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Operator
Good day, and welcome, everyone, to the ATA Creativity Global 2020 First Quarter Conference Call hosted by Carolyne Sohn. My name is Greg, and I'm the event manager for today's call. (Operator Instructions) I would like to advise all participants that this conference is being recorded. (Operator Instructions)
And now I'd like to hand over to Carolyne. Please proceed.
Carolyne Y. Sohn - VP
Thank you, Greg, and hello, everyone. Thank you for joining us. The press release announcing ATA Creativity Global's, or ACG's, results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, is available at the IR section of the company's website at www.atai.net.cn. As part of this conference call, the company has an accompanying slide presentation available on its website. A replay of this broadcast will also be made available at ACG's website for the next 90 days.
Before we get started, I would like to remind everyone that this conference call and any accompanying information discussed herein contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terms such as anticipate, believe, expect, future, plan, outlook and will and include, among other things, statements regarding ACG's future growth and results of operations; ACG's strategy of becoming a leading international education service provider; ACG's plans for mergers and acquisitions generally; the benefits of the Huanqiuyimeng acquisition; ACG's ability to operate efficiently and maintain continued financial strength under unusual circumstances; ACG's growth strategy and subsequent business activities, market demand for ACG's Portfolio Training Programs and other education services; the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on ACG and its operations and ACG's plan and anticipated benefits of the measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Although the company believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of today, those statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ dramatically from those projected. There can be no assurance that those expectations will prove to be correct. Information about the risks associated with investing in ACG is included in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we encourage you to review before making an investment decision. The company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, changes in market conditions or otherwise, except as required by law.
Regarding the disclaimer language, I would also like to refer you to Slide 2 of the conference call presentation for further information.
All U.S. dollar amounts in this conference call relating to financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, are converted from RMB using an exchange rate of RMB 7.0808 to USD 1, the noon buying rate as of March 31, 2020. All historical conversions are accurate as of the time reported unless otherwise noted. The company reports its financial results under U.S. GAAP in RMB, and all percentages calculated in the presentation are based on RMB unless otherwise noted.
For those of you following along with the company's PowerPoint presentation, there is an overview of the company on Slide 3, and management will be referring back to this deck throughout the prepared remarks. In addition, we are more than happy to take investor questions through our webcast portal or via e-mail to the company.
On today's call, the company's CFO, Ms. Amy Tung, will provide a brief overview of operating and financial highlights for the first quarter of 2020; and then ACG's Chairman and CEO, Mr. Kevin Ma; and President, Mr. Jun Zhang, will conclude the remarks with a discussion of the company's outlook as well as its long-term growth strategy before opening the floor for questions.
With that, I'll turn the call over to ACG's CFO, Ms. Amy Tung. Please go ahead, Amy.
Amy Tung - CFO
Thank you, Carolyne, and welcome, everyone. Good evening to those in America. We appreciate everyone's time.
Our results for the first quarter of 2020 were impacted by seasonality as a result of the Spring Festival holiday as well as the effects of COVID-19. When we last spoke to investors at the end of March, businesses in China were beginning to open and, while cautious, were returning to normal operations following the impact of the pandemic. We made a conscious decision to transition all Huanqiuyimeng coursework to a completely online format beginning February 1 as a measure of prioritizing the health and safety of our students, faculty, staff and employees during this time. At that time, we provided all of our students the option to fulfill their classes online.
On the portfolio training side, several students would opt to continue with their studies, but some decided to postpone their coursework. Our educational travel services business was also impacted during the period as the majority of tours were canceled. As a result of these headwinds, we reported an 8.7% year-over-year decrease in credit hours delivered for our Portfolio Training Programs from approximately 28,900 credit hours in quarter 1 2019 to approximately 26,400 in quarter 1 2020. We provide a breakdown of these credit hours and additional operating metrics on the next slide. Later in the presentation, Kevin and Jun will provide an update on current operations and where they stand.
