's helpful. Maybe my last question then for Errol, I think last quarter, you spoke about working capital being a little bit lower than what is typical for your business. I wonder if you'll just update us on how you think about where you are sitting with your working capital levels, receivables and things like that at this point three months later. I'll pass the line. Thanks.
Errol Olsen - CFO
We finished the quarter with, once again, a lower than average DSO. And I would still say that we are below what I would expect as a go-forward trend. So our DSO at the end of the quarter was 59. Our historical average is 65.
We certainly are improving on the collections front. But having said that, I think we are still going to trend up into the low 60s going forward. And then on the other side of the working capital equation, on the accounts payable, our DPOs were a little bit higher than average. I think we averaged kind of mid-40s and we were in high 40s, a little bit off of that.
Doug Taylor - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Richard Tse, Cormark Securities.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Thanks. I just had a follow-up here on the renewals. Did you guys give a number in terms of the renewal rates this quarter versus what it was, I don't know, for the last trailing two or three quarters?
Errol Olsen - CFO
No, it's not a stat that we provide. I can tell you, from a customer retention standpoint, we are always well above 90%.
When we look at our renewals, and our business is a little bit unique in terms of how we license on devices, more often than not, it's a replacement rather than a renewal. It's a very similar cycle but the difference there being that there's a built-in expansion at the same time. So we've always been higher than 100% when we look at expiries versus renewals -- or versus new purchases rather, both in terms of dollars and in terms of units. But we don't publicly disclose the exact dollars or percentages.
Richard Tse - Analyst
So when you guys refer to measurable improvements in renewals, can you give us a sense of what that would be percentage terms? Is it like 5%, 10%? Just so we know what measurable means.
Errol Olsen - CFO
Sure. Where we are seeing the improvements, and this is in the first group of our transformation in what we call our SMB group that we started with on July 1 of this year where we took the bottom 15% of our customer base based on annual contract value. And the improvement that we saw within there was -- it was somewhere in kind of the 5% to 10% range.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Okay. And then just the last question here is that when you talked about the sales contracts last year, you had a higher proportion of perpetual. Was that related to Absolute Manage or what product line?
Errol Olsen - CFO
It was. It was. Our Computrace product is, as you know, the SaaS product. And it's very rare for us to have a perpetual license for Computrace. With Absolute Manage, it's an on-prem product. And roughly half of our sales on average would be perpetual. The other half would be term licenses even though it's an on-prem product. But it was, specifically last year that higher percentage of perpetual was directly related to Manage.
Richard Tse - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Justin Kew, Cantor Fitzgerald.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Thank you very much. Good evening Geoff and good evening Errol. So my question is around the large transactions. I just wanted to get a sense of how the pipeline looks for large transactions, and also large transactions outside of the educational vertical.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Yes, we are seeing strength and growth in our large transactions as we move into Q4 and look at the first half of 2016. I think it's largely a function of our focus on some of the vertical markets that I mentioned earlier, particularly healthcare and financial services. So we are seeing an increase, both in Q4 and moving into new year, and we are optimistic as our market development activities in those verticals continues to Progress. But we will see more large deal activity. They tend to be fairly substantial in terms of endpoint quantity.
Errol Olsen - CFO
Just to add a little bit more color to it, Justin, this is Errol, when we look at our large deals, given the metrics in terms of deals over $500,000, but as we look down sort of in the $100,000 to $500,000 range, what we are seeing is certainly a change in the composition of that mix. We are seeing more and more corporate healthcare deals in there. And I think Geoff mentioned in his prepared remarks that 25% of our top 20 deals were actually in healthcare. So, that is certainly one change we are seeing in the pipeline as well.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Can you comment on the sales cycle on these? Do you find that they -- where they could be or would you like them to be shortening up?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
It's a great question. It's something that we talk a great deal. There's a lot of variability within the sales cycle. And really it depends a lot on where the customer is at, A, in terms of their buying cycle, if it's an attachment to an OEM sale, or if it's a response to a security, that we've seen some very substantial deals turn around quickly. But I would say on average, it probably takes three to four quarters for a net new opportunity to go from conception to close.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Okay. So on the large deal front, then, kind of the changes that you've been making over the last 12 or four or five quarters, that we should be well into seeing the fruits of those in terms of large deals.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Correct.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Okay. And just in terms of the changes that you have been making on the sales side and moving the customers to inside sales, now that you are -- by Q3, half your customers will be shifted across. Is that where, in terms of experience that you have so far, is that kind of where you want to be or (multiple speakers)?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
We are just reviewing that right now. And I want to just walk through the materiality of some of the changes that occurred in the sales organization. I made them earlier, but just in operationalizing them, have a very deep appreciation for what's involved and I think it's worth highlighting.
Just in the last three months, we dismantled that one-to-one inside-to-outside sales team and repurposed that much smaller inside sales team to support a much larger field organization. We shifted 30% of our total business from a field organization to an inside sales team, and in fact have repurposed and/or replaced a very substantial percentage of our field organization, once again in the spirit of putting the right talent in front of the right opportunity.
In preparation for the call, Errol and I did an analysis and determined that we put about a third of both our outside and inside sales organization having been with the Company for less than six months. So we made some very positive changes to the organizational structure and the organization generally that we're very excited about as we move into the new year just in seeing those resources on board and start to deliver more productively.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Good. Just the last question I have, just on roadmap, you talked in the MD&A about Computrace event calling. What are the features or what are the areas, you don't have to be specific, but what other features or product enhancements or functionality are customers looking for?
Geoff Haydon - CEO
That's a big one, and it's actually driving a lot of activity and opportunity for us right now. I'll frame it up in terms of the use case. Many of our largest customers are deploying that specific feature in the spirit of what they call adaptive security. Essentially what enables them to do is to define a risk profile of an endpoint device that may be dual location-based, it may be is the device encrypted? Is it being used by a known username? Is it calling in from a known IP address? And if any of those parameters are violated, the enterprise is alerted and can make a decision as to whether or not remediation is required. It may involve locking the device; it may involve geolocating and recovering it; it may involve deleting information on it if they are concerned that the risk threshold is exceeded. But that alerting capability has tremendous potential in our view and is being adopted very broadly and very innovatively by some of our largest customers. So that's a big focus as we move into Q4 is on really productizing that adaptive security use case and monetizing it in a more meaningful way.
Justin Kew - Analyst
Thank you very much.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I turn the call back over to Mr. Haydon.
Geoff Haydon - CEO
Listen, thank you, operator, and I want to say thank you to everybody that joined us for the call today for your interest in Absolute and for your time. Thank you. Good evening.
Operator
Thank you for joining. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.