As an overview, a credit hour is the standard unit measuring educational credit for our Portfolio Training Program and translates into roughly 1 hour of time committed. When it comes to enrollment headcount, a student may be counted twice in enrollment if he or she enrolls in both portfolio training and educational travel services in any given period. Student enrollment for the period was 681, out of which 404 were enrolled in the Portfolio Training Program. The Portfolio Training Program consists of time-based programs and project-based programs, and we provide a breakout of the credit hours delivered during the period compared to the prior year comparable period in our presentation.
Revenue is recognized proportionately per credit hour delivered. However, as the [total] credit hours of project-based programs are not predetermined, the progress of a project-based program, which is measured by credit hours delivered compared against the total credit hours expected to be delivered, is reevaluated at each quarterly and annual financial reporting date. As in partial quarter 3 and quarter 4 of 2019, we continued to observe the same trend of students increasingly opting for the project-based program versus the time-based program. We noted on the last earnings call that each program has a benefit depending on the particular student's need. A student that already possesses some basic views and wishes to only complete the portfolio will tend to favor the project-based program as it appears to be the less expensive option for completing a portfolio with a defined cost. Meanwhile, the time-based program caters to students that may want additional guidance and opportunity to work with teachers for some basic foundation skills before beginning on their portfolio.
With that, let's move to financials for the quarter. I wanted to remind everyone that for the results shown for this period, we have applied acquisition accounting and made purchase price allocation adjustments, PPA, to various assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Huanqiuyimeng acquisition. As a result, certain line items will include adjustments from amortization of the difference between the carrying value in Huanqiuyimeng's book and the fair value assets from the PPA process applied to the Huanqiuyimeng acquisition. I will highlight where we saw some impact on our financials due to this PPA adjustment for the 2020 first quarter.
Total net revenues for the first quarter of 2020 increased to CNY 32.7 million compared to CNY 1.6 million in the first quarter of 2019 as a result of revenue contributions from Huanqiuyimeng, which consisted primarily of revenues from Portfolio Training Programs. Net revenues for this quarter include a PPA adjustment decrease of CNY 6 million.
Gross margin was 35.8% during the 2020 first quarter compared to gross margin of 25.3% in the prior year period when the company did not have substantial operations. Excluding the PPA adjustment to net revenues, gross margin for the 2020 first quarter would have been 45.8%. Net loss attributable to ACG was CNY 20.5 million for the period compared to a net loss of CNY 12.9 million in the prior year period as a result of increased operating expenses incurred related to the day-to-day operations of the Huanqiuyimeng business.
Finally, we contribute -- we continue to be in a solid financial position with USD 21.6 million in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet. Working capital deficit was USD 13.3 million, and total shareholders' equity was USD 40 million at March 31, 2020, compared to working capital deficit of USD 11.7 million and shareholders' equity of USD 43.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019.
With that, I would now like to turn it over to Kevin, who will expand upon our outlook and growth strategy. Kevin?
Xiaofeng Ma - Co-Founder, Chairman & CEO
Thank you, Amy. Just unprecedented times. As Amy noted, we continue to operate our business in this new environment and are focused on continuing to provide the quality art and creativity instruction to our students, enabling them to continue working towards their goals even while much of the world remains under shelter in place.
We are fortunate to be in a solid financial position that will allow us to navigate the challenges businesses all over the world are facing as a result of COVID-19 for the amount of time it will take for a surplus test to return to a new normal.
ACG has a great deal of operating flexibility as our infrastructure allow us to scale to meet challenges in demand from our student base. We have been taking advantage of this operating flexibility to streamline costs with camps to teaching availability and associated teaching cost arrangements. At the same time, we are able to almost immediately ramp up to satisfy increasing demand with students that had decided to postpone their studies to resume their programs once again.
With regard to educational travel, we do know that many of our partner institutions will not be holding their regular summer programs, which will have an impact on our business. We regret that our students will not be able to take advantage of our tours and programs this summer. But we want to emphasize that the public health and the safety of our students and employee is of the utmost importance. We are in close contact with all our partners, and we'll keep an eye on the global situation in the coming weeks and months.
We are prepared to continue supporting our students via our online platform and are looking into ways in which we can maximize the potential of online technologies to grow our business and better serve students. Additionally, we announced today that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, which will allow the company to repurchase up to USD 1 million of its issued and outstanding ADS from time to time in the open market and privately negotiated transactions. The plan is effective now through the end of the year. We are pleased that the Board shows our confidence in the long-term growth potential of ACG's business and our commitment to building value for shareholders.
I'd now like to hand the floor over to Jun Zhang, ACG's President, to provide an update on our current growth initiatives for Huanqiuyimeng. Jun will make his remarks in Mandarin, which will be followed by an English translation.
Jun Zhang - President & Director
(foreign language)
Carolyne Y. Sohn - VP
[Interpreted] Thank you, Kevin. As you might imagine, our immediate goals have changed somewhat in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving our technologies has become a major priority as we are seeing that many students still wish to pursue their studies in art and creativity. We aim to provide reliable access to our best instructors around the country via remote learning platform while also providing the necessary academic and emotional support our students need to succeed. In addition, we have begun looking at how we can take advantage of online beyond the service delivery method. For example, we plan to offer online classes as trials that will allow students to get a first-hand sense of Huanqiuyimeng's offerings to generate sales. We plan to continue offering the traditional off-line mode for portfolio training but are exploring the possibility of converting some off-line classes to online delivery.
Introductory classes that focus on the fundamentals tend to have a more standardized curriculum, which lends itself to online delivery. Doing so will offer students added flexibility while lowering costs. Online delivery also offers the potential for expanded academic offerings and access to internationally acclaimed instructors who can conduct classes remotely without the need for travel.
With regards to educational travel, we mentioned earlier that most of our partner institutions have canceled their regular summer programs. We are working to develop alternative options for students this summer, including online summer school programs, partnering with certain well-known overseas art schools and institutions and newly developed art-themed domestic travel programs.
Our sales pipeline has begun to regain momentum now that nearly all of our sales and marketing personnel in Beijing are able to return to the office. Some of our local offices have not yet fully reopened, but we expect they will in the next couple of weeks.
We are well positioned financially and operationally to weather the challenges businesses all over the world have been presented. We continue to push forward on our growth initiatives where it makes the most sense, forging partnerships, improving our technology and growing enrollments. In doing so, we believe we will emerge as one of the largest providers of quality art and creativity education and study abroad experiences in China.
With that, I'll turn it back to Kevin.
Xiaofeng Ma - Co-Founder, Chairman & CEO
Thanks, Jun and Carolyne. To conclude, ACG has a strong foundation leading to survival in the current situation. We continue to explore M&A opportunities, but it's a slow process in the current environment. We have a regimented strategy when it comes to evaluating potential opportunities internationally, which is somewhat challenged as doing site visit and in-person meeting are prohibited.
Above all, we remain focused on serving students to the best of our ability and prioritizing the well-being of all our stakeholders. I would once again like to extend my gratitude to all of our employees, associates, family and friends for their support during these times. ACG wouldn't be what it is today with you.
With that, operator, let's open it up for questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) And as we do not have any questions that are coming in, I would like to turn it back to management for closing remarks.
Xiaofeng Ma - Co-Founder, Chairman & CEO
Thanks again to all of you for joining us. If anyone has questions for us, please feel free to reach out directly to us or our Investor Relations firm, The Equity Group. We are always available to speak to investors and look forward to speaking with you all during our next quarterly call. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Everyone, that concludes your conference call for today. You may now disconnect. Thank you for joining, and enjoy the rest of your day.
[Portions of this transcript that are marked [Interpreted] were spoken by an interpreter present on the live call.]